The body of the martyr. Between an archival exercise and the recovery of his suffering. The need for a recovery of humanity in osteoarchaeology

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ion
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Catholic Bishop ◽  
Ethical Discussion ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Scientific Objects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper addresses the limits of the methods and questions asked by osteoarchaeologists when dealing with human remains. Osteoarchaeologists seem to take for granted that through the study of such remains they can say something relevant about a past individual's identity, something about the nature of their being. Since the early 1990s various voices have questioned these assumptions, also claiming that the study and display of human remains are unethical. It is my intention to rethink the topic of ethics in osteoarchaeology by shifting the focus to the research questions and methods we employ – what kind of evidence are we looking for and what kinds of relationship are we establishing with those earlier lives? By taking as a starting point the analysis of the remains of the Greek Catholic Bishop Vasile Aftenie, killed during the Communist regime, I explore the view practitioners take as the legitimate way of framing the relationship between past and present and the transformation of bones into scientific objects. In the end I propose that such a re-evaluation, alongside an opening of our discipline towards anthropology, can contribute to a recovery of humanity as part of the academic discourse, which should be the key element in any ethical discussion.

scholarly journals TMJ Dysfunction and Systemic Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Giuseppe Musumeci
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

In recent years it has been conclusively shown how the position of the mouth in relation to the body affects the way of walking and standing. In particular, occlusion, the relationship between skull and jaw, swallowing and convergence of the eyes are in neuro-muscular relationship with the control and maintenance system of posture, integrating at different levels. This manuscript aims to be a summary of all the oral, occlusal and articular dysfunctions of TMJ with systemic and postural–muscular repercussions. Recent articles found in the literature that are taken into consideration and briefly analyzed represent an important starting point for these correlations, which are still unclear in the medical field. Posturology, occlusal and oral influences on posture, spine and muscular system are still much debated today. In the literature, there are articles concerning sports performance and dental occlusion or even the postural characteristics of adolescents or children in deciduous and mixed dentition. The temporomandibular joint, as the only joint of the skull, could therefore represent a site to pay particular attention to, and in some cases an ATM dysfunction could be a clue for the diagnosis of systemic pathologies, or it could be the repercussion.

The Relationship Between Disturbance of Liver Function and Mental Disease

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (362) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Berkenau
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liver Tests

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to correlate results obtained from liver tests with the nosological demarcation of psychoses. The knowledge of the outstanding importance of the liver in general metabolism (it provides 12% of the turnover of energy of the body) and of its relation to some organic diseases of brain has been the subject of numerous investigations. Expectation of finding the starting-point of any disease in the liver, however, will at first not be placed too high if one recollects that every gland is only part of a system. Even where the symptoms of liver or other glandular impairment are characteristic for limited groups of psychoses deductions must be guarded, and the discovery of an unequivocal bodily symptom does not mean elucidation of the aetiology of a mental disease.

scholarly journals Adjusting Swedish gymnastics to the female nature: Discrepancies in the gendering of girls’ physical education in the mid-nineteenth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The Relationship

During the nineteenth century, Swedish gymnastics became one of the main models of physical education in the Western world. The purpose of this article is to explore how Swedish gymnastics was adjusted to the female body and mind in the mid-nineteenth century. Using handbooks published by the Swedish educationalist Anton Santesson as an empirical starting point, this article shows how the relationship between gender and gymnastics was complicated and exhibited significant discrepancies. In part, Swedish gymnastics was marked by a one-sex model of gender differences, which meant that gymnastics was perceived as a method for catering to the deficiencies and weaknesses of the feminine nature, in an attempt to make girls and young women more similar to boys. Swedish gymnastics had, nevertheless, vital elements of a two-sex model, according to which gymnastics was supposed to realise the true feminine nature of girls. Following this line of thought, Santesson claimed that, since gymnastics merely followed the laws of the body, it could not make girls more like boys. Santesson’s vision of gymnastics also included disciplinary mechanisms, such as the partitioning of space, which were gender neutral. Apart from presenting insights into the ambiguous and contradictory notions of gender in Swedish girls’ gymnastics, this article thus also raises questions regarding whether other models of physical education were marked by similar discrepancies during the nineteenth century. 

Traces of a Tango: The Club Invites Me to Dance—a Study of Materiality in Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
Paola Vasconcelos Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Bodies

This paper is based on my master's thesis, which was developed in 2013–2014 at the Graduation Program in Performing Arts at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). This study aimed to reflect on the processes of developing an artistic experiment conducted from the encounter between my body and the club in transient places in the city of Porto Alegre. The starting point emerged from the experience of the artist in the practice of tango from a dialogue bias between peers. The object, in this proposal, becomes a present and active body—a lively piece that will enhance a one-to-one conversation. It is thus intended that the dance results from the relationship between two bodies, and not from the manipulation of one body over another. Therefore, the study finds resonance in the theoretical possibility of thinking of non-human bodies as vibrant matter with the capability to generate relationships and movements. In that way, this meeting would lead to a loss of the self. This study also contributes to a debate on proposals for dance training, as this research has chosen a path of building the danced relationship with the object from the kinesthetic perception of the body in motion. Finally, this study tenses the production of knowledge in the academic field, by assuming that the body produces a kind of knowledge—an embodied knowledge—which must be recognized and legitimized.

Between the Body, the Object and the Image: Dance and the Visual Arts in Puppet Art

Maska ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (179) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Renaud Herbin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

The close connection between creation, theory, and institutions is the starting point for the author’s reflection on the kinds of spaces the latter should prepare. He emphasises that of particular interest are those spaces that are established between different approaches (or rather relationships between the body, the object, and the image). In Reprendre son soufflé by Julika Mayer, the puppet and the actor form a relationship that leaves none of the participants untouched but allows their identities to be changed. Similarly, the puppeteer-dancer in Uta Gebert’s Anubis reveals himself in order to uncover the relationship which links him and the puppet: both exist solely in motion, in the zone of exchange. Bodies and objects, assembled into body-objects, seem to meet by chance in Miet Warlop’s Springville, but in the forefront is the Image, which follows a visual logic in placing the body-objects in different configurations. On the other hand, the space occupied by the body in Yngvild Aspeli’s Signaux is undefined: the actor, his puppet-double, and his phantom limb embody a feeling of strangeness and pain. In the project Anémochore, Christophe Le Blay enables the embodiment of the environment (the wind) in the image of a recorded trace, with which a dancer then engages in dance. Space is therefore something unfinished, something open, undefinable and empty, all of which applies equally to bodies, objects, and images.

scholarly journals Impact of Knowledge-based Program Management Resource on Social Enterprise Sustainability: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Arif-Ud-Din ◽  
Syed Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this research is to look at knowledge-based programme management resources as a starting point for investigating the relationship between Team programme management resources and social enterprise sustainability in underdeveloped countries. This article examines data from 300 programme management personnel of social businesses in Pakistan who responded to a self-administered and online survey. The link between team programme management resources and social business sustainability was investigated using structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). A total of 9 critical indicators of the team programme management assets have a substantial impact on the three sustainability pillars (Social, economic and environmental). This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between programme management resources and the long-term sustainability of social enterprises. Few publications have looked into intangible programme management resources as a basis of sustainability using the RBV of the organization. This study adds to the body of knowledge on the RBV of the business and advances our consideration of programme management resources as a foundation of long-term sustainability.

The uncreated man. A story of archaeology and imagination

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
The South ◽  
Epistemic Violence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat is the place of imagination in archaeology? This paper works with a set of materials from the deep archive of the South African archaeologist John Goodwin (1900–59) to explore the relationship between archaeology and imagination. The first half of the paper focuses on a short story written by Goodwin, describing the accidental creation and subsequent ‘uncreation’ of an indigenous person of the Cape (described in the story as a ‘Hottentot’) by the gods on Olympus. The second half of the paper describes two encounters in life between Goodwin and indigenous people of the Cape (the first with the so-called ‘Tweerivieren Bushmen’, exhibited in life at the Empire Exhibition of 1936; the second with the human remains from Oakhurst Cave). Encounters in life, in death and in imagination, the terms of these three episodes double and repeat one another in the different forms of writing to which they give rise (the imagined world of the short story, and the ‘bare description’ of Goodwin's archaeological texts). At the centre of each is the haunted figure of the ‘Bushman’/‘Hottentot’, a being whose status is figured as a kind of ‘death-in-life’. In my telling, forms of actual and epistemic violence are never far from these events. Looking, showing and telling are described as activities which range across a set of characteristic sites: the body, the archive and the grave. In so doing, they summon their counterparts, the categories of the unspeakable and the untellable.

scholarly journals Grotesque Corporeality: Queering The Bulge In Gay Male Underwear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Williams
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
The Grotesque

This creative Major Research Project (MRP) uses a practice-led research method approach to investigate a correlation between the queer body and the grotesque. The research questions attempt to explore the way queer bodies are used to transgress and subvert both heteronormative and homonormative ideologies and masculinities using grotesque humour. This project also examines the relationship between fashion and the body to resist normative values and ideals. Artistic practices combine to create a volume of work consisting of collage, underwear garments, and photographs. These creative outputs are then analyzed and discussed with a focus on Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the grotesque and carnivalesque, Gilles Deleuze’s theory of the Body without Organs, and queer theory.

scholarly journals The idea of incarnation revisited by Jung, Gadamer and Henry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Paweł Sznajder
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Michel Henry ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

The idea of incarnation is one of the Christian theological concepts that has exerted the strongest influence on philosophical thought in Europe and which was repeatedly referred to in the twentieth century. The paper presents three reinterpretations of this biblical category. Carl Gustav Jung interprets incarnation in the spirit of Gnosticism, as a process of the psychological individuation of God and man; Hans‑Georg Gadamer employs the idea of the inner Word, Verbum interius, to analyse the dogmas of incarnation and the Trinity: seeking in them a solution to the mystery of language; while Michel Henry reaches for the Bible and theology to face anew the issue of human corporeality. These attempts to rethink the theological aspects of the Incarnation of the Son of God reveal the role of this notion in the development of modern psychology, the hermeneutic philosophy of language as well as in anthropology. At the same time, a philosophical reinterpretation of incarnation provides an impulse to rephrase the questions about the relationship between philosophy and theology, as well as faith and reason, good and evil, the relationship between God and man, the mind and the body, as well as speech and thinking. On the other hand, provisional answers to these questions may rekindle theological thought and contribute to the revival of reflection on issues such as the Holy Trinity, the Immaculate and Virgin Conception, or a privation theory of evil. The article provides a starting point for just such a multi‑faceted analysis.

Archaeology and the Body

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Wesp ◽  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Questions

The body has become a central focus of archaeological research as practitioners ask questions about the role of individual human beings, their engagement with things, and the effects of embodied actions in the past. The body can serve as a starting point for analyzing diversity in past populations in terms of sex, gender, status, ethnicity, ability, and other aspects of identity. Study of the human body allows practitioners to reconstruct how culture change affected portions of populations in different ways. Archaeologists draw on a wide range of social theories from allied disciplines that have explored gender, race, ability, and philosophical understandings of living in a body to explore how material remains of past populations can be used to provide temporal depth to questions about embodiment. Archaeologists employ a variety of materials to address embodiment, ranging from human skeletal remains, materials used as clothing and adornment, tools employed as extensions of the body, and objects and immobile features that structure embodied experiences. This diversity of materials facilitates examination of similarly diverse research questions, including phenomenological understandings of how the world is experienced through the body and the senses; how cultural practices modified bodies; how visual culture, including representations of bodies, create and change body ideologies; and how skeletal remains were shaped by daily life in the past. In recent years, archaeologists have begun to reflect on the ethical implications of archaeological research on human bodies and how this research can be conducted to include perspectives from descendant communities and the public regarding research questions and the presentation of results. Archaeologists also consider how their own experiences are shaped by working with human remains.

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