Resolution of intracardiac thrombus with novel oral anticoagulants in an adult patient with complex CHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Scognamiglio ◽  
Rosaria Barracano ◽  
Berardo Sarubbi
Keyword(s):  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Atrial Thrombus ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Fontan Patients ◽  
Echocardiographic Evidence

AbstractThromboembolic complications occur frequently in Fontan patients with atrial arrhythmias and are a cause of significant morbidity and all-cause mortality. We report the case of an adult woman with direct atriopulmonary connection and atrial arrhythmia who developed a right atrial thrombus. She was switched to apixaban therapy because of echocardiographic evidence of thrombus progression despite combined therapy with warfarin and aspirin. After 1 year of treatment, there was evidence of complete thrombus resolution, in the absence of bleeding events. Our case shows that direct oral anticoagulants can be effective and safe for the treatment of thrombosis in adult patients with complex CHD.

scholarly journals Dissolution of metastatic thymic carcinoma–associated right atrial thrombus with rivaroxaban

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2092759
Author(s):  
Curlene Nimblette ◽  
Rajeev Seecheran ◽  
Jessica Kawall ◽  
Valmiki Seecheran ◽  
Sangeeta Persad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Thrombus ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Right Atrial Thrombus ◽  
Thromboembolism Events

Thymic carcinoma typically exhibits more clinically aggressive behavior and portends a worse prognosis as compared to thymoma. Venous thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in oncologic patients. Traditionally, the standard-of-care management of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism has been therapeutic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparins; however, with the advent of direct oral anticoagulants, there is an ongoing paradigm shift to transition to these novel agents in an attempt to attenuate cancer-associated venous thromboembolism events. We describe an exceedingly rare case of metastatic thymic carcinoma–associated right atrial thrombus with high-risk embolic features, which subsequently underwent near-complete dissolution with rivaroxaban after 3 months.

scholarly journals The concoction of cancer, catheter, and intracardiac clot: a case report describing a potential treatment strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Raunak Mohan Nair ◽  
Anjli Maroo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Intracardiac Thrombus ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Atrial Thrombus ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Right Atrial Thrombus

Abstract Background Patients with cancer often pose a unique challenge to anticoagulation, as they have a higher risk of bleeding and clotting than the general population. Patients with cancer and catheter-related intracardiac thrombus are a very specific subset of people who do not have specific recommendations guiding their treatment. This article aims to address the existing knowledge gaps in this scenario and provide a possible treatment approach for these patients. Case summary We describe the case of a 46-year-old lady with invasive breast cancer, who was on chemotherapy through a central venous catheter and was found to have a right atrial thrombus on routine echocardiography. Due to the paucity of data in this scenario and because the patient requested an oral anticoagulant which did not need frequent monitoring, we started her on apixaban for a total of 3 months. Echocardiogram was repeated at 4 and 8 weeks. In the 8-week echocardiogram, the right atrial thrombus was no longer visualized. Discussion Malignancy and central venous catheters significantly increase the risk of thrombosis. Although low molecular weight heparin is the preferred anticoagulant to manage thrombosis in patients with cancer, direct oral anticoagulants have been proven to be non-inferior. In patients with catheter-related intracardiac thrombus, anticoagulation should be continued for at least 3 months or until the catheter is removed, whichever is longer.

scholarly journals Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Left Ventricular (LV) Thrombus, a prospective randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Alcalai ◽  
R Rashad ◽  
A Butnaru ◽  
G Moravsky ◽  
D Leibowitz
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Warfarin Group ◽  
Acute Mi

Abstract Background Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have an elevated risk of stroke, mostly due to left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation, which typically occur within the first 2 weeks following an anterior MI. Currently the recommended management of LV thrombus after acute MI is anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist. To date, there are no prospective data on the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACS) for stroke prevention in the setting of LV thrombus. Aim To assess the efficacy of apixaban vs. warfarin in treating LV thrombus after MI. Methods The study is a prospective, randomized, multi-center open label trial comparing apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with s.c enoxaparin 1mg/kg BID followed by dose-adjusted warfarin to achieve a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0 for 3 months in patients with LV thrombus detected by echocardiography 3 to 14 days after acute MI. The primary outcome was the presence and size of LV thrombus 3 months after initiation of anticoagulation as assessed by 2D echocardiogram. Secondary outcomes were stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding and death from any cause. Results 25 patients have been enrolled to date in 3 medical centers, 13 were randomized to apixaban and 12 to warfarin. Mean age was 59.8±10.7 and 19 (76%) were males with no difference between the study groups. Mean LV thrombus size at enrollment was 24X15 mm in the apixaban group and 19X14 in the warfarin group (p=NS). After 3 months of treatment thrombus completely resolved in all patients in the warfarin group and in 12 of 13 in the apixaban group. In one patient in the apixaban group who had a very large thrombus of 40x20mm size upon enrollment the thrombus size was reduced significantly to 20x12 after 3 months. No death, stroke or systemic embolism was documented in either group. There were two patients with major bleeding in the warfarin group, one had sub-arachnoid hemorrhage after 2 months and anticoagulation was stopped, and another had GI bleeding after 1 month and was switched to enoxaparin. One patient in the warfarin group refused to continue the treatment after 3 weeks. No major bleeding events were recorded in the apixaban group and all patients completed 3 months of treatment. Conclusions Our preliminary results indicate that apixaban is a safe and effective treatment for patients with LV thrombus post anterior wall MI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Korean Cancer Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962097957
Author(s):  
Soo-Mee Bang ◽  
Jin-Hyoung Kang ◽  
Min Hee Hong ◽  
Jin-Seok Ahn ◽  
So Yeon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Deep Vein

This study assessed epidemiologic data and clinical outcomes, including venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence and bleeding events, in patients with cancer-associated VTE, and assessed factors associated with clinical outcomes. Data were extracted from retrospective medical-chart review of adult patients diagnosed with cancer-associated deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism who received anticoagulation treatment for ≥3 months. Patients were classified by: low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), and other anticoagulants. First VTE recurrence and bleeding events, and factors associated with their occurrence, were assessed during the initial 6 months of treatment. Overall, 623 patients (age: 63.7 ± 11.3 years, 49.3% male) were included (119, 132, and 372 patients in LMWH, DOACs and other anticoagulants groups, respectively). The cumulative 6-month incidence of VTE recurrence was 16.6% (total), 8.3% (LMWH), 16.7% (DOACs), and 20.7% (other); respective bleeding events were 22.5%, 11.0%, 12.3%, and 30.7%). VTE recurrence and bleeding rates differed only between LMWH and other anticoagulants (HR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-5.0 and 3.6, 1.9-6.8, respectively). These results highlight the importance of initial VTE treatment choice for preventing VTE recurrence and bleeding events. LMWH or DOACs for ≥3 months can be considered for effective VTE management in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Prescribing in Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962098790
Author(s):  
Clara Ting ◽  
Megan Rhoten ◽  
Jillian Dempsey ◽  
Hunter Nichols ◽  
John Fanikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Severe Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Require Dose

Patients with renal impairment require dose adjustments for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), though there is uncertainty regarding their use in severe chronic kidney disease. Inappropriately dosed DOACs may increase risk of ischemic events when under-dosed, or risk of bleeding when over-dosed. The purpose of this study was to describe DOAC selection, dosing strategies, and associated clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment at our institution. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of adult outpatients with moderate to severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance <50 mL/min, including need for hemodialysis) who were prescribed a DOAC by a cardiologist between June 1, 2015 and December 1, 2018. Outcomes evaluated included the percentage of patients who received appropriate and inappropriate DOAC dosing, prescriber reasons for inappropriate DOAC dosing if documented, and incidence of thrombotic and bleeding events. A total of 207 patients were included. Overall, 61 (29.5%) patients received inappropriate dosing, with 43 (70.5%) being under-dosed and 18 (29.5%) being over-dosed as compared to FDA-labeled dosing recommendations for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism (VTE). By a median follow-up duration of 20 months, stroke occurred in 6 (3.3%) patients receiving DOACs for atrial fibrillation, and VTE occurred in 1 (4.3%) patient receiving a DOAC for VTE. International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 25 (12.1%) patients. Direct oral anticoagulants were frequently prescribed at off-label doses in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, with a tendency toward under-dosing.

scholarly journals The Risk of Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ibrutinib Combined with Novel Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4314-4314
Author(s):  
Michal Ariela Raz ◽  
Jon E. Arnason ◽  
Osnat Bairey ◽  
Lev Shvidel ◽  
Ariel Aviv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Grade 3

Introduction: Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is an established therapeutic agent in a variety of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Ibrutinib induces platelet dysfunction and concurrent treatment with ibrutinib and warfarin was shown to significantly increase the risk of bleeding. The current study was designed to investigate the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients receiving ibrutinib, considering their expanding employment together with the lack of data regarding their safety in patients receiving ibrutinib. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate risks of major bleeding in patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CLL, MCL, DLBCL, MZL or WM) that were treated with ibrutinib and DOACs but without concurrent antiplatelet therapy, between January 2010 and October 2018 in 5 participating centers. Patient medical charts were reviewed for demographic parameters, comorbidities, ibrutinib dosage, DOACs dosage (including the adjustment for renal function), blood count and chemistry tests, bleeding site and grade. Results: The study included 30 patients, median age at starting concurrent administration of ibrutinib and DOACs was 71.58 years (range 50.9-88.2). Most patients were treated for CLL (n=18, 60%) and MCL (n=8, 26%). The most common daily doses of ibrutinib were 420 mg and 560 mg in 63.3% and 30% of patients respectively. None of the patients received an additional antiplatelet agent. Twenty-three patients were treated with apixaban (76.7%), 4 with rivaroxaban (13.3%) and 3 (10%) with dabigatran. The main indications for DOACs were atrial fibrillation and VTE (venous thromboembolism). The median follow-up after initiation of the ibrutinib-DOAC combination was 13.4 months (range 1.8-47.9 months). Bleeding was reported in 22 patients (73.3%), mostly mucocutaneous (n=12, 40%) and gastrointestinal tract (n=7, 23.3%), followed by CNS bleeding (n=4, 13.3%). Mucocutaneous bleedings were all grade 1-2 and gastrointestinal tract and CNS bleeding events were grade 1-4. Major bleeding events, defined as grade 3 or 4, occurred in 5 patients (16.6%) and did not result in death of any of the patients. The median time for bleeding following ibrutinib-DOAC initiation was 5.6 months. Over a follow-up period of 21 months of combined treatment, the incidence of bleeding events (of all grades) increased to 75% (Figure 1). Incidence of bleeding events (including all grades) was quite similar between all DOAC subtypes (73.9% with apixaban, 75% with rivaroxaban and 66.7% with dabigatran). No statistically significant predictors for increased risk of bleeding in patients receiving ibrutinib combined with DOACs were detected. Ibrutinib was stopped in 8 patients (26.7%) due to grade 1 to 4 bleeding events and was re-initiated in 6 patients, resulting in recurrent grade 3 and 4 bleeding events in 2 patients. Conclusions: Concurrent administration of DOACs and ibrutinib appears to be feasible. However, risk of bleeding is not neglectable, and treatment resumption in patients that experienced a significant bleeding event should be considered with caution. Disclosures Arnason: Celgene/Juno: Consultancy; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Herishanu:Roche: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Immunomodulatory Drug Associated Venous Thromboembolism

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4964-4964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Crowther ◽  
Jamie Doyle ◽  
Stanford Taylor ◽  
Nadia Ali
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Growing Body

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in multiple myeloma (MM) patients for several reasons; hematologic malignancy itself is a VTE risk factor and standard of care immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) increase the risk further. This combination therapy has a mean VTE incidence of 21.5% in studies that did not use thromboprophylaxis and is recommended for all patients on IMiDs, although the optimal thromboprophylactic regimen remains uncertain. In clinical practice, aspirin (ASA) is commonly prescribed for VTE prophylaxis due to the ease of use. Despite this, the incidence of VTE remains between 7-14%. There is a growing body of literature supporting the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the treatment of VTE in cancer populations. We wanted to assess the incidence of VTE despite ASA prophylaxis at our institution and to further characterize the role of DOACs in the MM population. To do this, we performed a chart review of all MM patients who had been treated with lenalidomide and a DOAC, assessing for VTE development and patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with the diagnosis of MM treated with lenalidomide therapy at Fox Chase Cancer Center at Temple University Hospital or Cottman Avenue after Jan 1st, 2015 to July 2019. Eligible patients were identified through electronic medical record data mining for patients that had been diagnosed with MM, had been prescribed lenalidomide, had been taking ASA while on lenalidomide, and switched to rivaroxaban, edoxaban or apixaban. For comparison, the number of patients treated with lenalidomide and ASA who did not switch to a DOAC were also identified. Patient charts were reviewed for VTE development and bleeding complications after DOAC administration. Results: 132 patients were identified who had a diagnosis of MM and had been prescribed lenalidomide between Jan 1, 2015 and July 31, 2019. These patients were also prescribed aspirin except for three who were already on a DOAC prior to starting lenalidomide. Of the total 132 patients, only 17 were prescribed a DOAC. Six of the patients were on DOACs for reasons other than VTE (atrial fibrillation N=4, atrial flutter N=1, marantic endocarditis N=1). Eleven patients were started on DOACs for VTE; incidence of 8.3% in our myeloma population. However three of these VTEs occurred within one month of high dose melphalan chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue. These three patients had been off lenalidomide for over one month prior to VTE. Eight of the 17 patients with VTE developed clots in the setting of active MM and concurrent therapy with IMiD/Dex, independent of hospitalizations or other provoking factors. This is an incidence of 6.0% for VTE directly attributed to therapy. Six patients were on lenalidomide and Dex, while two patients developed VTE while on pomalidomide and Dex. No patients on lenalidomide experienced recurrent VTEs after being switched to therapeutic dose DOAC. One patient on pomalidomide/Dex did experience recurrent VTE. We examined all 17 patients who were on DOACs, 16 of which had been on IMiD and DOACs concurrently. Three had minor bleeding events which all resolved spontaneously. One patient had a major bleeding event, which was a fatal ruptured cerebral aneurysm while on a DOAC and ASA concurrently. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE in our patient population receiving IMiD/Dex while on ASA prophylaxis therapy was similar to what has been previously reported in the literature. We examined the clinical outcomes of 16 patients treated with IMiDs and DOACs concurrently and found few bleeding events. The one major bleed was likely precipitated by malignant hypertension and not a direct result of being on a DOAC. Taken together these results further support the growing body of evidence that DOACs are effective and safe treatments for VTE in cancer patients, including MM. Moving forward, our clinical experience with treatment dose DOACs supports the use of prophylactic dose DOACs to potentially further reduce the incidence of VTE in this high-risk population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Anticoagulation Challenges in Hematogeriatrics: Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Vs Vitamin k Antagonist in Elderly with Atrial Fibrillation

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1162-1162
Author(s):  
Desirée Campoy ◽  
Gonzalo Artaza ◽  
César A Velasquez ◽  
Tania Canals ◽  
Erik A Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Bleeding Events

BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are increasingly used in patients with Non Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) for stroke prevention. However, Follow-Up (FU) and dosing these agents in the elderly can be challenging due to different factors, such as chronic kidney disease, frailty, falls, multifactorial anemia and concomitant polypharmacy. These factors in elderly patients predisposes to both thromboembolic and bleeding events once atrial fibrillation occurs. Therefore, balancing risks and benefits of antithrombotic strategies in older populations is crucial. Despite recent increases in DOAC use in NVAF, there are still limited data regarding DOACs effectiveness and safety in frail elderly patients. AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety according to DOAC or Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA) in a cohort of elderly patients with NVAF. METHODS From April 2016 to April 2019, we consecutively included NVAF elderly patients (≥80 years-old) treated with DOAC or VKA in a prospective multicenter registry. Demographic, laboratory, frailty risk stratification and antithrombotic therapy data were collected. Patients had a minimum FU of 6 months. VKA patients had a standard FU through digital international normalized ratio (INR) control and the efficacy of therapy was determined by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) values from the preceding 6 months of treatment using Rosendaal's method. FU in DOAC patients was performed through structured and integral assessment following the Tromboc@t Working Group recommendations for management in patients receiving DOAC (Olivera et al, Med Clin 2018). Key practical management aspects are listed in the flow chart (Figure 1). Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS score) was assigned to each patient at the beginning and during the FU; patients were classified into three categories: non-frail (CFS 1-4), mild-to-moderately frail (CFS 5-6), and severely frail (CFS 7-9). RESULTS From a total of 1040 NVAF patients, 690 (63.5%) were treated with DOAC (61 dabigatran, 95 rivaroxaban, 254 edoxaban and 280 apixaban) and 350 with VKA. In the VKA group, the mean TTR was 52.8%. Demographic characteristics and CFS score are summarized in table 1. Kaplan-Meier analysis (median FU: 16.5 months) showed a significantly high incidence of stroke/systemic embolism among VKA patients vs DOAC patients (4.2 vs 0.5 events per 100 patient-years, p<0.001). Major bleeding in the DOAC group was significantly infrequent compared with VKA group (2.2 vs 8.9 events, p=0.001). In the DOAC group, 90% (n=20/22) of the major bleedings were gastrointestinal [16 rivaroxaban and 4 edoxaban]. However, in the VKA group 64% (n = 20/31) were gastrointestinal, 25.8% (n= 8/31) intracranial and 9.7% (n = 3/31) urogenital bleedings. We identified 365 very elderly patients (aged ≥ 90 years) of which 270 (39.1%) were DOAC patients and 95 (27.1%) VKA patients. In this subgroup of patients, after a multivariate regression analysis, the stroke/systemic embolism incidence was similar in both treatment groups regardless of the age, but major bleeding decreased significantly in DOAC group (adjusted HR 0.247, 95% CI 0.091-0.664). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that DOACs can be a good therapeutic option for stroke/systemic embolism prevention in frail elderly patients, showing low rates of stroke as well as bleeding events when a structured and integral FU is applied to anticoagulated patients. Further investigations are necessary to analyze the impact in the quality of life and net clinical benefit of anticoagulant therapy when a FU program is applied in elderly patients. Disclosures Sierra: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Daiichi-Sankyo: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Safety and timing of resuming dabigatran after major gastrointestinal bleeding reversed by idarucizumab

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1775333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Galeazzo Riario Sforza ◽  
Francesco Gentile ◽  
Fabio Stock ◽  
Francesco Caggiano ◽  
Enrica Chiocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Massive Rectal Bleeding

The recent introduction of direct oral anticoagulants, including rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, and edoxaban, for the acute treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism and in atrial fibrillation has been shown to provide greater clinical benefit than oral vitamin K antagonists. However, direct oral anticoagulants are associated with adverse events, the most common being major bleeding; such events require the reversal of the anticoagulant effects by specific agents. In this case report, we describe an 87-year-old female with atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran who had massive rectal bleeding. Idarucizumab 5 g (2 × 2.5 g/50 mL) was successfully used to reverse dabigatran effect; subsequent to this, treatment with dabigatran was resumed, and there were no further bleeding events. This suggests that dabigatran can be safely restarted after major bleeding, but this outcome needs to be confirmed in studies involving larger groups of patients.

scholarly journals Utilization of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Observational Data from the District of Columbia Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. e604-e613
Author(s):  
Jomy M George ◽  
Safia S Kuriakose ◽  
Anne Monroe ◽  
Qingjiang Hou ◽  
Morgan Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Abstract Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become first-line treatment for venous thrombotic events. DOAC prescribing trends among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are not well described. The coadministration of DOACs with the antiretroviral (ARV) pharmacokinetic boosters ritonavir (RTV) or cobicistat (COBI) may be complicated by pharmacokinetic interactions. Methods A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using the D.C. Cohort Database in Washington, D.C., from January 2011 to March 2017, to describe oral anticoagulant prescribing among PWH ≥ 18 years old and the prevalence of DOAC use with RTV or COBI. Data collection included demographic and clinical characteristics, ARV and anticoagulant prescriptions, and International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Edition diagnosis codes. Results Among 8315 PWH, there were 236 anticoagulant prescriptions (96 DOAC, 140 warfarin) for 206 persons. PWH prescribed anticoagulants were predominantly Black (82%) and male (82%), with a mean age at anticoagulant initiation of 56 years. DOAC use increased from 3% of total anticoagulant prescribing in 2011 to 43% in 2016, accounting for 64% of all newly recorded anticoagulant prescriptions by 2016. There were 19 bleeding events recorded among 16 individuals. Despite the Food and Drug Administration label recommendation to avoid rivaroxaban with boosted ARVs, 41% remained on boosted ARVs after rivaroxaban initiation. Conclusions DOAC use increased substantially in PWH by 2016. Although rivaroxaban is not recommended with RTV or COBI, concomitant use was recorded in 41% of rivaroxaban recipients in this cohort. As DOAC usage increases, clinicians need to be aware of potential DOAC/ARV interactions in order to select the most appropriate oral anticoagulant and monitoring plan for PWH.

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