Re-examining environmental Kuznets curve for China’s city-level carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO2 emissions, for the robustness check.

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The Underground Economy and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2802 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhimin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Underground Economy ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Co2 Intensity ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

China’S Economy

China aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity by 40–45% compared to its level in 2005 by 2020. The underground economy accounts for a significant proportion of China’s economy, but is not included in official statistics. Therefore, the nexus of CO2 and the underground economy in China is worthy of exploration. To this end, this paper identifies the extent to which the underground economy affects CO2 emissions through the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2016. Many studies have focused on the quantification of the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic development. However, the insights provided by those studies have generally ignored the underground economy. With full consideration of the scale of the underground economy, this research concludes that similar to previous studies, the inversely N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) still holds for the income-CO2 nexus in China. Furthermore, a threshold regression analysis shows that the structural and technological effects are environment-beneficial and drive the EKC downward by their threshold effects. The empirical techniques in this paper can also be applied for similar research on other emerging economies that are confronted with the difficulties of achieving sustainable development.

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Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800002522 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 13-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Biswo N. Poudel ◽

Krishna P. Paudel ◽

Keshav Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Latin American ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Specification Tests ◽

Panel Model ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curves ◽

Latin American Countries

This study utilized a semiparametric panel model to estimate environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in 15 Latin American countries, using hitherto unused data on forestry acreage in each country. Results showed an N-shaped curve for the region; however, the shape of the curve is sensitive to the removal of some groups of countries. Specification tests support a semiparametric panel model over a parametric quadratic specification.

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Management of Environmental Performance and Impact of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth in the GCC Countries

Marketing and Management of Innovations ◽

10.21272/mmi.2019.4-20 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 252-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Dkhili ◽

L. B. Dhiab

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Integration Test

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue the Management of Environmental Performance and the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) on the Economic Growth, with an innovative study in the context of the GCC countries. The main goal of the paper is to examine empirically the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the GCC countries. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of the emission of the CO2 on the Growth Economic and environmental performance. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a dynamic panel modeling on a sample of the GCC countries during the period of 2002-2018. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of the reaction of the development of the Environmental Performance with the level of the the Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and the economic growth. The study employed a GMM model system. Subsequently, the authors displayed a Panel Co-integration test of Pedroni (2004), the Kao Residual Co-integration test (1999), and the Granger causality tests. The results found unidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and the entire variable of the sample, except the variable CO2 emission. These relationships are statistically significant at the level of 5%. For the relation between Economic Growth and CO2 emission, one the hypothesis of the paper was checking a non-significant and unidirectional relationship. The results showed a long-run unidirectional causality between the variables and implied that Economic Growth in the GCC countries has a positive and significant unidirectional relation with Environment Performance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and investment. The results confirm the existence of a negative relationship as insignificant, and unidirectional, between economic growth and CO2 emissions in the GCC countries. Finally, this finding doesn’t support the validity of the EKC hypothesis and provide information's to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the environmental performance and limit the average of the CO2 emissions. The results of the research can be useful for the GCC countries to avoid the higher level of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and maintain a good Environmental Performance. Keywords: environmental performance, Environmental Kuznets Curve, CO2 emissions.

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Economy and Pollution by CO2 Emissions - Kuznets Environmental Curve in Asia Pacific Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-434217/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Francisco Ortiz-Paniagua ◽

Mario Nuno Mata ◽

Mario Gómes ◽

José Moleiro Martins ◽

Juan González-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Asia Pacific Region ◽

Commercial Activity ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The economies of the Asia Pacific region (APEC) are among the most dynamic, with the highest levels of commercial activity and environmental degradation in the world. One way to study trends in the relationship between the economy and pollution is the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This perspective assumed that in the long-term, higher levels of wealth would be achieve lower pollution levels. The aim was analyze whether the EKC behavior occurs for the APEC economies. The method used was an econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP. The results showed stationary unit root in first differences, this suggest the presence of EKC behavior was explained with a high probability level that the GDP coefficient would reach an inflection point to become negative and significant.

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Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis In Yemen

Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences ◽

10.31272/ijes2021.68.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (68) ◽

pp. 42-58

Author(s):

Essa Alhannom ◽

Ghaleb Mushabab

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Per Capita ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Yemen and the causal relationships between Carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness, and industrial share to GDP. ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model, and Toda-Yamamoto procedure to Granger causality techniques were employed on annual data covering the period from 1990 to 2010. long run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants with significant effects for per capita GDP and trade openness, whereas, energy consumption and trade openness appear to be important determinants of CO2 emissions in the short run. Besides, based on Narayan and Narayan (2010) approach, it is found that the EKC hypothesis does not hold in Yemen and therefore the effect of per capita income on CO2 emissions is monotonically increasing. Toda-Yamamoto causality test proved the existence of bidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between energy consumption and economic growth, and between trade openness and energy consumption

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The role of services in the environmental Kuznets curve

Economics and Business Letters ◽

10.17811/ebl.9.4.2020.326-333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 326-333

Author(s):

Manuel Cantavella

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Services Sector ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽

Curve Model ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

This paper examines the influence of services activity in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The analysis is applied for Spain during the period 1940-2014. It compares the standard environmental Kuznets curve model and its modification by isolating the evolution of services effect. The results through the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) estimation strategy confirm that even though all economic activities tend to be more and more sustainable, it is the evolution of services sector that becomes fundamental in the reduction of per capita CO2 emissions.

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THE EFFECT OF FOSSIL FUEL AND HYDROPOWER ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: EKC VALIDATION WITH STRUCTURAL BREAKS

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/jeelm.2020.11832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chenxia Xia ◽

Zilong Wang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Structural Breaks ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research is carried out to explore the relationship between economic growth, fossil energy, carbon emissions, hydropower, industrial development and energy endowment, and the effectiveness of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in China from 1965 to 2016 is tested. To this end, some econometric methods with structural breaks are employed. The results illustrate that the EKC considering structural breaks is existed in China. Furthermore, hydropower consumption can significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, however, the reduction an be masked by the increase of fossil energy consumption. In addition, industrialization level and economic growth positively and significantly affect CO2 emissions. Finally, some policies for reducing CO2 emissions are put forward.

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Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3660

Author(s):

Rathna Hor ◽

Phanna Ly ◽

Agusta Samodra Putra ◽

Riaru Ishizaki ◽

Tofael Ahamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Production System ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Food Production ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

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Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3415

Author(s):

Bartosz Jóźwik ◽

Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽

Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽

Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Central Europe ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

European Countries ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

The European Union ◽

Ekc Hypothesis ◽

Central European ◽

Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

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