scholarly journals Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswo N. Poudel ◽  
Krishna P. Paudel ◽  
Keshav Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Specification Tests ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curves ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study utilized a semiparametric panel model to estimate environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in 15 Latin American countries, using hitherto unused data on forestry acreage in each country. Results showed an N-shaped curve for the region; however, the shape of the curve is sensitive to the removal of some groups of countries. Specification tests support a semiparametric panel model over a parametric quadratic specification.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Quality: Revisiting the EKC in Latin American Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12651
Author(s):  
Wilman-Santiago Ochoa-Moreno ◽  
Byron Alejandro Quito ◽  
Carlos Andrés Moreno-Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this study we aim to test the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on carbon emissions (CO2) in 20 Latin American countries during the period of 1990–2018. Based on the atlas method of the World Bank, we divided the countries into three groups according to their real gross national income per capita: high-income, upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. We used cointegration techniques and causality tests to evaluate the relationship between the variables. To assess the strength of the cointegration vector, we applied the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLSs) model for individual countries and the dynamic panel ordinary least squares (PDOLSs) model for groups of countries. The results suggest that the entry of FDI into Latin American (LA) countries increases CO2 emissions, affecting the environmental quality. These findings disagree with the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis but, in contrast, they are in line with the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). Moreover, we show evidence in long-term equilibrium relationship between FDI input and CO2 emissions, which is not the case for the short-term equilibrium. Some additional results suggest that FDI flows do not cause the CO2 emissions in LA countries. The empirical findings suggest policymakers to design policies to “the second-best theory”, targeting FDI flows to their economies to solve economic problems in the short term, but thereafter they may guarantee the reduction in environmental pollution, based on environmentally responsible FDI and stronger regulations. In other words, the transition from a pollution haven to the applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). This study contributes with scarce empirical evidence for LA countries in this issue.

Reformulating the tourism-extended environmental Kuznets curve: A quantile regression analysis under environmental legal conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662091255
Author(s):  
Natalia Porto ◽  
Matías Ciaschi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Latin American Countries

This work aims to empirically study the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in a model that takes into account the tourism sector. We use two novel approaches in this framework: an own developed environmental legal index and an instrumental quantile regression methodology. Our study comprises 18 Latin American countries between 1995 and 2013. We have found that tourism activity causes carbon emissions increases but, because of the restrictions imposed by environmental regulations, further tourism activity can mitigate these adverse environmental effects, mainly in high-polluted countries. These results suggest a step forward in the tourism-extended EKC estimations: they indicate the need for analysis considering the heterogeneities in environmental conditions across countries and the role of environmental regulation within this framework.

scholarly journals Drivers of CO2-Emissions in Fossil Fuel Abundant Settings: (Pooled) Mean Group and Nonparametric Panel Analyses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkhan Richard Sadik-Zada ◽  
Wilhelm Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita

The present inquiry addresses the income-environment relationship in oil-producing countries and scrutinizes the further drivers of atmospheric pollution in the respective settings. The existing literature that tests the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within the framework of the black-box approaches provides only a bird’s-eye perspective on the long-run income-environment relationship. The aspiration behind this study is making the first step toward the disentanglement of the sources of carbon dioxide emissions, which could be employed in the pollution mitigation policies of this group of countries. Based on the combination of two strands of literature, the environmental Kuznets curve conjecture and the resource curse, the paper at hand proposes an augmented theoretical framework of this inquiry. To approach the research questions empirically, the study employs advanced panel cointegration techniques. To avoid econometric misspecification, the study also employs for the first time a nonparametric time-varying coefficient panel data estimator with fixed effects (NPFE) for the dataset of 37 oil-producing countries in the time interval spanning between 1989 and 2019. The empirical analysis identifies the level of per capita income, the magnitude of oil rents, the share of fossil fuel-based electricity generation in the energy mix, and the share of the manufacturing sector in GDP as essential drivers of carbon dioxide emissions in the oil-rich countries. Tertiarization, on the contrary, leads to a substantial reduction of emissions. Another striking result of this study is that level of political rights and civil liberties are negatively associated with per capita carbon emissions in this group of countries. Furthermore, the study decisively rejects an inverted U-shaped income-emission relationship and validates the monotonically or exponentially increasing impact of average income on carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyeok Kim ◽  
Hyungwoo Lim ◽  
Ha-Hyun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Robustness Check

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO2 emissions, for the robustness check.

Introduction to the environmental Kuznets curve special issue

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD B. BARBIER
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curves

This special issue is concerned with environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) - the hypothesis that there is an ‘inverted-U’ relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and levels of per capita income. Explanations as to why environmental degradation should first increase then decline with income have focused on a number of underlying relationships, including:the effects of structural economic change on the use of the environment for resource inputs and to assimilate waste;the link between the demand for environmental quality and income;types of environmental degradation and ecological processes.

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