The economic impact of mental health stigma and discrimination: A systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sharac ◽  
Paul Mccrone ◽  
Sarah Clement ◽  
Graham Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The South ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination

SUMMARYPeople with mental illness face stigma and discrimination in a variety of settings which can have an economic impact. Aim – The aim of this paper was to identify literature on the economic impact of mental illness stigma. Methods – A systematic review of the literature identified 30 papers from 27 studies by searching electronic databases and hand searching reference lists. Results – Mental illness stigma/discrimination was found to impact negatively on employment, income, public views about resource allocation and healthcare costs. Conclusions – Stigma and discrimination regarding mental health problems lead to adverse economic effects for people with these conditions. Interventions that reduce stigma may therefore also be economically beneficial.Declaration of Interest: This study was funded in relation to a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Programme grant awarded to the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and in relation to the NIHR Specialist Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. There is no conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Stigmatisation of mental illness in the workplace: evidence and consequences

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bezborodovs ◽  
G. Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Workplace Stigma

SummaryWork plays an important part in everyday life. For people experiencing mental health problems employment may both provide a source of income, improved self-esteem and stability, and influence the course and outcomes of the disorder. Yet in many countries the work-place consistently surfaces as the context where people with mental health problems feel stigmatised and discriminated the most. This paper will review the existing evidence of stigma and discrimination in the workplace, consider the consequences of workplace stigma on the lives of people experiencing mental health problems, and discuss implications for further action.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia in The Context of Mental Health Services in Palestine: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Marie ◽  
Zareefa Shaabna ◽  
Manahel Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma

Abstract Background: Mental health conditions remain a significant cause of disability in the Arab World. Palestinians are predominantly at a higher risk for mental health problems due to their chronic exposure to political violence, prolonged displacement, and others as limited professional, educational, financial opportunities and mental health services. Schizophrenia is an overwhelming mental illness that affects nearly one percent of the various populations throughout the world. Studies have shown patients with schizophrenia die prematurely and have lower life expectancy compared to the general population. Moreover, antipsychotic medications and client’s lifestyle play a significant role in increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. The present study willingly undertakes a literature review on schizophrenia in the context of mental health services in Palestine.Methods: Studies were identified through PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Semantic Scholar and Elsevier.Results: Twenty-four studies were included in this review; eleven articles related to schizophrenia and thirteen articles related to mental health services in Westbank and Gaza. Results revealed the life of patients with schizophrenia in Palestine is complicated. Barriers as lacking awareness about mental illness, stigma, inconsistent availability of medications, absence of multidisciplinary teamwork, insufficient specialists, fragmented mental health system, occupation, and other obstacles stand in the face of improving the quality of life among these patients.Limitations: Palestine is a state that is seeking independence with a scarcity of resources. It has been described as “uncharted territories'' due to a lack of data, resources and records. As a result, there is insufficient data regarding schizophrenia in Palestine. Therefore, a thesis study that estimated Ten years’ risk of coronary heart diseases in patients with schizophrenia was included.Conclusions: Recommendations include ending the occupation as the leading cause of mental illness for Palestinians and implementing efficient and effective mental health nursing care through the multidisciplinary work and raising awareness regarding mental illness to fight the stigma.

scholarly journals Collective levels of stigma and national suicide rates in 25 European countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schomerus ◽  
S. Evans-Lacko ◽  
N. Rüsch ◽  
R. Mojtabai ◽  
M. C. Angermeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Undetermined Intent

Aims.There is substantial diversity in national suicide rates, which has mainly been related to socio-economic factors, as well as cultural factors. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon, determining the level of social acceptance or rejection of persons with mental illness in a society. In this study, we explore whether national suicide rates are related to the degree of mental illness stigma in that country.Methods.We combine the data on country-level social acceptance (Eurobarometer) with the data on suicide rates and socio-economic indicators (Eurostat) for 25 European countries.Results.In a linear regression model controlling for socio-economic indicators, the social acceptance of someone with a significant mental health problem in 2010 was negatively correlated with age standardised national suicide rates in the same year (β −0.46, p = 0.014). This association also held true when combining national suicide rates with death rates due to events of undetermined intent.Conclusions.Stigma towards persons with mental health problems may contribute to differences in suicide rates in a country. We hypothesise possible mechanisms explaining this link, including stigma as a stressor and social isolation as a consequence of stigma.

scholarly journals Association between public views of mental illness and self-stigma among individuals with mental illness in 14 European countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Evans-Lacko ◽  
E. Brohan ◽  
R. Mojtabai ◽  
G. Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
The Public

BackgroundLittle is known about how the views of the public are related to self-stigma among people with mental health problems. Despite increasing activity aimed at reducing mental illness stigma, there is little evidence to guide and inform specific anti-stigma campaign development and messages to be used in mass campaigns. A better understanding of the association between public knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the internalization of stigma among people with mental health problems is needed.MethodThis study links two large, international datasets to explore the association between public stigma in 14 European countries (Eurobarometer survey) and individual reports of self-stigma, perceived discrimination and empowerment among persons with mental illness (n=1835) residing in those countries [the Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks (GAMIAN) study].ResultsIndividuals with mental illness living in countries with less stigmatizing attitudes, higher rates of help-seeking and treatment utilization and better perceived access to information had lower rates of self-stigma and perceived discrimination and those living in countries where the public felt more comfortable talking to people with mental illness had less self-stigma and felt more empowered.ConclusionsTargeting the general public through mass anti-stigma interventions may lead to a virtuous cycle by disrupting the negative feedback engendered by public stigma, thereby reducing self-stigma among people with mental health problems. A combined approach involving knowledge, attitudes and behaviour is needed; mass interventions that facilitate disclosure and positive social contact may be the most effective. Improving availability of information about mental health issues and facilitating access to care and help-seeking also show promise with regard to stigma.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia in the Context of Mental Health Services in Palestine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Marie ◽  
Zareefa Shaabna ◽  
Manahel Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Mental Health Nursing ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Abstract Background: Mental health conditions are a significant cause of disability in the Arab World. Palestinians are especially at a higher risk for mental health problems due to their chronic exposure to political violence, prolonged displacement, and others as a limited professional, educational, financial opportunities, and mental health services. Schizophrenia is an overwhelming mental illness that affects nearly one percent of the various populations throughout the world. Studies have shown that people with schizophrenia die prematurely and have lower life expectancy compared to the general population. Moreover, antipsychotic medications and the client’s lifestyle play an important role in increased morbidity and mortality in these clients. The present study undertakes a literature review of research on schizophrenia in the context of mental health services in Palestine.Methods: Studies were identified through PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Semantic Scholar, Elsevier, and the reading of complementary references from August-November 2019. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in this review. Eleven articles related to schizophrenia and thirteen articles related to mental health services in Westbank and Gaza. Results revealed that the life of schizophrenic patients in Palestine is complicated. Barriers as lacking awareness about mental illness, stigma, inconsistent availability of medications, absence of multidisciplinary teamwork, insufficient specialists, fragmented mental health system, occupation, and other obstacles stand in the face of improving the quality of life among schizophrenic patients.Conclusions Recommendations include ending the occupation as the leading cause of mental illness for Palestinians and implementing efficient and effective mental health nursing care through the multidisciplinary work and raising awareness regarding mental illness to fight the stigma, should be applied.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Digital Game-Based Training for Managers to Promote Employee Mental Health and Reduce Mental Illness Stigma at Work: Quasi-Experimental Study of Program Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Elisabeth Hanisch ◽  
Ulrich Walter Birner ◽  
Cornelia Oberhauser ◽  
Dennis Nowak ◽  
Carla Sabariego
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
Employee Mental Health

Background To counteract the negative impact of mental health problems on business, organizations are increasingly investing in mental health intervention measures. However, those services are often underused, which, to a great extent, can be attributed to fear of stigmatization. Nevertheless, so far only a few workplace interventions have specifically targeted stigma, and evidence on their effectiveness is limited. Objective The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a digital game-based training program for managers to promote employee mental health and reduce mental illness stigma at work. Methods We describe the empirical development of Leadership Training in Mental Health Promotion (LMHP), a digital game-based training program for leaders. A 1-group pre-post design and a 3-month follow-up were used for training evaluation. We applied multilevel growth models to investigate change over time in the dependent variables knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions to promote employee mental health in 48 managers of a global enterprise in the United Kingdom. Participants were mainly male (44/48, 92%) and ranged in age from 32 to 58 (mean 46.0, SD 7.2) years. Results We found a positive impact of the Web-based training program on managers’ knowledge of mental health and mental illness (P<.001), on attitudes toward people with mental health problems (P<.01), and on their self-efficacy to deal with mental health situations at work (P<.001), with the exception of intentions to promote employee mental health, which was initially high. Conclusions Results provide first evidence of the effectiveness of LMHP to positively affect managers’ skills to promote employee mental health at work. Furthermore, the high rate of participation in LMHP (48/54, 89%) supports the use of digital game-based interventions to increase user engagement and user experience in mental health programs at work.

scholarly journals Continuum beliefs and mental illness stigma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation and intervention studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lina-Jolien Peter ◽  
Stephanie Schindler ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
Silke Schmidt ◽  
Holger Muehlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Abstract Background Promulgating a continuum model of mental health and mental illness has been proposed as a way to reduce stigma by decreasing notions of differentness. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether continuum beliefs are associated with lower stigma, and whether continuum interventions reduce stigma. Methods Following a pre-defined protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42019123606), we searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) yielding 6726 studies. After screening, we included 33 studies covering continuum beliefs, mental illness, and stigma. Of these, 13 studies were included in meta-analysis. Results Continuum beliefs are consistently associated with lower stigma. Interventions were effective at manipulating continuum beliefs but differ in their effects on stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions We discuss whether and to what extent attitudes towards people with mental illness can be improved by providing information on a mental health-mental illness continuum. It appeared to be relevant whether interventions promoted a feeling of ‘us’ and a process of identification with the person with mental illness. We discuss implications for the design of future interventions.

Socio Demographic and Clinical Profile of Indoor Female Patients of RINPAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rajni Suri ◽  
Anshu Suri ◽  
Neelam Kumari ◽  
Amool R. Singh ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

The role of women is very crucial in our society. She cares for her parents, partner, children and other relatives. She performs all types of duties in family and also in the society without any expectations. Because of playing many roles, women often face many challenges in their life including both physical and mental. Mental health problems affect women and men equally, but some problems are more common among women including both physical and mental health problems. Aim of the study - The present study is aimed to describe and compare the clinical and socio-demographic correlates of female mentally ill patients. Methods and Materials: The study includes 180 female mentally ill patients based on cross sectional design and the sample for the study was drawn purposively. A semi structured socio-demographic data sheet was prepared to collect relevant information as per the need of the study. Result: The present study reveals that the socio-demographic factors contribute a vital role in mental illness. Findings also showed that majority of patients had mental problems in the age range of 20-30 have high rate. Illiterate and primary level of education and daily wage working women as well as low and middle socio-economic status women are more prone to have mental illness. Other factors like marital status, type of family and religion etc also important factors for mental illness. Keywords: Socio demographic profile, female, psychiatric patient

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