Digestibility and gastro-intestinal transit time of diets containing different proportions of alfalfa and oat straw given to Thoroughbreds, Shetland ponies, Highland ponies and donkeys

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cuddeford ◽  
R. A. Pearson ◽  
R. F. Archibald ◽  
R. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Food Residues

AbstractA series of 4 × 4 Latin-square digestibility trials was carried out to determine whether there were any differences between different types of equid in their ability to digest diets containing different levels of fibre and protein. The equids (Thoroughbreds, Highland ponies, Shetland ponies and donkeys) were offered one of four molassed diets in turn and these contained different proportions of alfalfa and oat straw: 1·0:0, 0·67:0·33, 0·33:0·67, 0:1, respectively. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were estimated. The rate of passage of the different diets was measured using Cr-mordanted fibre (Cr-fibre) and Co-ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.All animals digested the components of the high-fibre diets less well than those of the low-fibre diets (P < 0·001 for DM, OM, GE, CP and ADF). Donkeys digested fibre more effectively than the other equids (F < 0·01 for ADF and NDF). The gastro-intestinal transit time of the high fibre diets was significantly less than that for the low fibre diets (P < 0·001) and donkeys retained food residues longer than the other equids (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L (King and Robinson)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
S.H.J. Mayela Nkouka ◽  
D.S. Kiéssé ◽  
R.D.G. Elion Itou ◽  
A.W. Etou Ossibi ◽  
A.A. Abena
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Other Hand

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg). ¶The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated on the diarrhoea induced by the castor oil, the charcoal test (intestinal transit time) and on the accumulation of the intestinal fluid induced by the castor oil (Enteropooling).¶The results obtained show that the aqueous extract at the doses used significantly decrease (p<0,001) the frequency of emission, the quantity and the onset of appearance of the faces induced by the castor oil. ¶The aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) does not decrease significantly the intestinal transit (p>0.05) but on the other hand significantly decrease (p<0.01) the accumulation of the fluid in the intestine induced by the castor oil. ¶In conclusion the aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) has an antidiarrheal effect who could be explained by interference with the mechanisms of secretion of the electrolytes. ¶These results would justify the use of plant on the traditional treatment of the diarrhoea.¶ Keywords: antidiarrheal effect, Castor oil, intestinal transit, enteropooling, Chromolaena odorata

scholarly journals Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter de Groot ◽  
Torsten Scheithauer ◽  
Guido J Bakker ◽  
Andrei Prodan ◽  
Evgeni Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Insulin Resistant

ObjectiveBariatric surgery improves glucose metabolism. Recent data suggest that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using faeces from postbariatric surgery diet-induced obese mice in germ-free mice improves glucose metabolism and intestinal homeostasis. We here investigated whether allogenic FMT using faeces from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass donors (RYGB-D) compared with using faeces from metabolic syndrome donors (METS-D) has short-term effects on glucose metabolism, intestinal transit time and adipose tissue inflammation in treatment-naïve, obese, insulin-resistant male subjects.DesignSubjects with metabolic syndrome (n=22) received allogenic FMT either from RYGB-D or METS-D. Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as lipolysis were measured at baseline and 2 weeks after FMT by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic stable isotope (2H2-glucose and 2H5-glycerol) clamp. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in resting energy expenditure, intestinal transit time, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acids, and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue related to intestinal microbiota composition. Faecal SCFA, bile acids, glycaemic control and inflammatory parameters were also evaluated at 8 weeks.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity 2 weeks after allogenic METS-D FMT (median rate of glucose disappearance: from 40.6 to 34.0 µmol/kg/min; p<0.01). Moreover, a trend (p=0.052) towards faster intestinal transit time following RYGB-D FMT was seen. Finally, we observed changes in faecal bile acids (increased lithocholic, deoxycholic and (iso)lithocholic acid after METS-D FMT), inflammatory markers (decreased adipose tissue chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) gene expression and plasma CCL2 after RYGB-D FMT) and changes in several intestinal microbiota taxa.ConclusionAllogenic FMT using METS-D decreases insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome recipients when compared with using post-RYGB-D. Further research is needed to delineate the role of donor characteristics in FMT efficacy in human insulin-resistant subjects.Trial registration numberNTR4327.

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