Multilink for bilingual language production

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 687-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVA IVANOVA ◽  
DANIEL KLEINMAN
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

A major benefit of computational models is their ability to demonstrate which theoretical assumptions are truly necessary to explain a pattern of data. Dijkstra, Wahl, Buytenhuijs, van Halem, Al-jibouri, de Korte, and Rekké (in press) have impressively shown with Multilink that it is possible to account for a range of findings from bilingual lexical decision, word naming, and forward and backward translation tasks with an integrated lexicon, without lateral connections between translation equivalents, and without inhibition. In this commentary, we consider the applicability of the current model to other multilingual language production tasks, and note where the model's assumptions might need revision as its scope is expanded.

Frequency and Consistency Effects in Polysyllabic Word Naming and Lexical Decision

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin M. Kearns ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Robert Putnam ◽  
Reem Al Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Polysyllabic Word ◽  
Consistency Effects

scholarly journals Inducing Implicit Arguments from Comparable Texts: A Framework and Its Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roth ◽  
Anette Frank
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Implicit Argument ◽  
Implicit Arguments ◽  
Argument Realization ◽  
Projection Approach ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Graph Based Model ◽  
A Current ◽  
Sentential Meaning

In this article, we investigate aspects of sentential meaning that are not expressed in local predicate–argument structures. In particular, we examine instances of semantic arguments that are only inferable from discourse context. The goal of this work is to automatically acquire and process such instances, which we also refer to as implicit arguments, to improve computational models of language. As contributions towards this goal, we establish an effective framework for the difficult task of inducing implicit arguments and their antecedents in discourse and empirically demonstrate the importance of modeling this phenomenon in discourse-level tasks. Our framework builds upon a novel projection approach that allows for the accurate detection of implicit arguments by aligning and comparing predicate–argument structures across pairs of comparable texts. As part of this framework, we develop a graph-based model for predicate alignment that significantly outperforms previous approaches. Based on such alignments, we show that implicit argument instances can be automatically induced and applied to improve a current model of linking implicit arguments in discourse. We further validate that decisions on argument realization, although being a subtle phenomenon most of the time, can considerably affect the perceived coherence of a text. Our experiments reveal that previous models of coherence are not able to predict this impact. Consequently, we develop a novel coherence model, which learns to accurately predict argument realization based on automatically aligned pairs of implicit and explicit arguments.

Bringing Computational Models of Word Naming Down to the Item Level

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Spieler ◽  
David A. Balota
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Connectionist Models ◽  
Item Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Naming Latencies

Early noncomputational models of word recognition have typically attempted to account for effects of categorical factors such as word frequency (high vs low) and spelling-to-sound regularity (regular vs irregular) More recent computational models that adhere to general connectionist principles hold the promise of being sensitive to underlying item differences that are only approximated by these categorical factors In contrast to earlier models, these connectionist models provide predictions of performance for individual items In the present study, we used the item-level estimates from two connectionist models (Plaut, McClelland, Seidenberg, & Patterson, 1996, Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989) to predict naming latencies on the individual items on which the models were trained The results indicate that the models capture, at best, slightly more variance than simple log frequency and substantially less than the combined predictive power of log frequency, neighborhood density, and orthographic length. The discussion focuses on the importance of examining the item-level performance of word-naming models and possible approaches that may improve the models' sensitivity to such item differences

scholarly journals Koncept članstva u bh. bibliotekama: od samoupravljanja k participaciji

Bosniaca ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Emina Adilović
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Participatory Model

Cilj ovog rada jeste propitati mogućnosti i domete učesničkog modela djelovanja bh. biblioteka u periodu samoupravnog socijalizma za potrebe reosmišljavanja načina poslovanja i odnosa s korisnicima/cama biblioteke kroz novi, participativni pristup. Učesničko djelovanje u prijeratnim bh. bibliotekama i teorijske postavke participatornog bibliotekarstva mogu poslužiti kao polazna tačka za promišljanje modela uključivanja korisnika/ca biblioteke u svojstvu njenih članova/ica. Rezultati ovog rada nastojat će pokazati da učesnički bibliotečki model uvijek zavisi od pojedinih društveno-političkih aspekata državnog uređenja, polazi od različitih metodologija i načina suradnje, ali i da određena vrsta shvatanja učešća dalje implicira širi građanski angažman ili pak verifikaciju postojećeg društvenog stanja. Važnost je ove analize u boljem razumijevanju dvije vrste učesničkog pristupa u bibliotekama koji zbog redefiniranja odnosa s korisnicima/cama mogu polučiti različite oblike društvenog djelovanja i upravljanja.--------------------------------------------Concept of membership in BiH libraries: from self-management towards participationThe aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities and scope of the participatory model of BIH libraries in the period of self-governing socialism for the purpose of rethinking the way of doing business and relations with library users through a new, participatory approach. Participatory activities in pre-war BIH libraries and theoretical assumptions of participatory librarianship can serve as a starting point for considering the current model of involving library users in their capacity as its members. The results of this paper will try to show that the participatory library model always depends on certain socio-political aspects of government, starting from different methodologies and ways of cooperation, but also that certain type of understanding of participation further implies wider civic engagement or verification of the existing social situation. The importance of this analysis is in a better understanding of the two types of participatory approaches in libraries that, due to redefining relationships with users, can lead to different forms of social action and management.

scholarly journals Models of tendon development and injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia K. Theodossiou ◽  
Nathan R. Schiele
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Tendon Development ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractTendons link muscle to bone and transfer forces necessary for normal movement. Tendon injuries can be debilitating and their intrinsic healing potential is limited. These challenges have motivated the development of model systems to study the factors that regulate tendon formation and tendon injury. Recent advances in understanding of embryonic and postnatal tendon formation have inspired approaches that aimed to mimic key aspects of tendon development. Model systems have also been developed to explore factors that regulate tendon injury and healing. We highlight current model systems that explore developmentally inspired cellular, mechanical, and biochemical factors in tendon formation and tenogenic stem cell differentiation. Next, we discuss in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, and computational models of tendon injury that examine how mechanical loading and biochemical factors contribute to tendon pathologies and healing. These tendon development and injury models show promise for identifying the factors guiding tendon formation and tendon pathologies, and will ultimately improve regenerative tissue engineering strategies and clinical outcomes.

Temperature Predictions and Comparison With Measurements for the Blade Leading Edge and Platform of a 1-1/2 Stage Transonic HP Turbine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mathison ◽  
M. B. Wishart ◽  
C. W. Haldeman ◽  
M. G. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Blade Leading Edge

A series of computational predictions generated using FINE/Turbo are compared with data to investigate implementation techniques available for predicting temperature migration through a turbine stage. The experimental results used for comparison are from a one-and-one-half stage turbine operating at design-corrected conditions in a short-duration facility. Measurements of the boundary conditions are used to set up the computational models, and the predicted temperatures are compared to measured fluid temperatures at the blade leading edge and just above the blade platform. Fluid temperature measurements have not previously been available for these locations in a transonic turbine operating at design-corrected conditions, so this represents a novel comparison. Accurate predictions for this short-duration turbine experiment require use of the iso-thermal wall boundary condition instead of an adiabatic boundary condition and accurate specification of the inlet temperature profile all the way to the wall. Predictions using the harmonic method agree with the temperatures measured for the blade leading edge from 65% to 95% span to within 1% normalized temperature data. Agreement over much of the rest of the leading edge is within 5% of the measured value. Comparisons at 5–10% span and for the blade platform show larger differences up to 10%, which indicates that the flow in this region is not fully captured by the prediction. This is not surprising since the purge cavity and platform leading edge features present in the experiment are treated as a smooth hub wall in the current simulation. This work represents a step towards the larger goal of accurately predicting surface heat-flux for the complicated environment of an operational engine as it is reproduced in a laboratory setting. The experiment upon which these computations are based includes realistic complications such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional inlet temperature profiles, a heavily film-cooled vane, and purge cooling. While the ultimate goal is to accurately handle all of these features, the current model focuses on the treatment of a subset of experiments performed for a one-dimensional radial inlet temperature profile and no cooling.

scholarly journals The cognitive processing of the allomorphy in Serbian

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Tamara Jovanovic ◽  
Dusica Filipovic-Djurdjevic ◽  
Petar Milin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Testing Hypothesis ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Visual Lexical Decision

In this work, we explored cognitive status of suffix allomorphy of the masculine nouns in instrumental singular in Serbian language (eg. misom-misem; puzom-puzem). Allomorphy represents distinct variations in form of the morpheme which does not influence it?s function and meaning (cf. Lyons, 1968). Despite it?s frequent appearance in speech and language production, it has rarely been a subject of psycholinguistic explorations. First goal of this research was to determine whether the cognitive processing of allomorphic nouns has it?s specificities and second goal was to create the base for making and testing hypothesis regarding morphological and/or phonological factors that influence suffix alternation in forming of instrumental singular of masculine nouns. We conducted visual lexical decision experiment and applied a questionnaire created for the needs of investigating allomorphy in language production. Results showed that at least two processes influence cognitive processing of masculine nouns in instrumental singular: (a) certain morpho-phonological restrictions that influence appearance of the suffix-em, and (b) allomorphy - variations in suffix in instrumental singular. In addition, the findings indicate that allomorphy could be the consequence of the tendency to use more frequent suffix (-om), that eases the processing, and blocks the influence of the morpho-phonological restrictions.

Grammaticale Constructies En Micro-Planning Bij Tekstproductie

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Joost Schilperoord
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Account

In this paper it is argued that, contrary to computational models of language production, in the production system grammatical knowledge takes the form of conventionalized declarative schemes. Such schemes can be identified as a particular function word and an obliged element, for instance, a noun and a determiner. The argument is based on a particular pause pattern observed written language production. A cognitive linguistic account of the notion 'grammatical scheme' is given through a dicussion of Langacker's Usage based model of linguistic knowledge and the 'mental grammar'.

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