scholarly journals Associations between family factors, childhood adversity, negative life events and child anxiety disorders: an exploratory study of diagnostic specificity

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Jenny Draisey ◽  
Brynjar Halldorsson ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Cathy Creswell
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Parenting Behaviours

AbstractBackground:Chronic childhood adversity, negative life events, and anxiogenic parenting behaviours have all been implicated in the development and maintenance of childhood anxiety disorders. However, few studies have addressed whether these factors are associated with particular types of childhood anxiety disorders.Aims:The aims of this study were to investigate whether specific associations were obtained between specific types of childhood anxiety disorder – namely, social anxiety disorder (SOC), separation anxiety disorder (SEP) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) – and the nature of particular forms of psycho-social risk – namely, chronic childhood adversity, negative life events, and particular forms of parenting behaviours.Method:Two-hundred and ten children (aged 7–12 years) who met diagnostic criteria for SOC, SEP or GAD and their primary caregivers completed questionnaire measures on chronic childhood adversity and negative life events. In addition, dyads participated in two laboratory-based assessments of parent–child interactions.Results:We found little evidence for disorder specificity for chronic childhood adversity and negative life events, except in the case of separation anxiety disorder. Anxious children with separation anxiety were more likely than children with other forms of anxiety disorders to live with a single parent, experience more frequent parent arguments, and more negative life events. No group differences in observed parenting behaviours were found.Conclusions:Childhood SEP may be particularly associated with family challenges which may need specific consideration to optimize prevention and/or treatment. Beyond this, there is limited evidence of specific associations between family and environmental factors and specific types of childhood anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Longitudinal investigation of the role of temperament and stressful life events in childhood anxiety

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Broeren ◽  
Carol Newall ◽  
Helen F. Dodd ◽  
Ruth Locker ◽  
Jennifer L. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe current study investigated the longitudinal relationships among behavioral inhibition (BI), life events, and anxiety in a sample of 102 BI children and 100 behaviorally uninhibited (BUI) children aged 3 to 4 years. Children's parents completed questionnaires on BI, stressful life events, and anxiety symptoms, and were administered a diagnostic interview three times in a 5-year period. In line with our hypotheses, negative life events, particularly negative behavior-dependent life events (i.e., life events that are related to the children's own behaviors), and the impact of negative life events were predictive of increases in subsequent anxiety symptoms, the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder, and increased number of anxiety diagnoses over the 5-year follow-up period. Experiencing more positive, behavior-independent life events decreased the risk of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Furthermore, differences were found in life events between BI and BUI children. That is, BI children experienced fewer positive and specifically positive behavior-dependent life events, and the impact of these positive life events was also lower in BI children than in BUI children. However, BI did not interact with life events in the prediction of anxiety problems as hypothesized. Therefore, this study seems to indicate that BI and life events act as additive risk factors in the development of anxiety problems.

scholarly journals Relationship between adult social phobia and childhood anxiety

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Gus Manfro ◽  
Luciano Isolan ◽  
Carolina Blaya ◽  
Sandra Maltz ◽  
Elizeth Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of traumas and the presence of childhood anxiety disorders in adult patients with social phobia and investigate their influence on the presentation of the disorder. METHODS: Twenty-four adult patients with social phobia were asked about the presence of trauma before the age of 16. The K-SADS-E and the DICA-P interviews were used to assess these patients regarding childhood anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Twelve (50%) patients reported a history of trauma before the age of 16. The presence of trauma did not influence the presentation of the disorder. Seventy-five percent of patients had a history of anxiety disorders in childhood. Patients with a history of at least 2 childhood anxiety disorders had an increased lifetime prevalence of major depression (10 vs. 3; p=.04) and family history of psychiatric disorders (13 vs. 6; p=.02). CONCLUSION: Anxiety disorder in childhood is associated with family history of psychiatric disorders. The presence of more than one diagnosis of anxiety disorder in childhood can be considered a risk factor for the development of depression in adult patients with social phobia.

scholarly journals Using a Smartphone App and Clinician Portal to Enhance Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Anxiety Disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Susan Silk ◽  
Gede Pramana ◽  
Stefanie Sequeira ◽  
Oliver Lindhiem ◽  
Philip C. Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for child anxiety disorders, but 40-50% of youth do not respond fully to treatment, and time commitments for standard CBT can be prohibitive for some families and lead to long waiting lists for trained CBT therapists in the community. SmartCAT 2.0 is an adjunctive mobile health program designed to improve and shorten CBT treatment for anxiety disorders in youth by providing them with the opportunity to practice CBT skills outside of session using an interactive and gamified interface. It consists of an app and an integrated clinician portal connected to the app for secure 2-way communication with the therapist. The goal of the present study was to evaluate SmartCAT 2.0 in an open trial to establish usability, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of brief (8 sessions) CBT combined with SmartCAT. We also explored changes in CBT skills targeted by the app. Participants were 34 youth (ages 9-14) who met DSM-5 criteria for generalized, separation, and/or social anxiety disorder. Results demonstrated strong feasibility and usability of the app/portal and high satisfaction with the intervention. Youth used the app an average of 12 times between each therapy session (M = 5.8 mins per day). At post-treatment, 67% of youth no longer met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder, with this percentage increasing to 86% at two-month follow-up. Youth showed reduced symptom severity over time across raters and also improved from pre- to post-treatment in CBT skills targeted by the app, demonstrating better emotion identification and thought challenging and reductions in avoidance. Findings support the feasibility of combining brief CBT with SmartCAT. Although not a controlled trial, when benchmarked against the literature, the current findings suggest that SmartCAT may enhance the utility of brief CBT for childhood anxiety disorders. This paper is currently in press in Behavior Therapy.

Overview of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E Grant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among adults in the United States. Although anxiety disorders generally result in significant psychosocial impairment, most adults do not seek treatment until many years after the onset of the anxiety disorder. The treatment literature for anxiety disorder has grown tremendously since the 1980s, and both psychotherapy and medications may prove beneficial for people with anxiety disorders. This review presents a general overview of the anxiety disorders. This review contains 7 tables, and 33 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, treatment of anxiety

Childhood adversity and co-occurring post-traumatic stress and externalizing symptoms among a predominantly low-income, African American sample of early adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Erin L. Thompson ◽  
Kelly E. O’Connor ◽  
Albert D. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Although there is strong evidence supporting the association between childhood adversity and symptomatology during adolescence, the extent to which adolescents present with distinct patterns of co-occurring post-traumatic stress (PTS) and externalizing symptoms remains unclear. Additionally, prior research suggests that experiencing nonviolent, negative life events may be more salient risk factors for developing some forms of psychopathology than exposure to violence. The current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of early adolescents with distinct patterns of PTS, physical aggression, delinquency, and substance use, and examined subgroup differences in exposure to three forms of violent and nonviolent childhood adversity. Participants were a predominantly low-income, African American sample of 2,722 urban middle school students (M age = 12.9, 51% female). We identified four symptom profiles: low symptoms (83%), some externalizing (8%), high PTS (6%), and co-occurring PTS and externalizing symptoms (3%). A higher frequency of witnessing violence was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with externalizing symptoms, whereas a higher frequency of nonviolent, negative life events was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with PTS symptoms. Interventions aimed to address childhood adversity may be most effective when modules addressing both PTS and externalizing symptoms are incorporated.

Childhood Anxiety Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly O’Neil ◽  
Douglas Brodman ◽  
Jeremy Cohen ◽  
Julie Edmunds ◽  
Philip Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders
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