IRIS: an Infrared Imager and Spectrometer for the Anglo-Australian Telescope

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen ◽  
John R. Barton ◽  
Michael G. Burton ◽  
Helen Davies ◽  
Tony J. Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Direct Image ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Pattern Noise ◽  
Continuous Display ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Specific Control

AbstractWe describe a versatile infrared camera/spectrograph, IRIS, designed and constructed at the Anglo-Australian Observatory for use on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. A variety of optical configurations can be selected under remote control to provide several direct image scales and a few low-resolution spectroscopic formats. Two cross-dispersed transmission echelles are of novel design, as is the use of a modified Bowen-Burch system to provide a fast f/ratio in the widest-field option. The drive electronics includes a choice of readout schemes for versatility, and continuous display when the array is not taking data, to facilitate field acquisition and focusing.The linearity of the detector has been studied in detail. Although outwardly good, slight nonlinearities prevent removal of fixed-pattern noise from the data without application of a cubic linearising function.Specific control and data-reduction software has been written. We describe also a scanning mode developed for spectroscopic imaging.

scholarly journals An Infrared Camera Based on a Large PtSi Array

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
I. S. Glass ◽  
K. Sekiguchi ◽  
Y. Nakada
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Large Format

A large-format PtSi array (effectively 1k × 0.5k pixels) has been incorporated into an infrared camera intended for survey work using the 0.75-m telescope at Sutherland. The array is very uniform and almost free of cosmetic defects. The camera, its electronics and the operational procedures that we use are described, together with the methods of data reduction. The limiting magnitudes that can be observed in the JHK broad bands are given.

scholarly journals The Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Ultra Deep Field: Observations, Data Reduction, and Galaxy Photometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger I. Thompson ◽  
Garth Illingworth ◽  
Rychard Bouwens ◽  
Mark Dickinson ◽  
Daniel Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Field Observations

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Observations of the Hubble Deep Field: Observations, Data Reduction, and Galaxy Photometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger I. Thompson ◽  
Lisa J. Storrie-Lombardi ◽  
Ray J. Weymann ◽  
Marcia J. Rieke ◽  
Glenn Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Hubble Deep Field

Data Reduction and Early Science Calibration for FORCAST, A Mid-Infrared Camera for SOFIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (933) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Herter ◽  
W. D. Vacca ◽  
J. D. Adams ◽  
L. D. Keller ◽  
J. Schoenwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Mid Infrared

HAWC+, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1840008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyal A. Harper ◽  
Marcus C. Runyan ◽  
C. Darren Dowell ◽  
C. Jesse Wirth ◽  
Michael Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Astronomy ◽  
Dust Grains ◽  
Infrared Imager

High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC[Formula: see text]) is the facility far-infrared imager and polarimeter for SOFIA, NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It is designed to cover the portion of the infrared spectrum that is completely inaccessible to ground-based observatories and which is essential for studies of astronomical sources with temperatures between tens and hundreds of degrees Kelvin. Its ability to make polarimetric measurements of aligned dust grains provides a unique new capability for studying interstellar magnetic fields. HAWC[Formula: see text] began commissioning flights in April 2016 and was accepted as a facility instrument in early 2018. In this paper, we describe the instrument, its operational procedures, and its performance on the observatory.

Data reduction techniques for slit and slit-less spectroscopy of diffuse emission with the Infrared Camera onboard AKARI

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuki Sakon ◽  
Takashi Onaka ◽  
Takehiko Wada ◽  
Youichi Ohyama ◽  
Hideo Matsuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Diffuse Emission ◽  
Reduction Techniques

Visualisation of E. coli ribosomal RNA in situ by electron spectroscopic imaging and image averaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
Daniel Beniac ◽  
George Harauz
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microscopical Technique ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Protein Components

The structures of E. coli ribosomes have been extensively probed by electron microscopy of negatively stained and frozen hydrated preparations. Coupled with quantitative image analysis and three dimensional reconstruction, such approaches are worthwhile in defining size, shape, and quaternary organisation. The important question of how the nucleic acid and protein components are arranged with respect to each other remains difficult to answer, however. A microscopical technique that has been proposed to answer this query is electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI), in which scattered electrons with energy losses characteristic of inner shell ionisations are used to form specific elemental maps. Here, we report the use of image sorting and averaging techniques to determine the extent to which a phosphorus map of isolated ribosomal subunits can define the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) distribution within them.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Spectroscopic imaging of human disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D.J. Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tissue Water

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) observes tissue water in the presence of a magnetic field gradient to study morphological changes such as tissue volume loss and signal hyperintensities in human disease. These changes are mostly non-specific and do not appear to be correlated with the range of severity of a certain disease. In contrast, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), which measures many different chemicals and tissue metabolites in the millimolar concentration range in the absence of a magnetic field gradient, has been shown to reveal characteristic metabolite patterns which are often correlated with the severity of a disease. In-vivo MRS studies are performed on widely available MRI scanners without any “sample preparation” or invasive procedures and are therefore widely used in clinical research. Hydrogen (H) MRS and MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI, conceptionally a combination of MRI and MRS) measure N-acetylaspartate (a putative marker of neurons), creatine-containing metabolites (involved in energy processes in the cell), choline-containing metabolites (involved in membrane metabolism and, possibly, inflammatory processes),

Localization of DNA in chromatin using ESI and osmium ammine staining

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
C.L. Woodcock ◽  
R.A. Horowitz ◽  
D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
A.L. Olins
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Eukaryotic Nucleus ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
Patiria Miniata ◽  
Model Structures

In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and the nucleosome chain folded into ‘30nm’ chromatin fibers. A number of different model structures, each with a specific location of nucleosomal and linker DNA have been proposed for the arrangment of nucleosomes within the fiber. We are exploring two strategies for testing the models by localizing DNA within chromatin: electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of phosphorus atoms, and osmium ammine (OSAM) staining, a method based on the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction.Sperm were obtained from Patiria miniata (starfish), fixed in 2% GA in 150mM NaCl, 15mM HEPES pH 8.0, and embedded In Lowiciyl K11M at -55C. For OSAM staining, sections 100nm to 150nm thick were treated as described, and stereo pairs recorded at 40,000x and 100KV using a Philips CM10 TEM. (The new osmium ammine-B stain is available from Polysciences Inc). Uranyl-lead (U-Pb) staining was as described. ESI was carried out on unstained, very thin (<30 nm) beveled sections at 80KV using a Zeiss EM902. Images were recorded at 20,000x and 30,000x with median energy losses of 110eV, 120eV and 160eV, and a window of 20eV.

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