scholarly journals Surveillance and Control of Threats in the Public Health System in Brazil: Mapping Managers’ Competencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s37-s37
Author(s):  
Marcio Haubert Da Silva ◽  
Alessandro Albini ◽  
Regina Rigatto Witt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health System ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Introduction:With the increase in the number and intensity of disasters, integrated risk management has been a subject of discussion in Brazilian health system, in which the local level plays an important role. Competency Mapping of Managers working at a Municipal Health Office from a Metropolitan Area of Curitiba, Southern Brazil was developed.Aim:To describe gaps in core competencies identified for Surveillance and Control of Risks and Threats.Methods:The Public Health Core Competencies contained in the booklet: A Regional Framework for the Americas, of the Pan American Health Organization, originated a semi-structured self-assessment questionnaire. A Likert scale with levels of proficiency (from one to five) was aggregated to the 56 specific core competencies. It was applied to a sample of 78 managers between the months of October 2017 and January 2018. The data obtained were submitted to quantitative analysis. Gaps (Training Priority Degree) were defined according to the grade of importance and expression by means of a arithmetic mean and standard deviation.Results:Gaps were identified for the competencies: Design disaster risk management plans for natural, technological and biological threats so as to mitigate their impact on health (2.82 ± 1.16); Design investment projects for reducing the health risks of disasters (2.8 ±1.07); Provide an immediate response to threats, risks and damage from disasters based on the risk assessment, in order to protect health (2.89 ± 1.13); Plan and execute post-disaster reconstruction, based on the damage identified for the immediate restoration and protection of the population’s health (2.81 ± 1.11).Discussion:The degree of expression for these competencies indicate the need of preparing public health managers for surveillance, by monitoring the exposure of people or population groups to environmental agents, or their effects with an integrated approach to injuries and the etiology of emergencies and disasters.

Construction and improvement of the public health system in conditions of normalization of epidemic prevention and control (on the example of PRC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
D. Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Of Epidemics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Great Victory

New coronavirus pneumonia has had a significant impact on people's health and safety since the outbreak in the early 2020. The latest version of the new coronavirus pneumonia virus is still spreading around the world. China's public health system has passed a severe test: under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the joint efforts of people of all ethnic groups, China won a great victory in the anti-epidemic campaign. Nevertheless, the public health system has also identified some challenges that need to be actively addressed in the area of medicine and health during the prevention and control of epidemics. This article deals with these issues.

scholarly journals Patient Safety in Complementary Medicine through the Application of Clinical Risk Management in the Public Health System

Medicines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Rossi ◽  
Tommaso Bellandi ◽  
Marco Picchi ◽  
Sonia Baccetti ◽  
Maria Monechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health System ◽  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Clinical Risk Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clinical Risk

scholarly journals Public Health Observatories in England: recent transformations and continuing the legacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Organization ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Public Health Observatories (PHOs) were created in England in 2000 as an important adjunct to the public health system in the country. The observatories were networked together, which allowed pooling of expertise and rapid dissemination of methods and results. The network grew to include the whole of the UK and Ireland and was a very successful force for change until PHOs were subsumed into the new Government Agency Public Health Organization, Public Health England. This paper describes the lessons learnt from their existence in the public health system in England for fourteen years.

Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Public Health Framework for Action

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dietz ◽  
Alicia S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has focused its obesity prevention and control efforts on improving population-level health. A recent Institute of Medicine report identified systems that affect population health, to include health care delivery systems, schools, businesses and employers, communities, and governmental public health infrastructure. CDC uses the public health model to engage these systems, and this process coordinates multiple settings, sectors, and jurisdictions to develop an integrated approach to identify, prevent, and control obesity. The public health approach goes beyond medical care to prioritize policy and environmental strategies that can be implemented across jurisdictional levels, in collaboration with traditional and nontraditional partners. The process ultimately produces tools, guidelines, and interventions that can be used to prevent and control obesity. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the public health perspective on obesity, outline the public health framework for addressing obesity, and discuss the rationale for leveraging law-based efforts as a tool to accomplish the public health mission.

scholarly journals Challenges and lessons learned in promoting adoption of standardized local public health service delivery data through the application of the Public Health Activities and Services Tracking model

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1660-1663
Author(s):  
Betty Bekemeier ◽  
Seungeun Park ◽  
Greg Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tracking Model

Abstract Population-level prevention activities are often publicly invisible and excluded in planning and policymaking. This creates an incomplete picture of prevention service-related inputs, particularly at the local level. We describe the process and lessons learned by the Public Health Activities and Services Tracking team in promoting adoption of standardized service delivery measures developed to assess public health inputs and guide system transformations. The 3 factors depicted in our Public Health Activities and Services Tracking model—data need and use, data access, and standardized measures—must be realized to promote collection of standard public health system data. Bureaucratic, resource, system, and policy challenges hampered our efforts toward adoption of the standardized measures we promoted. Substantial investments of time, resources, and coordination appear necessary for systems to adopt changes needed for collecting comparable service delivery data. Lessons from our process of promoting adoption of standardized measures provide recommendations to support future efforts to measure public health system contributions to the public’s health.

scholarly journals Governance Capability of the Public Health System: A Comparative Analysis of the Control of COVID-19 in the Different Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4210
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Fang ◽  
Fen Zhang ◽  
Chenyu Zhou ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

At the beginning of 2020, the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 posed a huge challenge to the governance capabilities of public health in various countries. In this paper, the SEIR model is used to fit the number of confirmed cases in each province in China, and the reduction rate of the basic reproduction number is used to measure the actual score of the control effect of COVID-19. The potential capacity of prevention and control of epidemics, in theory, is constructed, and we use the difference between theoretical ability and actual score to measure the ability of governance of public health. We found that there were significant differences between actual effect and theoretical ability in various regions, and governance capabilities were an important reason leading to this difference, which was not consistent with the level of economic development. The balance of multiple objectives, the guiding ideology of emphasizing medical treatment over prevention, the fragmentation of the public health system, and the insufficiency of prevention and control ability in primary public health systems seriously affected the government’s ability to respond to public health emergencies.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of the distribution of doctors in municipalities of extreme poverty in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B L O Luizeti ◽  
E M M Massuda ◽  
L F G Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Shortage Of Doctors ◽  
Demographic Distribution

Abstract In view of the national scenario of scarcity of material and human resources in public health in Brazil, the survey verified the demographics of doctors who attend the Unified Health System (SUS) in municipalities of extreme poverty. An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out, based on secondary quantitative data from the Department of Informatics of the SUS using the TABNET of December 2019. The care networks variable was restricted to infer the number of physicians who attend the SUS in extreme poverty municipalities in Brazil. Municipalities of extreme poverty are those that at least 20% of the population have a household income of up to 145 reais per capita monthly. In Brazil, there are 1526 municipalities in extreme poverty, 27.4% of the country's total municipalities. 14,907 doctors linked to SUS work in this condition, 3.19% of the total of these professionals in Brazil. There is still disproportion between regions: North concentrates 11.2% of the municipalities in extreme poverty and 8.61% of the total number of doctors; Northeast, with 61.33% of these municipalities, for 61.5% of doctors; Southeast, with 15.46% of the municipalities in this condition, has 20.6% of doctors; South concentrates 10.87% of the municipalities under discussion with 5.61% of doctors and the Midwest, with 4.87% of these municipalities, has 3.54% of doctors. Between 2009 and 2018, there was a 39% increase in the number of doctors in these locations, however, for 2019, there was a decrease of 3.89%. The medical demographic distribution in Brazil is uneven, especially in the North. There is also the vulnerability of this population in view of the observed reduction in the number of professionals between 2018 and 2019 in municipalities of extreme poverty, for political reasons. It is evident the need to restructure the health system to guarantee access to health for this population, through the attraction and fixation of doctors in needy regions in Brazil. Key messages Shortage of doctors in extreme poverty municipalities reinforces the health vulnerability of the population in Brazil. The uneven medical demography in Brazil requires restructuring in the public health system.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Julien Claude ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Julien Cappelle ◽  
Anamika Kritiyakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additive Modeling ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M Burkle ◽  
Christopher M Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

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