scholarly journals SOLVENCY II TECHNICAL PROVISIONS FOR GENERAL INSURERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dreksler ◽  
C. Allen ◽  
A. Akoh-Arrey ◽  
J. A. Courchene ◽  
B. Junaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Reference Tool

AbstractThis paper brings together the work of the GI Solvency II Technical Provisions working party. The working party was formed in 2009 for the primary purpose of raising awareness of Solvency II and the impact it would have on the work that reserving actuaries do. Over the years, the working party’s focus has shifted to exploring and promoting discussion of the many practical issues raised by the requirements and to promoting best practice. To this end, we have developed, presented and discussed many of the ideas contained in this paper at events and forums. However, the size of the subject means that at no one event have we managed to cover all of the areas that the reserving actuary needs to be aware of. This paper brings together our thinking in one place for the first time. We hope experienced practitioners will find it thought provoking, and a useful reference tool. For new practitioners, we hope it helps to get you up-to-speed quickly. Good luck!

scholarly journals 84 Optimising The Assessment and Management of Acute Renal Colic in Secondary Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Fonseka ◽  
R Ellis ◽  
A Gowda ◽  
L Tuckwood ◽  
A Careless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Acute Renal Colic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract Aim The latest guidance in acute renal colic states that patients should have serum calcium and urate (stone bloods) measured during inpatient admission. The guidance also states that follow-up imaging should be in the form of computed tomography (CT)-, ultrasound (USS)-, or X-ray- kidney, ureters and bladder (KUB). X-ray intravenous urogram (IVU) is now considered obsolete as it can result in over-exposing patients to radiation. Aims of this 2-cycle QIP were twofold; Method Data was extracted from electronic patient records on whether or not they had stone bloods measured during admission and also what follow-up imaging was requested. In the first cycle baseline data was extracted. A stone proforma was then created, incorporating the latest guidelines. In the second cycle the impact of the stone proforma was assessed. Results The study included 119 patients. After introducing the stone proforma we were successful in improving the rate of stone bloods being measured, increasing from 13% to 53%. We were also successful in reducing the rate of performing X-ray IVU, decreasing from 25% to 14% of patients. Conclusions This QIP demonstrates that management of acute renal colic can be optimised using a stone proforma and move current practice towards best practice. This is supported by the ‘Getting it Right First Time’ (GIRFT) Urology report 2018. The third cycle is currently underway, and we hope to see further improved outcomes.

Dedicated paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy medical support: a pre–post observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel O Mace ◽  
Charlie McLeod ◽  
Daniel K Yeoh ◽  
Julie Vine ◽  
Yu-Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveDespite the many benefits of paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programmes, there are risks associated with delivering inpatient-level care outside of hospital. There is a paucity of evidence defining how best to mitigate these risks. We examined the impact of introducing a dedicated medical team to OPAT, to define the role of increased medical oversight in improving patient outcomes in this cohort.DesignA prospective 24-month pre–post observational cohort study.SettingThe Hospital in the Home (HiTH) programme at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) for Children, Western Australia.PatientsAll OPAT admissions to HiTH, excluding haematology/oncology patients.InterventionsPMH introduced a dedicated OPAT medical support team in July 2015 to improve adherence to best-practice guidelines for patient monitoring and review.Main outcome measuresDuration of OPAT, adherence to monitoring guidelines, drug-related and line-related adverse events and readmission to hospital.ResultsThere were a total of 502 OPAT episodes over 24 months, with 407 episodes included in analyses. Following the introduction of the OPAT medical team, adherence to monitoring guidelines improved (OR 4.90, 95% CI 2.48 to 9.66); significantly fewer patients required readmission to hospital (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.86) and there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving prolonged (≥7 days) OPAT (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99).ConclusionThe introduction of a formal medical team to HiTH demonstrated a positive clinical impact on OPAT patients’ outcomes. These findings support the ongoing utility of medical governance in a nurse-led HiTH service.

Probing Gandhi’s Political Strategy in View of His Civilisational Politics in India

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Arun Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The present article seeks to critically probe Gandhi’s civilisational view of Indian society and politics both from his few articulate and many hidden statements at different stages of his life. His civilisational view is, therefore, analysed from a variety of perspectives: its origin, direction, advocated methods and long-time impact on Gandhian thought, philosophy and activities. It is presumed that such an analysis of Gandhi’s political philosophy with special reference to his civilisational view may clarify some of the mysteries associated with his much cited and often criticised ‘strategies’ of political activity. The article has three parts. The first dwells on the background of Gandhi’s civilisational critique and touches on some of its contents from the political standpoints. The second probes into the many meanings of civilisational politics both from Gandhi’s articulate and hidden statements on the subject. The third reviews the impact of Gandhi’s civilisational politics on the course and strategy of his political action, and its legacy for the future. The underlying idea is that satyagraha in the Gandhian philosophical context is most intelligible when viewed from the short- and long-term perspectives of civilisational politics.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Wiesława Kuźniar ◽  
Tomasz Surmacz ◽  
Bogdan Wierzbiński
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Ecological Farming ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

The subject literature around the world puts a strong emphasis on the discrepancy between the positive attitude towards the idea of sustainability and consumer behaviour. These issues are the subject matter of this paper, which aims at both the identification and evaluation of selected aspects of knowledge, attitudes and eco-friendly behaviour of consumers connected with their choice of foods. The authors made an attempt of answering the question, to what extent do the level of knowledge and the declared eco-friendly attitudes have an impact on specific purchasing decisions. In the empirical observations, the conceptual model of the effects of the environment (knowledge, attitude, behaviour) on the customers’ ecological awareness was used. The analysis conducted on the basis of this model indicated that stimulating the demand for ecological products is implemented mainly by the processes of raising awareness, which leads to expanding the consumers’ knowledge concerning ecological farming and eco-friendly foods. In such a way the consumer awareness is built, especially by educational campaigns and promoting/endorsing the ecological foods targeted at young consumers.

scholarly journals Survey of the Effect of Knowledge Obtained by Family Doctors After the Thematic Improvement Cycle «Management of HIV-patients for Family Doctor»

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Larysa Matyukha ◽  
Tetiana Avramenko ◽  
Anna Batsiura ◽  
Valentyna Boyko ◽  
Tetiana Veselova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Doctor ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patient Referrals ◽  
Testing Awareness

Survey`s results of the impact of knowledge obtained by 111 family doctors through the thematic improvement cycle «Management of HIV-patients for family doctor» are presented in the article. The main achievements of this program are: raising awareness on the subject of HIV-infection/AIDS; formation of safe behavior of family doctors during their work with HIV-positive patients; establishing communication with patients; increase patient referrals for testing; awareness of the network of institutions and organizations servicing people living with HIV.

Life with Two Languages

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Harvard University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

In 1979, the author taught a course on bilingualism for the first time. Since there was no adequate textbook on the topic, he contacted Harvard University Press and offered to write a book on the subject. They accepted and the book came out in 1982. It was original in many ways, among them the personal testimonies of bilinguals and the many examples of bilingual speech. During this time, the author met with the bilingualism specialist, Einar Haugen. He and his wife, Eva, encouraged the author and helped him accept his own bilingualism. He remained in touch with the couple until they passed away in the 1990s. The author honored them recently at the Einar Haugen lecture in Oslo.

scholarly journals A review of Solvency II: Has it met its objectives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rae ◽  
A. Barrett ◽  
D. Brooks ◽  
M. A. Chotai ◽  
A. J. Pelkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Risk Margin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Consistency

AbstractSolvency II is currently one of the most sophisticated insurance regulatory regimes in the world. It is built around the principles of market consistency and embedding strong risk management and governance within insurance companies. For business with long-term guarantees, the original basis produced outcomes that were unacceptable to the member states. The original design was amended through Omnibus II. The working party has looked back at the outcome of the final regulation and comments on how well Solvency II has fared, principally from a UK perspective, relative to its initial goals of improved consumer protection, harmonisation, effective risk management and financial stability. We review Pillar 1’s market consistent valuation (including the risk margin and transitional measures) as well as the capital requirements (including internal models). We look at the impact this has on asset and liability management, pro-cyclicality and product design. We look at Pillars 2 and 3 in respect of the Own Risk and Solvency Assessment, liquidity and disclosure. Finally, we stand back and look at harmonisation and the implications of Brexit. In summary we conclude that Solvency II represents a huge improvement over Solvency I although it has not fully achieved the goals it aspired to. There are acknowledged shortfalls and imperfections where adjustments to Solvency II are likely. There remain other concerns around pro-cyclicality, and the appropriateness of market consistency is still open to criticism. It is hoped that the paper and the discussion that goes with it provide an insight into where Solvency II has taken European Insurance regulation and the directions in which it could evolve.

scholarly journals A review of the risk margin – Solvency II and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Pelkiewicz ◽  
S. W. Ahmed ◽  
P. Fulcher ◽  
K. L. Johnson ◽  
S. M. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Risk Margin ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract For life insurers in the United Kingdom (UK), the risk margin is one of the most controversial aspects of the Solvency II regime which came into force in 2016. The risk margin is the difference between the technical provisions and the best estimate liabilities. The technical provisions are intended to be market-consistent, and so are defined as the amount required to be paid to transfer the business to another undertaking. In practice, the technical provisions cannot be directly calculated, and so the risk margin must be determined using a proxy method; the method chosen for Solvency II is known as the cost-of-capital method. Following the implementation of Solvency II, the risk margin came under considerable criticism for being too large and too sensitive to interest rate movements. These criticisms are particularly valid for annuity business in the UK – such business is of great significance to the system for retirement provision. A further criticism is that mitigation of the impact of the risk margin has led to an increase in reinsurance of longevity risks, particularly to overseas reinsurers. This criticism has led to political interest, and the risk margin was a major element of the Treasury Committee inquiry into EU Insurance Regulation. The working party was set up in response to this criticism. Our brief is to consider both the overall purpose of the risk margin for life insurers and solutions to the current problems, having regard to the possibility of post-Brexit flexibility. We have concluded that a risk margin in some form is necessary, although its size depends on the level of security desired, and so is primarily a political question. We have reviewed possible alternatives to the current risk margin, both within the existing cost-of-capital methodology and considering a wide range of alternatives. We believe that requirements for the risk margin will depend on future circumstances, in particular relating to Brexit, and we have identified a number of possible changes to methodology which should be considered, depending on circumstances.

scholarly journals The Present State of the Study of Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Ch. E. Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Law School ◽  
The Political ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The original outline of this article included a general overview and critique of the leading trends in the study of politics over the past 30 to 40 years. It was intended to compare the methods and results of different types of political thought-to consider in turn the historical school, the law school, researchers in the field of comparative analysis of forms of government, philosophers themselves, the approach of economists, the contribution of geographers and ethnologists, the work of statisticians, and finally to turn to psychological, sociological and biological interpretations of the political process. It would be an interesting and perhaps useful task to compare the subject and method of such thinkers as Jellinek, Gierke, Dugi, Dicey and Pound, the philosophies of Sorel and Dewey, Ritchie and Russell, Nietzsche and Tolstoy, to look at the methods of Durkheim and Simmel, Ward, Giddings and Small, Cooley and Ross, and to discuss the innovations found in the works of Wallace and Cole. It might be useful to expand the analysis to include important features of the environment in which these ideas flourished, and the many close connections between them. One could also discuss the impact of social and industrial development, class movements and class struggle or group conflicts in a broader sense, consider the impact of urbanism and industrialism, capitalism, socialism and syndicalism, militarism, pacifism, feminism, nationalism. It would be useful, perhaps, to present a critique of the methods and results described and to specifically assess the significance of logical, psychological, sociological, legal, philosophical and historical methodologies and the contribution of each of them to the study of the political. This task, however, was dropped and postponed for the next time, as it became apparent that no such review could be compressed to reasonable volumes. In order to achieve our common goal, it would seem that a different type of analysis would be more productive, aimed at reconstructing the methods of political research and obtaining more extensive results in both the theoretical and practical fields.

Quantifying Operational Risk in General Insurance Companies. Developed by a Giro Working Party

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Howard Tripp ◽  
H. L. Bradley ◽  
R. Devitt ◽  
G. C. Orros ◽  
G. L. Overton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe paper overviews the application of existing actuarial techniques to operational risk. It considers how, working in conjunction with other experts, actuaries can develop a new framework to monitor/review, establish context, identify, understand and decide what to do in terms of the management and mitigation of operational risk. It suggests categorisations of risk to help analyses and proposes how new risk indicators may be needed, in conjunction with more normal quantification approaches.Using a case study, it explores the application of stress and scenario testing, statistical curve fitting (including the application of extreme value theory), causal (Bayesian) modelling and the extension of dynamic financial analysis to include operational risk. It suggests there is no one correct approach and that the choice of parameters and modelling assumptions is critical. It lists a number of other techniques for future consideration.There is a section about how ‘soft issues’ including dominance risk, the impact of belief systems and culture, the focus of performance management systems and the psychology of organisations affect operational risk. An approach to rating the people aspects of risk in parallel with quantification may help give a better overall assessment of risk and improve the understanding for capital implications.The paper concludes with a brief review of implications for reporting and considers what future work will help develop the actuarial contribution. It is hoped the paper will sow seeds for the development of best practice in dealing with operational risk and increase the interest of actuaries in this emerging new topic.

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