The Role of Microscopy in Quality Control, Litigation and Forensic Studies of Hides, Skins and Leather

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
Robin H Cross
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Chemical Damage ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Finishing Processes

The economic importance of animal hides and skins as the source material for the natural leather industry is significant world-wide, and in some countries of the developing world the livelihood of a large proportion of the population depends upon it. Consequently, it is understandable that anything affecting the quality of the source material and the finished product has major economic, industrial and sociological significance. It is also inevitable that a product that is so widely-used in many ways by most of the population will become an important source of evidence in forensic investigations.Quality control procedures in the leather industry involve monitoring the progress of the hides and skins from the growth stages of the animal, through the slaughter, storage, transportation, curing, tanning and finishing processes, to the sale and distribution of the finished product. There are many factors during these stages that can affect quality of finished leather, amongst the most important of which are mechanical and parasite damage during growth, biodeterioration and mechanical damage between slaughter and curing, mechanical, heat and chemical damage during curing, tanning and finishing.

The Response of Textured Yarn Properties to Process Variables in Relation to Barré

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mcgregor ◽  
J. A. Adeimy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
False Twist

The dyeing behavior of conventional false-twist pin-textured polyester yarns has been studied as a function of the texturing variables. Three different dyes and three different dyeing procedures were employed. The data obtained are discussed in relation to existing quality-control procedures for textured yarns and the role of feed-yarn non-uniformity in barré problems.

scholarly journals Role of exogenous folic acid in alleviation of morphological and anatomical inhibition on salinity-induced stress in barley

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kilic ◽  
Hatice Tuğba Aca
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Vigour Index

Soil salinity is a serious threat to agricultural ecological environment and agriculture sustainability. Ever increasing salinity negatively affects processes such as plant growth and development, ultimately causing diminished economic yield and quality of production, and it might cause a worldwide famine in the future. Thus, helping plants adapt to saline soils and increasing their yield and quality is a must. Our study focused on the enhancing role of exogenously applied folic acid (FA) in mitigation of toxicity caused by salt (NaCl). Barley seeds were pre-treated with 50 <span>µ</span>M FA for 24 h and then exposed to salt. Morphological and anatomical changes in seed germination and seedling growth stages were compared between different treatments of salt in laboratory conditions. Adverse effects of salt in both germination and seedling growth stages depended on the concentration of salt treatment (0.0, 0.25, 0.275, 0.30, 0.325 and 0.35 M). It was shown that the application of FA effectively alleviated the salt-induced inhibition, and reduced the negative effects of salt on germination (germination index and vigour index), seedling growth (radicle and coleoptile lengths, fresh weight) and leaf (stomata and epidermis number, stomatal index, stomata sizes of adaxial and abaxial surfaces) parameters. Moreover, FA elevated all examined parameters of barley also under non-stress conditions. Especially, germination and vigour indices were significantly higher than the control. Our results suggest that exogenous FA is involved in the resistance of barley to salt-stress.

scholarly journals Quality Control of Pre-1948 Cooperative Observer Network Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Kunkel ◽  
David R. Easterling ◽  
Kenneth Hubbard ◽  
Kelly Redmond ◽  
Karen Andsager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Data Value ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Special Quality

Abstract A recent comprehensive effort to digitize U.S. daily temperature and precipitation data observed prior to 1948 has resulted in a major enhancement in the computer database of the records of the National Weather Service’s cooperative observer network. Previous digitization efforts had been selective, concentrating on state or regional areas. Special quality control procedures were applied to these data to enhance their value for climatological analysis. The procedures involved a two-step process. In the first step, each individual temperature and precipitation data value was evaluated against a set of objective screening criteria to flag outliers. These criteria included extreme limits and spatial comparisons with nearby stations. The following data were automatically flagged: 1) all precipitation values exceeding 254 mm (10 in.) and 2) all temperature values whose anomaly from the monthly mean for that station exceeded five standard deviations. Additional values were flagged based on differences with nearby stations; in this case, metrics were used to rank outliers so that the limited resources were concentrated on those values most likely to be invalid. In the second step, each outlier was manually assessed by climatologists and assigned one of the four following flags: valid, plausible, questionable, or invalid. In excess of 22 400 values were manually assessed, of which about 48% were judged to be invalid. Although additional manual assessment of outliers might further improve the quality of the database, the procedures applied in this study appear to have been successful in identifying the most flagrant errors.

What is the quality of quality control procedures?

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Henric de Verdier ◽  
Torgny Groth ◽  
James O. Westgard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Procedures

scholarly journals Book review – Standards, quality control, and measurement sciences in 3D printing and additive manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
3D Printed

There is a gap between 3D Printing’s fast pace of development and the acceptance of 3D Printing technologies by other industries and applications. This hesitation comes mostly from unanswered questions about the consistency, reproducibility, and quality of 3D printed products. Although the list of excellent examples demonstrating its potential keeps expanding, a wide and thorough adoption of the technology requires crucial, yet currently missing elements including consensus standards, quality control procedures, and measuring methodologies. Progress in developing these elements, however, has been rather limited.

The Role of Composite Repair Technology in Rehabilitating Piping and Pipelines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Repair Technology

Composite materials have been used to repair high pressure pipelines and piping for the better part of 20 years. The initial aim of composite repair technology was focused on reinforcing corrosion. However, composite materials are now used to reinforce a wide array of anomalies and features including dents, mechanical damage, vintage girth and seam welds, wrinkle bends, elbows, tees, branch connections, and even cracks. In this paper the author provides an industry overview including results and insights from multiple research programs sponsored by composite repair manufacturers, pipeline operators, and the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. Discussions will also be included regarding the important role that the ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 composite repair standards have in ensuring that quality control measures are in place. The ongoing focus of these efforts has been to demonstrate to industry the capabilities that composite repair systems have to provide long-term solutions for reinforcing damaged equipment.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Quality Control of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-qi Song ◽  
Xin-li Mao ◽  
Xian-bin Zhou ◽  
Sai-qin He ◽  
Ya-hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Intestinal Preparation

With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming ubiquitous, and their utility in gastroenteroscopy is beginning to be recognized. Digestive endoscopy is a conventional and reliable method of examining and diagnosing digestive tract diseases. However, with the increase in the number and types of endoscopy, problems such as a lack of skilled endoscopists and difference in the professional skill of doctors with different degrees of experience have become increasingly apparent. Most studies thus far have focused on using computers to detect and diagnose lesions, but improving the quality of endoscopic examination process itself is the basis for improving the detection rate and correctly diagnosing diseases. In the present study, we mainly reviewed the role of AI in monitoring systems, mainly through the endoscopic examination time, reducing the blind spot rate, improving the success rate for detecting high-risk lesions, evaluating intestinal preparation, increasing the detection rate of polyps, automatically collecting maps and writing reports. AI can even perform quality control evaluations for endoscopists, improve the detection rate of endoscopic lesions and reduce the burden on endoscopists.

scholarly journals Mitophagy and Mitochondria Biogenesis Are Differentially Induced in Rat Skeletal Muscles during Immobilization and/or Remobilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
Christiane Deval ◽  
Julie Calonne ◽  
Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon ◽  
Emilie Vazeille ◽  
Daniel Bechet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Mitochondria Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Groups

Mitochondria alterations are a classical feature of muscle immobilization, and autophagy is required for the elimination of deficient mitochondria (mitophagy) and the maintenance of muscle mass. We focused on the regulation of mitochondrial quality control during immobilization and remobilization in rat gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, which have very different atrophy and recovery kinetics. We studied mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamic, movement along microtubules, and addressing to autophagy. Our data indicated that mitochondria quality control adapted differently to immobilization and remobilization in GA and TA muscles. Data showed i) a disruption of mitochondria dynamic that occurred earlier in the immobilized TA, ii) an overriding role of mitophagy that involved Parkin-dependent and/or independent processes during immobilization in the GA and during remobilization in the TA, and iii) increased mitochondria biogenesis during remobilization in both muscles. This strongly emphasized the need to consider several muscle groups to study the mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy and their ability to recover, in order to provide broad and/or specific clues for the development of strategies to maintain muscle mass and improve the health and quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals ARTEMIS, THE 14C AMS FACILITY OF THE LMC14 NATIONAL LABORATORY: A STATUS REPORT ON QUALITY CONTROL AND MICROSAMPLE PROCEDURES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christophe Moreau ◽  
Cyrielle Messager ◽  
Bernard Berthier ◽  
Stéphane Hain ◽  
Bruno Thellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Accurate Procedure ◽  
Primary And Secondary Standards ◽  
Routine Procedures

ABSTRACT Quality control procedures have been developed at the Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (LMC14) national laboratory throughout the years of operation. Routine procedures are applied to sample preparation depending on their composition and their size. The tuning of the ARTEMIS AMS facility, hosted by the LMC14 laboratory, uses an accurate procedure. A batch of unknown samples is measured with accompanying samples (primary and secondary standards and blanks), which give a powerful set of data to control the quality of each measurement. A homemade database has been created to store the sample information and study the evolution of the accompanying samples. The LMC14 laboratory participated in the Sixth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison, SIRI. The results are presented here, with statistical tests to assess the quality of the preparations and measurements done at the LMC14 national laboratory. To obtain a reliable radiocarbon (14C) age by AMS, 1 mg of sample is required in routine analysis. Recently, the LMC14 developed a new procedure dedicated to microsamples, allowing the size of samples to be reduced and contributing to opening 14C dating to materials that were previously unreachable. This new procedure has been successfully tested on valuable Cultural Heritage samples: lead white mural paintings.

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