Theoretically driven experiments may clarify questions about the bilingual advantage

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLARA MARTON
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Executive Processing ◽  
Keynote Paper ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In her keynote paper, Valian (2014) provides a comprehensive review of the literature that examines whether bilingual individuals outperform monolingual participants on various executive processing tasks. The author acknowledges that numerous factors contribute to the outcomes, such as variations in participants’ profile, differences in target functions, as well as variants of tasks and procedures. She also says in her review that, on the one hand, researchers use different tasks to measure similar functions; while, on the other hand, each of these tasks target somewhat different aspects of executive processing. The most widely used tasks, such as the Stroop or flanker tasks, measure several components of executive functions simultaneously.

Sixty years of research on leadership in Africa: A review of the literature

Leadership ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Fourie ◽  
Suzanne C van der Merwe ◽  
Ben van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The One

This paper reviews peer-reviewed research on leadership in Africa published from 1950 to 2009. The review has a dual purpose. On the one hand, it provides scholars with an entry point to the relatively large body of historical literature by means of a descriptive diachronic analysis of the literature. On the other hand, it also applies a synchronic analysis, and concludes with four interpretative statements on the scholarship on leadership in Africa. These statements are: (i) Scholarship on leadership in Africa has changed, and the change is lopsided; (ii) Female scholars are increasing, and they work on different themes from male scholars; (iii) Legitimacy remains a key issue, and continues to evolve; (iv) Authenticity has become a key issue and is now closely related to reclaiming African values.

scholarly journals Danske intellektuelle på Facebook - eksemplificeret ved Svend Brinkmann og Carsten Jensen

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (65) ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Erik Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article analyses how two unique Danish intellectual voices, Professor Svend Brinkmann and writer Carsten Jensen, use Facebook as a platform. It argues, on the one hand, that Facebook offers direct access to the two intellectuals’ followers and readers but on the other hand also creates communicative challenges. The article asks in particular whether the Brinkmann and Jensen follow or depart form the communicative practices afforded by the platform. After an initial review of the literature about the public intellectual, the analysis of Brinkmann’s and Jensen’s use of Facebook shows how Brinkman manages to invent new short forms which grant him extended public impact, whereas Jensen uses Facebook to extend his work as a polemist. Moreover, the analysis argues that both intellectuals perform a private self and position themselves vertically and authoritatively in relation to their followers. In addition, like most other Facebook users, they also promote themselves and their activities. Habermas once pointed to social media’s ambivalences vis à vis the intellectual. The article’s analysis substantiates this claim.  

scholarly journals Do bilinguals outperform monolinguals in switching tasks? Contrary evidence for nonlinguistic and linguistic switching tasks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
E. Mas-Herrero ◽  
D. Adrover-Roig ◽  
M. Ruz ◽  
R. de Diego-Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Task Preparation ◽  
Language Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Switching Task ◽  
Contrary Evidence

Abstract The benefits of bilingualism in executive functions are highly debated. Even so, in switching tasks, these effects seem robust, although smaller than initially thought (Gunnerud et al., 2020; Ware et al., 2020). By handling two languages throughout their lifespan, bilinguals appear to train their executive functions and show benefits in nonlinguistic switching tasks compared to monolinguals. Nevertheless, because bilinguals need to control for the interference of another language, they may show a disadvantage when dealing with task-switching paradigms requiring language control, particularly when those are performed in their less dominant language. The present work explored this issue by studying bilingualism’s effects on task-switching within the visual and language domains. On the one hand, our results show that bilinguals were overall faster and presented reduced switch costs compared to monolinguals when performing perceptual geometric judgments with no time for task preparation. On the other hand, no bilingual advantage was found when a new sample of comparable bilinguals and monolinguals completed a within-language switching task. Our results provide clear evidence favoring the bilingual advantage, yet only when the task imposes greater executive demands and does not involve language control.

scholarly journals Les cadres de l’expérience vidéoludique et la distribution des ressources attentionnelles dans les jeux de rôle en ligne : une alternative à la notion d’immersion

2014 ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Duret
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The term immersion, when applied to RPGs and video games, refers to phenomena that sometimes pertain to perception, sometimes psychology. It means a sensation experienced by the player in their relationship with the diegesis of the game, with the stories generated when interacting with the game itself or with their character. Immersion therefore appears to be a concept whose usefulness for game studies seems to be compromised by the multiplicity of phenomena it covers. We therefore propose to, on the one hand uncover the different meanings of immersion through a review of the literature, and on the other hand, to offer an alternative to this notion by proposing an explanatory model which subsumes the phenomena to which it refers in conjunction with the concepts of attentional resource distribution and the framing of the videoludic experience.

The Issues

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
JAMES FLY JONES
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Varicella Infection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Recommendations ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
The One ◽  
Oral Doses

The recent FDA label warnings of severe varicella infection following corticosteroid therapy and therapeutic recommendations are provocative.1 On the one hand, the warnings appropriately raise the level of concern regarding the seriousness of varicella infection in healthy and immunosuppressed children. On the other hand, the blanket inclusion of corticosteroids of all administration modes without reference to dosage, proof of immunosuppression, and subsequent increased risk, is of concern. A review of the literature regarding steroids and varicella supports high oral doses (≥1.0 mg/kg of prednisone) as being associated with rare fatalities.2

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

Pembaharuan Pesantren: Arah dan Implikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Wahyudin Noor
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Term

Abstract Pesantren are often associated with backwardness and traditionalism in everything: facilities, technology, learning methods, and even the curriculum. For now, it seems like the traditional term for pesantren is no longer relevant enough. The pace of movement in the era of renewal marked by the rapid development of technology has demanded pesantren to make adjustments. However, on the one hand, when viewed from the direction of change, the reform efforts pursued by pesantren are not to erase the old tradition, but merely to add something new so that the old tradition and conditions can be maintained while accepting the presence of a new one. On the other hand, the reform efforts undertaken by pesantren have implications for the fact that the typical values of the pesantren are fading away. Abstrak  Pesantren seringkali diasosiasikan dengan keterbelakangan dan tradisional dalam segala hal: fasilitas, teknologi, metode pembelajaran, dan bahkan kurikulumnya. Untuk saat ini, sepertinya istilah tradisional untuk pesantren, sudah tidak lagi cukup relevan. Laju gerak pembaharuan zaman yang ditandai dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi telah menuntut pesantren untuk melakukan penyesuaian diri. Kendatipun demikian, di satu sisi, jika dilihat dari arah perubahan, upaya pembaharuan yang ditempuh pesantren tidaklah untuk menghapus tradisi yang lama, tetapi sekadar menambah dengan sesuatu yang baru sehingga tradisi maupun kondisi yang lama bisa dipertahankan sambil menerima kehadiran yang baru. Di sisi yang lain, upaya pembaharuan yang dilakukan pesantren ternyata berimplikasi pada kenyataan akan semakin pudarnya nilai-nilai khas yang dimiliki oleh pesantren.

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM IMPLEMENTASI SIFAT FINAL DAN BINDING PUTUSAN YANG DIBUAT OLEH BASYARNAS DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BISNIS SYARIAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Karimatul Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

BASYARNAS’s verdict in resolving dispute can be negotiated or cancelled by submitting nullification to the Religious Court if the parties or one of them felt dissatisfied with the BASYARNAS verdicts. This case is important to be reviewed academically because of its paradox and ambiguity. On the one hand the decision is final and binding, but on the other hand it could be cancelled through the Religious Court. If the BASYARNAS verdicts really want to be final and binding, the nullification of the verdicts should be abolished. It can be replaced by an amendment of the verdict submitted to BASYARNAS and handed back to the arbitrator (arbitrator panel) who handles the dispute. Apart being fast and confidential, the arbitrator (judge) is more aware of the case, the reasons, evidences and witnesses of the dispute.

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