scholarly journals “RELATIVE MOVEMENTS OF REAL WAGES AND OUTPUT”—HOW DOES KEYNES’S 1939 ESSAY RELATE TO HIS THEORY OF EFFECTIVE DEMAND?

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Do So

John Maynard Keynes’s essay “Relative Movements of Real Wages and Output” is widely believed to be an important amendment to his General Theory because, in this essay, Keynes relaxed his core assumption of decreasing marginal returns to labor. I discuss the reasons that prompted Keynes to do so and then examine the consequences of replacing decreasing with non-decreasing returns for the model of effective demand from chapter 3 of the General Theory. I conclude that non-decreasing marginal returns do not sit comfortably with the principle of effective demand. The view that Keynes’s 1939 essay constitutes an important amendment to his General Theory has thus to be put into perspective.

scholarly journals Análise crítica da teoria dos direitos humanos na obra de Michel Villey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rabay Guerra ◽  
Henrique Jerônimo Bezerra Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Theory ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Intrinsic Contradiction ◽  
Do So

RESUMOEste artigo tem por objeto a Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey. Seu objetivo é apresentar uma contestação à alegação de Michel Villey de que os direitos humanos não podem ser considerados Direito. Para tanto, realiza uma apresentação da Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey, passando pela criação dos direitos humanos em Thomas Hobbes, a inversão de objetivos dos direitos humanos em John Locke e a expansão dos direitos humanos em Christian Wolff. Em seguida passa a apresentar a crítica de Michel Villey aos direitos humanos e as falhas deste autor ao realizar suas acusações, haja vista a possibilidade de solução das contradições (colisões) entre os direitos humanos, além de que não se pode confundir o critério de validade da norma com sua eficácia. O trabalho conclui pela juridicidade dos direitos humanos ao demonstrar que a suposta contradição não seria razão para retirar esta qualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEFilosofia do Direito. Direitos Humanos. Michel Villey. ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey. Its purpose is to present a challenge to Michel Villeys’ claim that human rights are not legal norms. To do so, the text presents the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey, including the creation of human rights by Thomas Hobbes, the changing perspective attributed to John Locke and the numerical expansion of human rights attributed to Christian Wolff. The text then presents Michel Villeys’ critics of human rights and the problems with those critics; specifically, that the given conflicts between norms aren’t sufficient to declare that they aren’t legal norms, other than that, the text points that in his critics Michel Villey confuses the concepts of validity of the norm with its effectiveness. The work concludes that human rights are legal norms and its supposed intrinsic contradiction is not sufficient to withdraw this quality.KEYWORDSPhilosophy of Law. Human Rights. Michel Villey.

Domestic Territories and the Little Humans: Understanding the Animation of Domesticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mubi Brighenti ◽  
Mattias Kärrholm
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Expressive Dimension ◽  
Do So

Domesticity is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon. In this piece, we approach it from the point of view of a general theory of territories. To do so, we attempt to tackle simultaneously the ecological and spiritual dimensions of home by attending the expressive dimension of domesticity. We emphasize that the expressiveness of home inherently includes the register of the familiar as well as that of the unfamiliar (Freud’s unheimlich). The constant negotiations between these two registers can be appreciated as carried out at the limits of control. To highlight this fact, we focus on the case of the “little humans,” miniature humanoid creatures well attested in traditional mythologies and folk tales across different civilizations. Drawing from anthropological and ethnographic literature, yet with a leading interest in social–spatial theorizing, we seek to untangle the relations between humans and the little humans—these “elusive others” living with us—in order to clarify the deep meanings ingrained in domestic territories.

“Women In Jokes”: A Linguistic Analysis of Jokes on Pakistani Social Media in Light of the General Theory of Verbal Humour

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Saira Rashad ◽  
Musarrat Azher
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Do So

 Social relations of power are established and negotiated through discourse and joke telling is one strategy among many to do so. The present study is an attempt to examine the representation of women in jokes, circulated on Pakistani social media, by addressing four themes: representation of women in general, women exercising skills/intellect, women as life partners and representation of teenage girls/young women. The study employs the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) by Attardo & Raskin (1991) as a theoretical framework. From different social media sources like Facebook and Whatsapp, twenty jokes pertaining to women have been selected randomly and analysed on the basis of the GTVH's six knowledge resources. The study reflects the realization that women are represented as talkative and ignorant beings, devoid of intellect; women as life partners are shown to be domineering and intimidating figures, and the representation of teenage girls/young women reinforces stereotypes circulated by patriarchy discourse. The significance of this work lies in the assumption that systematically analysing jokes about women may help in exposing casual sexism and empower women by provoking them to question instead of internalizing the stereotypes circulated through jokes.

scholarly journals Retrospectives: Real and Money Wage Rates

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Common View ◽  
Money Wage ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Money Illusion

In the General Theory, John Maynard Keynes held money and real wage rates move in opposite directions. In expansion, prices increase faster because of increasing costs and a rise in the proportion of product going to profits. Neoclassical economists held similarly. Money illusion of workers supported their common view. The author's 1938 article rather showed a procyclical pattern, significant to macroeconomic models of the economy. Contemporary literature with new elements of compensation and new measures of wages supports a slightly procyclical relationship. Increased output and employment in expansion do not require lower real wages.

scholarly journals The place of The General Theory in the economics canon

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Constantinos Repapis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economic Advice

This paper presents in non-technical language an interpretation of the argument of The General Theory, which is the importance of effective demand and its relation to human agency. It argues that The General Theory is not only a treatise on economic theory, but also, and more importantly, a treatise on methodology, i.e. how economists should reason when dealing with the complexity of the real world. Implicit in this analysis is a distinct position on the remit of the economist and the nature of economic advice and policy. This interpretation suggests that this understanding forms a new paradigm of thinking about the economy at large, centred around the concept of uncertainty. This insight developed into a new analytical tradition in economics, the Post Keynesian School of economic thought that sees uncertainty and effective demand as the key analytical long term concepts for understanding how the economy evolves through time.

scholarly journals The Me-File: An Event-Coding Approach to Self-Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hommel
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Event File ◽  
Theory Of Event Coding ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Do So

Numerous authors have taken it for granted that people represent themselves or even have something like “a self”, but the underlying mechanisms remain a mystery. How do people represent themselves? Here I propose that they do so not any differently from how they represent other individuals, events, and objects: by binding codes representing the sensory consequences of being oneself into a Me-File, that is, into an event file integrating all the codes resulting from the behaving me. This amounts to a Humean bundle-self theory of selfhood, and I will explain how recent extensions of the Theory of Event Coding, a general theory of human perception and action control, provide all the necessary ingredients for specifying the mechanisms underlying such a theory. The Me-File concept is likely to provide a useful mechanistic basis for more specific and more theoretically productive experimentation, as well as for the construction of artificial agents with human-like selves.

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