Role of low kilovoltage electrocardiographic-gated multidetector CT in electrophysiological procedures in the paediatric age group

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Sameh N. K. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Electric Activity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Electrophysiological Procedures ◽  
Low Kilovoltage ◽  
Treatment Of Arrhythmias ◽  
Electrophysiological Technique

AbstractTreatment of arrhythmias by catheter ablation targeting the anatomical foci of arrhythmias by radiofrequency has evolved dramatically in recent years. A road map for the relevant heart structures is an important asset for the success of the procedure and should be obtained before the intervention. This can be achieved by intra-cardiac echocardiography, conventional angiographic methods, multidetector CT, or MRI. The electrophysiological technique comprises a diagnostic procedure and an interventional – therapeutic – procedure. Electrocardiographic-gated multidetector CT is important in the diagnostic session to evaluate the anatomical details in combination with electric activity mapping. This combined protocol provides a unique view of the propagation of electrical activity, either normal or abnormal, over cardiac structures and allows a precise functional and anatomical evaluation to be obtained. In this review, we evaluate the role of electrocardiographic-gated multidetector CT in roadmapping arrhythmias in the paediatric age group, focussing on its strengths; we also evaluated some additional aspects that need further improvement in the future.

Homoeopathy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Narrative Review of Research Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
Nisha Sehrawat
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, especially in the paediatric age group. Conventional medications have a minimal role in treating and preventing those diseases and an alternative for this is warranted. In this regard, homoeopathy can be a proper consideration, but the comparative effect and safety need critical evaluation. Methods To evaluate the role of homoeopathic treatment in URTI, particularly in children, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Core-Hom, Cochrane library and Cam-quest database. All the relevant studies were included for a critical review. Results One-hundred forty articles were found in a preliminary search, and for review, we included 17 studies related to URTI in paediatric age group. All the studies were very diverse in the methodology, type of homoeopathy used and outcome measurement. Different types of homoeopathy in terms of individualised, complex syrup and home-medication were used in studies. Fourteen studies reported the role of homoeopathy in reducing the severity of symptoms, efficacy beyond placebo, superiority or non-inferiority over conventional medications, in lowering the consumption of antibiotics and as prophylaxis. On the other hand, three studies found little or no effect in reducing symptoms or number of visits. Conclusions Homoeopathic treatment improves the symptoms and reduces the severity of URTI in the paediatric age group. It can be an effective and safe way of treatment for reducing the burden of the disease, thus improving the quality of life. Owing to the diversity among the studies, more high-quality trials with focused questions are needed for further conclusion.

scholarly journals Adenovirus cerebellitis in an immunocompetent 2-year-old girl

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e227808
Author(s):  
Zena Tansley-Ahmed ◽  
Kit Wu ◽  
Loucas Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Brainstem Compression ◽  
Paediatric Age

Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a principal cause of acute cerebellar dysfunction in previously well children. Although the condition is usually benign, fatal complications include obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression; therefore, prompt accurate diagnosis is vital.1There are various pathogens reported in the literature as aetiological agents of AC; however, adenovirus is very rarely mentioned, with only one previous case report in the literature to the best of our knowledge.2This case demonstrates the importance of recognising adenovirus as a cause of AC, particularly when preceded by a respiratory tract infection in the paediatric age group. Furthermore, we highlight the role of early neuroimaging in differentiating AC from other causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction, which require different management. Our patient made a full recovery with no long-term deficits demonstrating that comprehensive investigation and consideration of atypical pathogens in the context of AC is vital in securing a favourable outcome.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study on Imaging of Paediatric Intra-Abdominal Cystic Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Sreelaxmi Aitipamula ◽  
Veena Madireddy ◽  
Vijaya Kumari Mudunoor ◽  
Baranitharan S
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Duplication Cyst ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Abdominal Lesions

BACKGROUND Abdominal cystic lesions are not so uncommon in the paediatric age group. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial investigation of choice for detection of lesions. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further compliment the findings of USG and help in the final diagnosis of various abdominal lesions in this age group. Because of the overlap in imaging features, histologic analysis is usually necessary to establish a diagnosis. The major role of the radiologist is to document the cystic nature of these abdominal masses and to determine the origin. Our aim was to study the incidence of cystic abdominal lesions in the paediatric age group and role of imaging in the diagnosis of various types of cystic lesions. METHODS This is a cross sectional study of 60 children who have been referred to radiology department with abdominal symptoms, over a period of 18 months (from April 2018 to September 2019) in Niloufer hospital, Hyderabad. Children suspected to have abdominal lesions have been referred to radiology department. USG is the initial investigation done and further CT / MRI has been done according to the findings on USG. Paediatric patients of age day 1 to 12 years, both male and female suspected to have abdominal cystic lesions either clinically or sonologically have been included in the study. Retroperitoneal lesions are excluded from study. RESULTS Out of the 60 patients studied, 44 patients were females and the rest were males. The most affected age group was between 0 - 1 year which constituted to 50 percent of the total cases studied. The most common pathologies are ovarian cyst and duplication cyst which constituted about 49 % of the cases. Statistical significance has been observed between the gender and incidence of cystic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Imaging plays a key role in the evaluation of various types of cystic lesions in the paediatric age group and arrive at a particular diagnosis based on specific imaging features. The radiologist must consider patient age, clinical parameters and imaging findings to formulate the likely diagnosis of cystic lesions. USG being cost effective, widely available and with no risk of radiation has been chosen as the first modality for investigation. KEYWORDS Cystic Lesions, USG, CT / MRI, Ovarian Cyst, Enteric Duplication Cyst

scholarly journals Primary Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma: An Enigmatic Entity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Mishra ◽  
Amit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Histological Variants ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Cns Tumours

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumour in the paediatric age group. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in neuroblastoma is commonly due to metastasis from the extracranial primary. Primary CNS Neuroblastoma (PCNS-NB) is a rare entity and highlights errors in development of neural crest cells and CNS. A lot has been published since the first description of PCNS-NB four decades ago. Over the years, neuroscientists, geneticists, and clinicians have improved the understanding of PCNS-NB. PCNS-NB is an enigmatic entity with variable presentation, epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes. Recent update in knowledge is seen in 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumours with reclassification of CNS neuroblastoma. It further subclassified different histological variants of PCNS-NB and its molecular correlates. Most common histological subtype of PCNS-NB is neuroblastoma followed by ganglioneuroblastoma. Studies support the view that younger age group, less number of lesions, ganglioneuroblastoma histology subtype and surgical management are good prognostic indicators. This chapter provides an updated overview of epidemiology, clinical features, histological and molecular diagnosis, and outcomes of PCNS-NB in addition to the role of adjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Lymphnode in Paediatric Age Group

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Dr.Minal Panchal ◽  
◽  
Dr.Y.H. Chavan ◽  
Dr.S.A. Deshpande ◽  
Dr.S.V. Suvernakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Clinico-pathological study of acute pain abdomen in paediatric age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Vidya M Saravagol ◽  
◽  
Deepak Shanbhag ◽  
Ashraf Ahamed ◽  
Kartik Sadananda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Paediatric Age

The role of emotions in the enhancement of performance in football for the 7 to 10 age group

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Dan Fetean ◽  
Gheorghe Monea ◽  
Florina-Emilia Grosu
Keyword(s):  
Age Group

scholarly journals Age-specific cut-off levels of anti-Müllerian hormone can be used as diagnostic markers for polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Maryam Rahmati ◽  
Fatemeh Mahboobifard ◽  
Faezeh Firouzi ◽  
Nazanin Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Background The majority of available studies on the AMH thresholds were not age-specific and performed the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, based on variations in sensitivity and specificity rather than positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), which are more clinically applicable. Moreover, all of these studies used a pre-specified age categorization to report the age-specific cut-off values of AMH. Methods A total of 803 women, including 303 PCOS patients and 500 eumenorrheic non-hirsute control women, were enrolled in the present study. The PCOS group included PCOS women, aged 20–40 years, who were referred to the Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. The Rotterdam consensus criteria were used for diagnosis of PCOS. The control group was selected among women, aged 20–40 years, who participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose cohort Study (TLGS). Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to identify the optimal cut-off points for various age categories. The cut-off levels of AMH in different age categories were estimated, using the Bayesian method. Main results and the role of chance Two optimal cut-off levels of AMH (ng/ml) were identified at the age of 27 and 35 years, based on GAMs. The cut-off levels for the prediction of PCOS in the age categories of 20–27, 27–35, and 35–40 years were 5.7 (95 % CI: 5.48–6.19), 4.55 (95 % CI: 4.52–4.64), and 3.72 (95 % CI: 3.55–3.80), respectively. Based on the Bayesian method, the PPV and NPV of these cut-off levels were as follows: PPV = 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.96–0.99) and NPV = 0.40 (95 % CI: 0.30–0.51) for the age group of 20–27 years; PPV = 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.91–0.99) and NPV = 0.82 (95 % CI: 0.78–0.86) for the age group of 27–35 years; and PPV = 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.80–0.94) and NPV = 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.93–0.98) for the age group of 35–40 years. Conclusions Application of age-specific cut-off levels of AMH, according to the GAMs and Bayesian method, could elegantly assess the value of AMH in discriminating PCOS patients in all age categories.

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