Mass-Casualty Terrorist Bombings In Istanbul, Turkey, November 2003: Report of the Events and the Prehospital Emergency Response

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkümen Rodoplu ◽  
Jeffrey L. Arnold ◽  
Rifat Tokyay ◽  
Gurkan Ersoy ◽  
Serkan Cetiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Blast Injuries ◽  
American Hospital ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

AbstractBackground:This paper describes the two mass-casualty, terrorist attacks that occurred in Istanbul, Turkey in November 2003, and the resulting prehospital emergency response.Methods:A complex, retrospective, descriptive study was performed, using open source reports, interviews, direct measurements of street distances, and hospital records from the American Hospital (AH) and Taksim Education and Research State Hospital (TERSH) in Istanbul.Results:On 15 November, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in trucks were detonated outside the Neve Shalom and Beth Israel Synagogues, killing 30 persons and injuring an estimated additional 300. Victims were maldistributed to 16 medical facilities. For example, AH, a private hospital located six km from both synagogues, received 69 injured survivors, of which 86% had secondary blast injuries and 13% were admitted to the hospital. The TERSH, a government hospital located 1 km from both synagogues, received 48 injured survivors. On 20 November, IEDs in trucks were detonated outside the Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) headquarters and the British Consulate (BC), killing 33 and injuring an estimated additional 450. Victims were maldistributed to 16 medical facilities. For example, TERSH, located 18 km from the HSBC site and 2 km from the the BC received 184 injured survivors, of which 93% had secondary blast injuries and 15% were hospitalized. The AH, located 9 km from the HSBC site and 6 km from the BC, received 16 victims.Conclusion:The twin suicide truck bombings on 15 and 20 November 2003 were the two largest terrorist attacks in modern Turkish history, collectively killing 63 persons and injuring an estimated 750 others. The vast majority of victims had secondary blast injuries, which did not require hospitalization. Factors associated with the maldistribution of casualties to medical facilities appeared to include the distance from each bombing site, the type of medical facility, and the personal preference of injured survivors.

State-of-the-Art Review on Anti-Ram Bollards

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3206-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Guo Qiang Li ◽  
Su Wen Chen ◽  
Wen Long Shi
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
First Line ◽  
Certification Standard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

Perimeter protection is an important physical protection approach for buildings and infrastructures, which is also regarded as the first line of protection. Vehicle borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) have been recognized as a major design threat by many government agencies for years, since they have been so extensively used in past terrorist attacks against critical buildings and infrastructures. Preventing unauthorized vehicles from approaching a protected area with vehicle barriers installed in perimeter of the buildings and infrastructures would consequently reduce blast and debris threats. The history of test certification standard for vehicle barriers is briefly reviewed. The research achievements on anti-ram bollards, one type of vehicle barriers, in the fields of crash test, numerical simulation, and design theory are presented. The remaining problems and deficiencies of the research are pointed out and the corresponding proposals are put forward. Finally, some further research works on anti-ram bollards are proposed.

scholarly journals Challenges Faced by the Intensive Care Unit during a Terrorist Attack: The Riyadh Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Shimemeri
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
News Media ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
The City

Background. Globally, we are facing a “terror epidemic” with incidences of terrorist attacks on innocent civilians increasing worldwide. The volume and nature of injuries resulting from such attacks challenge even the most sophisticated and well-prepared trauma systems and health institutions. Over seventy percent of terror attacks involve bomb explosions with improvised explosive devices (IEDs) resulting in a unique pattern of injuries to the victims. Here, we present data on the terrorist attacks on the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 1991 to the present and discuss in retrospect the event outcomes and features which may be useful for the preparedness of the intensive care unit (ICU) in the wake of future attacks. Methods. Data from nine hospitals in Riyadh that catered to patients during terrorist strikes were collected retrospectively. Details of the incidents were collected from news media archives. Results. The majority of terror strikes (~80%) involved a bomb blast with the use of explosives. The victims included 148 casualties, 45 hospitalizations, 103 discharges after first aid, and 3 incidences of admission to the critical care unit. Conclusion. Using the Riyadh experience, we analyze data and the series of events in the ICU following terrorist explosions. The analysis provides important insights for the trauma unit so that it is better prepared and organized for such incidents in the future.

scholarly journals (A213) Review of the Mass Casualty Incident after a Bomb Explosion in a Crowded Restaurant

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s59-s59
Author(s):  
S.S. Shettar ◽  
K.V. Kelkar ◽  
A.V. Jamkar ◽  
Y.V. Gawali ◽  
V. Kapil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Blast Injuries ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Type Of Injury

Terror struck Pune on 13 Feb. 2010 as a powerful bomb ripped apart a popular restaurant, killing nine people and injuring more than 45. A retrospective analysis of the injury patterns was done.Materials and MethodsThe CDC template, viz. “Bomb Surveillance Form” was used for the data collection, that was analyzed by SPSS version 15 software.ResultsOf the 50 survivors transferred to the four nearby hospitals, 11 (22%) of them had severe life threatening injuries, with 19 patients (38%) having primary blast injuries, Secondary type of injury was seen in, and 22% had tertiary injuries. Orthopedic (24%) and burn injuries (36%) were prominent. The mortality rate was 16%.DiscussionThe occurrence of MCI in an unexpected scenario overwhelms the medical resources and challenges the emergency medical facilities. Analysis of the injuries revealed that fatal outcome was related to presence of shock, severe lung, bowel injury, presence of more than four types of injury and greater than 50% burns.StrengthsHighlights the importance of being able to recognize the blast injury patterns and their management.LimitationsInability to compare with other blast injuries due to several missing data.ConclusionBlast injury sustained in a small, enclosed space is one of the most serious and complicated forms of multiple trauma. Hospitals and civic authorities must be prepared to counter this menace of modem times. Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.

scholarly journals Verification of the Efficacy of the Special Water Shaped Charge Prototype

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Lichorobiec ◽  
Karla Barcova
Keyword(s):  
Shaped Charge ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

<p>On the basis of an analysis of terrorist attacks carried out worldwide, where in recent years a preference for the use of bulk explosives placed in vehicles prevails, effective protection against these malicious explosive-containing systems that have a single goal - to cause death and significant material damage in a large radius is dealt. These improvised explosive devices are, in pyrotechnical terms, ranked as one of the most effective weapons, with a highly destructive character of explosive effect. A special water shaped charge that is able to destructively disassemble a bomb without initiation has been developed as an effective invasive means of eliminating similarly designed terrorist explosives hidden in cars, a condition which allows for considerable variation in location.</p>

Dangers Related to the Use of Improvised Explosive Devices On Terrorist Attacks - Experiences and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Piotr Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Main Topic ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Human Losses

This publication describes dangers of acts of terrorism using improvised explosive devices. The basic concepts concerning the main topic were explained and selected examples of terrorist attacks were presented. Publica-tion presents a description, statistics of use, construction and types of improvised explosive devices. Finally, a proposal of reducing human losses, counterterrorism and diagnosing dangers in the future is also presented.

Postdeployment Fertility Challenges and Treatment in the Modern Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Lentscher ◽  
Joshua C. Combs ◽  
Karrie Walker ◽  
Christopher M. Young ◽  
Rebecca Chason
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Blast Injuries ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Sperm Retrieval ◽  
Female Soldier ◽  
Perineal Wounds ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

AbstractCurrent war-fighting environments have shifted dramatically over the past decade, and with this change, new types of injuries are afflicting American soldiers. Operative Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom have noted an increased use of sophisticated improvised explosive devices by adversaries. Injuries not frequently seen in previous conflict are dismounted complex blast injuries, which involve multiple proximal amputations, pelvic fractures, and extensive perineal wounds. Thus, an unforeseen consequence of the decreased mortality rate after these complex blast injuries is a new wave of U.S. service members facing the challenges of recovering from the catastrophic amputations and genitourinary injuries. New applications of sperm retrieval methods may be used in these specific populations, as they recover and wish to purse family-building goals. Spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and considerations unique to the female soldier are explored in this review of urologic care in wounded veterans.

scholarly journals Deployment Of Robot Arms With A Leader-Follower Approach For Bomb Disposal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Chau
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Robot Arms ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Bomb Disposal

<div>Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) have been developed over the years across many nations around the world. IEDs used by terrorist actions and in warfare cause devastating death, injuries and damage. To protect the public, many emergency responders have to risk their lives by performing extremely hazardous tasks such as interacting with suspected IEDs. To prevent the emergency response teams from being negatively impacted by IEDs, many different kinds of response robots have been deployed in many locations worldwide – allowing first responders a safe way to interact with these menaces from a distance. This thesis contributes to the understanding of using robot arms with a Leader–Follower (LF) approach to help humans with performing dexterous operations like those which are inevitably required for manipulating IEDs remotely. The LF approach allows operators to remotely manipulate a robot arm without putting operators’ lives in danger. By physically controlling one arm from a safe distance, operators can successfully copy its movements to a second arm. As a result, we argue, this approach can be helpful for minimizing operator risk when interacting with suspicious devices while at the same time facilitating more intuitive remote control.</div>

Utøya – Christchurch – Halle. Right-wing Extremists’ Terrorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Karolina Wojtasik
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Radical Ideology ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

The article deals with three terrorist attacks of right-wing extremists: in Norway (2011), New Zealand (2019) and Germany (2019). First, the modus operandi of perpetrators was shown and the course of each attack was analyzed. It was indicated what tactics the attackers used and why it was or was not effective. Secondly, the ideological background and motivations of the perpetrators were shown. It was possible to analyze the manifestos that the perpetrators left, and thus their way of thinking, their ideologies, and the purposes of organizing the attacks. Thirdly, issues related to the publicizing of the attacks by the perpetrators were shown. The goal of the article is to show that radical ideology of right-wing extremists (expressed in manifestos) leads to tragedies. In analyzed cases radical appointment of the perpetrators caused three deadly attacks. The article shows that the radical actions are preceded by radical speech, expressions, manifestos. The second goal is to pay attention to hate speech (also expressed in manifestos), which is just as dangerous as bullets or improvised explosive devices. The third goal is to show how the attackers used acts of terror to spread the ideologies to which they were devoted.

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