Mental disorder and homicide: a review of epidemiological research

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Jean Nursten ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Doug Badger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Key Questions

SummaryObjective – This paper reviews 28 studies on the epidemiology of homicide committed by mentally disordered people, taken from recent international academic literature. Methods – The studies included were identified as part of a wider systematic review of the epidemiology of offending combined with mental disorder. The main databases searched were Embase, Medline, HealthStar, Psyclit, Mental Health Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Criminology Penology and Police Science Abstracts. A comprehensive search was made for studies published since 1990, supplemented with key studies from the 1980s identified through citation tracing and personal contacts. Results – A summary is given in tabular form of the content and quality of each study. There is then discussion of the studies in eight categories: descriptive studies, studies of trends, comparative studies amongst homicide offenders, amongst prisoners and including general populations, studies of homicide of relatives, follow-up studies, and studies of recidivism. Conclusions – There is an association of homicide with mental disorder, most particularly with certain manifestations of schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder and drug or alcohol abuse. However, the quality of epidemiological research in this area is not adequate to answer key questions, and prediction of potential for homicide remains elusive. Further research is needed.

scholarly journals Can Apelin play a role in the etiology of tinnitus?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray ENSARİ ◽  
Özer Erdem GÜR ◽  
Nilgün GÜR ◽  
Ömer Tarık SELÇUK ◽  
Levent RENDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tinnitus Severity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Plasma Apelin

Background and Aims: Tinnitus, which affects 15% of general populations and in 1-6%, the quality-of-life is seriously affected by a chronic condition. Chemical, oxidative, and emotional stressors are important in terms of the clinical course of tinnitus. Apelin mediates oxidative stress. We measured apelin levels in patients with tinnitus affecting both ears, but without hearing loss. Material and Methods: We enrolled patients diagnosed with bilateral idiopathic tinnitus. Tinnitus severity was determined using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. We recorded the levels of plasma apelin-13 and biochemical parameters. Results: The mean apelin level of the control group was higher than that of the patient group (p = 0.002). A significant negative correlation was evident between the apelin level and the THI (r = 0.460, p = 0.003). The TG level was significantly higher in the patient than the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As tinnitus severity increased, the apelin level fell. Thus, apelin may play a role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic tinnitus, and may be prescribed during follow-up to reduce oxidative stress in the future. Further clinical studies on the effects of the apelin/APJ system and the effects of antioxidants in patients with inflammatory diseases, are required. Key words: apelin, oxidative stress, tinnitus

scholarly journals LIMPACT DES THERAPIES TRADITIONNELLES SUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES MALADES MENTAUX

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 911-916
Author(s):  
S. Belbachir ◽  
◽  
A. Benzineb ◽  
A. Ouanass ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Almost All

In spite of the development of the psychiatry in Morocco, the traditional therapy is another current phenomenon always using to treat mental disorder. The surnatural was dominating in the representation of the mental disorder, and it as well at the level of its origin as of its treatment.The objective of this work is to describe the cultural perception of the first psychiatric symptoms by the families of the mental sick, to determine the first approach of care.It is about a descriptive forward-looking study using a heteroquestionnary including a sample of 184 families of hospitalized or consultant patient to the Ar-razipsychiatric hospital in Sale (Morocco) over a period of three months of the current year.We counted 184 families who have a member consulted or hospitalized at the Arrazi hospital. 38% represent mother of patient. All the socioeconomic and educational levels were represented. Almost all the diseases were founded with a big ascendancy of the psychotic disorders. The appeal to Fkihs in front of first symptoms was almost important the conversifs disorders and anxious seem to be the preference illness of this kind of practice but you should not forget that the psychoses also represent a not insignificant rate with 66%. The cultural interpretations of the mental illness are represented by the charm in 35 % of the cases, the Toukal (deliberate poisoning) in 29% and the ownership by devils in 21 %. The bad eye is reported in 20%. More than 63% of families turned to the traditional therapy in front of the first psychiatric symptoms, while only 36 % returned the patients at a general doctor or a psychiatrist. 62 % of families continue to turn to the traditional therapies in spite of the psychiatric follow-up, in this case they tend to stop the medical treatment in 30 % of the cases. There is a significant link between the first orientation and the interpretation of the disease. Traditherapeutes was more requested at the patients of whom families think that their disease is of surnatural origin (p = 0,001). The appeal to the traditional therapy and the residence in rural areas and not schooling are also strongly correlated. (P = 0,011 and p = 0,001). The Moroccan psychiatry was able to realize a lot of progress during the last two decades, in spite of the insufficiency of the human resources and the infrastructures. Additional efforts are necessary, especially with the high request of care, for it all the community should participate in the promotion of the mental health to reduce the stigmatization of this discipline and offer a better management of patients. The family is at the heart of the care of the mental disorders. Simple interventions with family can largely improve the quality of life of the sick person and that of the whole family.

Do I need treatment? Insight and therapy adherence in a group of patients in treatment with aripiprazole long acting injectable

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S537-S537
Author(s):  
S. Berta ◽  
C. Víctor ◽  
T. Ivan ◽  
M. Julia ◽  
O. Silvia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

IntroductionRelapse prevention is one of the major goals in psychiatry because it will mark the prognosis and quality of life in patients. In this aspect, plays a very important role insight and adherence to treatment. Some studies show that long acting injectable treatments improve adherence as compared with oral medications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse the degree of insight and adherence to treatment of a group of patients with aripiprazole long acting injectable ALAI treatment.MethodologyDescriptive study in a group of patients treated with ALAI. Three months of follow-up. To assess the insight we had use the 3 first items of the Unawareness of Mental Disorder SUMD. Adherence to treatment is evaluated by monitoring if patients come to administrate ALAI.Resultsn = 6, 2 women (33.3%) and 4 men (66.7%). The mean age of the sample was 37 years. Diagnoses were 4 patients with psychotic disorder (66.7%;) 2 with bipolar disorder (33.3%). At the SUMD, mean score for the items consciousness of having a disorder and awareness of the effects of medication was 3, and for the item awareness of the social consequences of mental disorder 4. The mean score for the total punctuation was 10. Five (83.3%) had a 100% of adherence, just 1 patient discontinued de treatment on the third month.ConclusionsOn our sample adherence, it was almost complete in all patients. To highlight the scores for SUMD which means low insight. A large sample is required to increase the reliability of the study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals How Owners of Epileptic Dogs Living in Italy Evaluate Their Quality of Life and That of Their Pet: A Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Marisa Masucci ◽  
Valeria Di Stefano ◽  
Giulia Donato ◽  
Cyndi Mangano ◽  
Massimo De Majo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Antiepileptic Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Key Questions

Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder of dogs and requires a substantial commitment by the pet owner. The aim of this study was to evaluate how Italian owners of epileptic dogs receiving long-term treatment perceived their own quality of life (QoL) and that of their pet, using a list of key questions. A questionnaire was sent to owners of dogs affected by recurrent seizures and treated with antiepileptic drugs for at least three months. The questions included signalment, medical history and physical, social and psychological aspects associated with managing an epileptic dog. Eighty complete questionnaires were obtained. Most owners surveyed had a positive opinion on their dog’s QoL and they did not believe that commitment to managing their animals was a limitation of QoL. Dog QoL, seizure, frequency and severity were considered the most important factors in evaluating the efficacy of the antiepileptic treatment. The evaluation of the different aspects of QoL can help veterinary professionals understand the need for correct and exhaustive information provided to owners and the development of therapeutic plans and follow up, corresponding to the needs of dogs and owners.

Diagnosing Surgical Site Infections using Telemedicine: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Jia Hui Ng ◽  
Daran Huang ◽  
Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Comprehensive Search

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSI) are preventable post-operative complications. With the increase in use of telehealth modalities, there is a need to assess if telehealth modalities are safe for assessment of SSI. OBJECTIVE This review aims to assess the accuracy of using telemedicine in the diagnosis of surgical site infections (SSI) in post-surgical adult patients as compared to in-person assessments. METHODS A comprehensive search on 6 databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CENTRAL) was performed from inception to 1 December 2020. Data was extracted to determine accuracy, feasibility, acceptability, and usability of using telemedicine to detect SSIs. The primary outcome of this review was to review the diagnostic accuracy of telemedicine to diagnose SSIs as compared to direct, in-person assessment. Methodological quality was evaluated using the MINORS criteria. RESULTS Six studies met inclusion criteria. Results were summarized qualitatively. The overall methodological quality of the studies was moderate based on the MINORS score. Four studies utilized telephone surveillance, whilst two utilized mobile applications. Telemedicine modalities were able to accurately diagnose 66 SSIs, where an additional 15 were found on direct clinical review. The diagnostic accuracy across the studies ranged from 69.5 – 100%. Between 82.5 – 100% of patients were able to be contacted through these telemedicine modalities. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine modalities are a feasible option for post-operative follow-up, especially in the identification of SSIs. As technology becomes more affordable and widely available, future applications of telemedicine are limitless. However, further research is still required to ensure that telemedicine is a safe and effective tool.

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