Usefulness of a DSM Criteria-Based Inventory for Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-456
Author(s):  
Benedetto Farina ◽  
Piero Venturi ◽  
Antonio Onofri ◽  
Michele Raja ◽  
Massimo Di Giannantonio
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the self-administered Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria-based inventory for the screening of post-traumatic stress disorder. Due to its low sensitivity (57%) and high specificity (88%), it could be useful as a second step of a screening procedure in combination with other validated, self-report instruments. The clinical implications of the findings and the limitations of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Caesar in Vietnam: Did Roman Soldiers Suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISLINN MELCHIOR
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) made its first appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980, partly as a result of the ongoing treatment of veterans from the Vietnam War. Although PTSD is not only or even primarily a disorder caused by combat, combat is a regular trigger and my chief concern in what follows. Therefore I will not be examining such evidence as exists for the psychological traumas of civilians in the ancient world who were exposed to violence, rape, enslavement, or the execution of family members in the context of conquest. My focus is on the soldier.

scholarly journals Preventing PTSD, depression and associated health problems in student paramedics: protocol for PREVENT-PTSD, a randomised controlled trial of supported online cognitive training for resilience versus alternative online training and standard practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. bmjopen-2018-022292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Shama El-Salahi ◽  
Gabriella Tyson ◽  
Hjördis Lorenz ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionEmergency workers dedicate their lives to promoting public health and safety, yet suffer higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) compared with the general population. They also suffer an associated increased risk for physical health problems, which may be linked to specific immunological and endocrine markers or changes in relevant markers. Poor physical and mental health is costly to organisations, the National Health Service and society. Existing interventions aimed at reducing risk of mental ill health in this population are not very successful. More effective preventative interventions are urgently needed. We first conducted a large-scale prospective study of newly recruited student paramedics, identifying two cognitive factors (rumination and resilience appraisals) that predicted episodes of PTSD and MD over a 2-year period. We then developed internet-delivered cognitive training for resilience (iCT-R), a supported online intervention, to modify cognitive predictors. This protocol is for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the resilience intervention.Methods and analysis570 student paramedics will be recruited from participating universities. They will be randomly allocated to iCT-R or to supported online training of an alternative, widely available intervention or to training-as-usual. Follow-up will occur after the intervention/standard practice period and at 6, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcomes include rates of PTSD and MD and subsydnromal PTSD and MD, measured by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, the Patient-Health Questionnaire-9 and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Secondary outcomes include measures of resilience, rumination, anxiety, psychological distress, well-being, salivary cortisol, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, smoking and alcohol use, weight gain, sleep problems, health-related quality of life, health resource utilisation and productivity.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Sciences Inter-Divisional Research Ethics Committee at the University of Oxford granted approval, reference: R44116/RE001. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Access to raw data and participant information will be available only to members of the research team.Trial registration numberISRCTN16493616; Pre-results.

PTSD As Portrayed in Finn’s The Woman in The Window and Murakami’s Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage: A Comparative Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
Adil Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Post Traumatic

This thesis is entitled “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder as Portrayed in A.J. Finn’s Novel The Woman in the Window and Haruki Murakami’s Novel Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage: A Comparative Literature Analysis”. The writer is interested in analyzing the two novels because they have the same motive is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In this thesis the writer uses two novels as the object, there is The Woman in the Window (2018) from England and Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (2013) from Japan. This study aims to find out how Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is portrayed in the two literary works and to find the affinities and differences regarding the issue in forms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that the main characters are suffering from using Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder‘s theory by American Psychiatric Association through the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Both main characters of the two literary works, Anna Fox and Tsukuru Tazaki are suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The study also involves looking at the intrinsic elements to look at the affinities and differences found in the two literary works. In completing the analysis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which represents all the data in the forms of words and sentences. The writer collects data from various sources including The Woman in the Window by A.J. Finn, Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki, and His Years of Pilgrimage by Haruki Murakami, relevant books, articles, and journals to support the analysis. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the two literary works show affinities and differences regarding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that is experienced by the two main characters of both literary works.  

scholarly journals THE SYRIAN WAR AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 870-876
Author(s):  
Eid G. Abo Hamza ◽  
Majd A. Gharib A. M. ◽  
Rami A. Gharib ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Syrian Conflict

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic distress disorder (PTSD) amongst Syrian whom lived in under the war.  Methodology: The study has utilized a survey to observe the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Syrian people who lived inside Syria during the Syrian conflict The survey uses the PTSD checklist for civilians (PCL-C), which measures both the severity of PTSD and the 3 symptoms of it in accordance with “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-IV) that are re-experiencing; avoidance; and hyperarousal. A sample of 600 random Syrian people participated in the current study.   Findings: The PTSD test results show a widespread of the trauma in Syria based on the result of the test as 53percent of the participants had symptoms corresponding to the recommended diagnosis, which is expected due to horrors of war and terrorism-related events. Implications: Results suggest that it is imperative to provide intervention programs to treat PTSD symptoms among people who live in Syria. The participants' cultural and religious backgrounds should be taken into account in these programs. The originality of the Study: This Syrian war research has contributed to a spike in symptoms of PTSD and depression among children in Syria.

scholarly journals Two Rapid Screens for Detecting Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Interpersonal Violence Exposure: Predictive Utility in a Juvenile Justice Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damion J. Grasso ◽  
Christine Doyle ◽  
Ron Koon
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Post Traumatic

The Trauma-Related Symptoms and Impairment Rapid Screen (TSIRS) and the Dimensions of Violence Exposure Rapid Screen (DVERS) are two new tools designed to detect traumatic stress symptoms and high-risk characteristics of trauma exposure. Each screen contains 10 yes-or-no questions and is estimated to take approximately 2 min to complete. The rapid screens were developed to address the demand for efficient, effective, and user-friendly tools for use in settings where universal screening of trauma and related symptoms is recommended, but training and expertise in clinical assessment are generally lacking or absent. The purpose of the current study was to examine the predictive utility of the TSIRS and DVERS in detecting probable post-traumatic stress disorder and poly-victimization assessed via a validated self-report instrument. Data were collected on a sample of 218 detained adolescents. Results provide initial support for the predictive utility of the TSIRS and DVERS in a justice-involved sample.

Treating post-traumatic stress disorder in the ‘real world’: evaluation of a specialist trauma service and adaptations to standard treatment approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Lab ◽  
Ines Santos ◽  
Felicity de Zulueta
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Service ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims and MethodTo evaluate the effectiveness of treatment at the Traumatic Stress Service (TSS) by comparing pre- and post-treatment scores on patient self-report measures. Through a questionnaire survey, to explore therapists' views of problems presenting in addition to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and how, as a result, they adapted their approach to trauma work.ResultsTherapists reported that their patients present with a range of complex problems, and self-report measures show that patients suffer particularly high levels of psychopathology. Therapists identified a number of adaptations to trauma-focused work to deal with these additional problems. Of the 112 patients who completed therapy, 43% filled in pre- and post-treatment questionnaire measures. Analysis showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in levels of PTSD, depression and social functioning.Clinical ImplicationsThe typical presentation of trauma survivors is often not ‘simple’ PTSD, but PTSD resulting from chronic and multiple traumas and complicated by additional psychological and social difficulties. Adaptations to trauma-focused work can successfully treat such ‘complex’ PTSD.

scholarly journals Investigation of relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and quality of life among firefighters in Birjand City at 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sadeghi khorashad ◽  
E Rezaieyan ◽  
A Abdolahnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction: Firefighters are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that Quality of Life (QoL) is seriously compromised in individuals who have PTSD. This study was designed to assess the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorders and quality of life among firefighters. Materials and Methods: In this analytical and cross-sectional study, all firefighters in Birjand city were selected by census method (N = 96) in 2018. PTSD and QoL status was assessed by the Persian version of the Mississippi (Eshel) and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, respectively. Using Cronbach's α, the Iranian version of these two scales' internal reliability has been reported to be 0.92 and more than 0.7, respectively. Data analysis using SPSS software version 21 and independent T-test, ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that most firefighters (70.5%) were suffered from moderate PTSD symptoms (79.2± 11.7). Based on the self-report scale, 53.7% of the firefighters rated their quality of life as Good, and 43.2% of the firefighters were satisfied with their health. Statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between PTSD score and areas of mental health (P = 0.03), social relations (P = 0.002), and environmental health (P = 0.004). Between PTSD score and physical health, no statistically significant relationship was found (P = 0.08). Conclusion: This study has proven a high rate of PTSD among firefighters and its negative correlation with the quality of their life. However, most firefighters rated their health and quality of life as good. Implementing strategies to combat mental disorders among firefighters improves the quality of their life and increases their job productivity.

scholarly journals GEROFIT: IMPACT ON PTSD SYMPTOMS AMONG PARTICIPATING VETERANS WITH SELF-REPORTED PTSD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
Cathy Lee ◽  
Rebecca Melrose ◽  
Erin Blanchard ◽  
Stacy Wilkins ◽  
Steven Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Negative Feelings

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk of medical comorbidities in aging. The Gerofit Program is an exercise program for older Veterans that shows efficacy for physical health. We sought to determine its impact on PTSD. Veterans in Gerofit completed a self-report questionnaire at 3 and 6 months assessing effect of Gerofit on: PTSD symptoms generally, disturbing dreams, avoidance, negative feelings, and irritability. Two hundred twenty-nine Veterans completed the questionnaire. Of these, 56 (24.5%) reported PTSD. None reported worsened PTSD following Gerofit participation. At 3 months, >50% of Veterans reported symptom improvement and this was maintained over 6 months for all items (p>0.05 paired t-test). There was an increase between 3 and 6 months in the percentage who reported “improved a lot” for overall symptoms (16.7% to 22.2%), negative feelings (5.6% to 11.1%) and irritability (0% to 11.1%). Gerofit may offer an effective intervention to improve PTSD symptoms in older Veterans.

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AFTER MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Fecteau ◽  
Richard Nicki
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other reactions including driving phobias and depression have in recent years been clearly identified as common motor vehicle accident (MVA) sequelae. To date, no treatment outcome data exist for PTSD following MVA beyond case study reports and one pilot investigation. The present study reports on the first randomized control trial for PTSD following MVA. Twenty volunteer participants who had motor vehicle accidents resulting in physical injury requiring medical attention and PTSD were recruited through rehabilitation service providers, other psychologists, community physicians, and lawyers. Assessments included a structured interview for diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale) by an independent rater, a range of self-report symptom questionnaires and a behavioural test wherein they had their heart rate and subjective distress measured in reaction to idiosyncratic audio descriptions of their accident. Participants were randomly assigned to eight to ten hours of individual cognitive-behavioural therapy (n=10) or to a wait list control group (n=10). Treatment included education about post-trauma reactions, relaxation training, exposure therapy with cognitive restructuring and instruction for self-directed graduated behaviour practice. Results demonstrated statistically and clinically significant treatment effects across structured interviews, self-report questionnaires and the behavioural test. Treatment gains were maintained over a 6 month follow-up using self-report questionnaires.

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