scholarly journals Forage Outsourcing in the Dairy Sector: The Extent of Use and Impact on Farm Profitability

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gillespie ◽  
Richard Nehring ◽  
Carmen Sandretto ◽  
Charles Hallahan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
Using Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Agricultural Resource Management Survey

The extent of forage purchasing behavior in milk production and its impact on profitability are analyzed using data from the 2000 and 2005 dairy versions of the Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Forage outsourcing is more common with hay than with silage and haylage, and is more prevalent in the western United States. Though silage and haylage outsourcing is found to impact profitability, the major profitability drivers appear to be farm size and efficiency. Evidence of significant forage contracting is found in the western United States.

scholarly journals Dynamic impacts of farm-level technology adoption on the Brazilian dairy supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Rozemberg Peixoto Simões ◽  
Charles Frederick Nicholson ◽  
Andrew M. Novakovic ◽  
Roberto Max Protil
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
Supply Relationship ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
On Farm

Agricultural technology adoption that increases individual firm productivity is generally assumed to improve competitiveness and profitability. However, technology that is adopted by many firms in an industry can shift the basic supply relationship, increasing total production while lowering farm prices. While generally beneficial to consumers, this result can reduce (or completely offset) benefits for farmers, especially late or non-adopters. Our objective is to assess the market dynamics of alternative assumptions about exogenous productivity-enhancing technology adoption by Brazilian dairy farms. Of particular interest is the distributional impact on farm incomes and on the proportion of milk production for different farm size classes. To achieve this objective, we developed an empirical System Dynamics model that evaluates market and farm profitability impacts from 2006 to 2016. We simulated six counterfactual scenarios comprising three rates of adoption (slow, medium and fast) by two farm size categories (small and large). Technology adoption impact differs in the short- and long-term and depending on the assumed rates and farm sizes. Non-adopters of technology can experience lower incomes and a smaller production and income shares when other farms adopt. The underlying causal structure of farm profitability and the herd management decisions suffices to explain the potential market exclusion of non-adopting farms (especially small-scale farms) when others adopt.

scholarly journals Market Power in Poultry Production Contracting? Evidence from a Farm Survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. MacDonald ◽  
Nigel Key
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Production Contracts ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Agricultural Resource Management Survey

The exercise of market power by broiler processing firms (integrators) is plausible because local markets for growers are concentrated and because growers face hold-up risks arising from substantial investments in specific assets set against limited integrator purchase commitments. This article explores the links between local integrator concentration and grower compensation under production contracts using data from the 2006 broiler version of the USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Results of this study, which account for characteristics of the operation and specific features of the production contract, suggest that greater integrator concentration results in a small but economically meaningful reduction in grower compensation.

scholarly journals Nature of the Farm: Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Elliott ◽  
Harvey S. James
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Incentive Contracts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Grain Farms ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Least Squares Approach

We empirically test separation of ownership and control (SOC) and the interaction of SOC with farmer effort on farm success using data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey. We use a two-stage least-squares approach with instrumental variables that proxy for participation constraints in binding incentive contracts. We find that the interaction has a significantly positive effect on success for grain farms and an insignificant effect for livestock farms. The results are consistent with hypotheses by Allen and Lueck (1998), but our model predicts that farms with SOC are likely to be more successful than farms without SOC despite exogenous uncertainty and agency costs.

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations between milk production and conformation traits in goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Valencia Posadas ◽  
José Eleazar Barboza-Corona ◽  
César Andrés Ángel-Sahagún ◽  
Abner Josué Gutiérrez-Chávez ◽  
Oscar Alejandro Martínez-Jaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Side View ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Using Data

In this work, we use the records from 643 goats in order to evaluate the phenotypic relationships between conformation traits and milk production in goats. Correlations were estimated using data on goats which included fifteen conformation traits and first lactation milk yield adjusted for age, calving month and 305 milking days (MY1). We also compared the average scores for type traits on the goats under study with those on a sample of goats from the United States of America (USA). Correlations between conformation traits and MY1 were estimated and an analysis was performed to evaluate the nonlinear relationships between them. The highest correlations were found between milk production and udder depth (–0.22), stature (0.18) and rear udder side view (0.12) (p < 0.05), non-linear (cubic) effects for stature and strength being significant (p < 0.05). American goats had a better overall conformation than the Mexican ones but results indicated that goats with better body conformation were not the best for milk production.

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF STONE WEAPON TIP STANDARDIZATION DURING THE CLOVIS–FOLSOM TRANSITION IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briggs Buchanan ◽  
Brian Andrews ◽  
Michael J. O'Brien ◽  
Metin I. Eren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adequate Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Capture Point

It has long been assumed that Folsom points are more standardized than Clovis points, although an adequate test of this proposition has yet to be undertaken. Here, we address that deficiency by using data from a sample of Folsom and Clovis points recovered from sites across the western United States. We used geometric morphometric techniques to capture point shape and then conducted statistical analyses of variability associated with Clovis and Folsom point bases and blades. Our results demonstrate that Folsom bases and blades are less variable than those on earlier Clovis points, indicating an increase in point standardization during the Early Paleoindian period. In addition, despite published claims to the contrary, Clovis and Folsom point bases are no more variable than blades. Based on these results, we conducted additional analyses to examine the modularity and size of Clovis and Folsom points. The results suggest Clovis points have more integrated base and blade segments than Folsom points. We suggest that several classes of Clovis points—intended for different functions—might have been in use during the Clovis period and that the later Folsom points might have served only as weapon tips, the shape of which were constrained by the fluting process.

scholarly journals Patterns and trends in simultaneous wildfire activity in the United States from 1984 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Harry Podschwit ◽  
Alison Cullen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Using Data

The simultaneous occurrence of wildfire can hinder firefighting effectiveness via multiple mechanisms that might explain historical resource demand trends. We validate this hypothesis by using data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project to determine if simultaneous wildfire occurrence is correlated with preparedness levels and examine potential changes in simultaneous wildfire activity over the 1984–2015 record. We explore patterns that are helpful for predicting simultaneous wildfire, such as seasonal variability in simultaneity, cross-regional correlations and models of simultaneous wildfire occurrence based on dryness and lightning indicators. We show that simultaneous wildfire is at least as correlated with preparedness levels as other burned area measures and identify changes in simultaneous wildfire occurrence within the western and southern United States. Seasonal variation and spatial autocorrelation in simultaneous wildfire occurrence provide evidence of coupling of wildfire activity in portions of the western United States. Best-approximating models of simultaneity suggest that high levels of simultaneous wildfire often coincided with low fuel moisture and high levels of lightning occurrence. Model uncertainty was high in some contexts but, with only a few exceptions, there was strong evidence that the best model should include both a dryness and lightning indicator.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

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