Effects of Co60 Irradiation on Muscle Fiber Types of the Grass Frog

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 852-853
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Cohen ◽  
Margaret F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Low Levels

Striated skeletal muscle has been considered radioresistant because it is highly differentiated and post-mitotic. Striated muscle does, however, respond to irradiation with morphological and biochemical changes after short and long latency periods; vascular and/or neurological impairments might contribute to the delayed responses to irradiation.The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of three amphibian muscle fiber types to Co60 irradiation. In amphibians, the three major fiber types are 1) large twitch fibers, which contain low levels of mitochondrial enzymes and lipids, but intermediate levels of glycogen; 2) small twitch fibers, which contain high levels of both glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes (FIG. 1); and tonic fibers, which contain low levels of all three histochemical markers. Thus, the determination of susceptibility of different amphibian fiber types to irradiation might indicate whether the metabolic characteristics of the fibers, rather than morphological or electrical properties, could serve as an early indicator of radiation damage.

Blood flow to different skeletal muscle fiber types during contraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. H265-H275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Mackie ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fast Twitch

Blood flow to fast-twitch red (FTR), fast-twitch white (FTW), and slow-twitch red (STR) muscle fiber sections of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was determined using 15 +/- 3-microns microspheres during in situ stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Steady-state blood flows were assessed during the 10th min of contraction using twitch (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 Hz) and tetanic (7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120/min) stimulation conditions. In addition, an earlier blood flow determination was begun at 3 min (twitch series) or at 30 s (tetanic series) of stimulation. Blood flow was highest in the FTR (220-240 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1), intermediate in the STR (140), and lowest in the FTW (70-80) section during tetanic contraction conditions estimated to coincide with the peak aerobic function of each fiber type. These blood flows are fairly proportional to the differences in oxidative capacity among fiber types. Further, their absolute values are similar to those predicted from the relationship between blood flow and oxidative capacity found by others for dog and cat muscles. During low-frequency contraction conditions, initial blood flow to the FTR and STR sections were excessively high and not dependent on contraction frequency. However, blood flows subsequently decreased to values in keeping with the relative energy demands. In contrast, FTW muscle did not exhibit this time-dependent relative hyperemia. Thus, besides the obvious quantitative differences between skeletal muscle fiber types, there are qualitative differences in blood flow response during contractions. Our findings establish that, based on fiber type composition, a heterogeneity in blood flow distribution can occur within a whole muscle during contraction.

Influence of acclimation temperature on mitochondrial DNA, RNA, and enzymes in skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. R905-R912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan James Battersby ◽  
Christopher D. Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Dna Copy Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Content

Skeletal muscle fibers typically undergo modifications in their mitochondrial content, concomitant with alterations in oxidative metabolism that occur during the development of muscle fiber and in response to physiological stimuli. We examined how cold acclimation affects the mitochondrial properties of two fish skeletal muscle fiber types and how the regulators of mitochondrial content differed between tissues. After 2 mo of acclimation to either 4 or 18°C, mitochondrial enzyme activities in both red and white muscle were higher in cold-acclimated fish. No significant differences were detected between acclimation temperatures in the abundance of steady-state mitochondrial mRNA (cytochrome- c oxidase 1, subunit 6 of F0F1-ATPase), rRNA (16S), or DNA copy number. Steady-state mRNA for nuclear-encoded respiratory (adenine nucleotide translocase 1) and glycolytic genes showed high interindividual variability, particularly in the cold-acclimated fish. Although mitochondrial enzymes were 10-fold different between the two muscle types, mitochondrial DNA copy number differed only 4-fold. The relative abundance of mitochondrial mRNA and nuclear mRNA in red and white muscle reflected the differences in copy number of their respective genes. These data suggest that the response to physiological stimuli and determination of tissue-specific mitochondrial properties likely result from the regulation of nuclear-encoded genes.

Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types: Delineation, Development, and Distribution

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Staron
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Human Limb

This brief review attempts to summarize a number of studies on the delineation, development, and distribution of human skeletal muscle fiber types. A total of seven fiber types can be identified in human limb and trunk musculature based on the pH stability/ability of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). For most human muscles, mATPase-based fiber types correlate with the myosin heavy chain (MHC) content. Thus, each histochemically identified fiber has a specific MHC profile. Although this categorization is useful, it must be realized that muscle fibers are highly adaptable and that innumerable fiber type transients exist. Also, some muscles contain specific MHC isoforms and/or combinations that do not permit routine mATPase-based fiber typing. Although the major populations of fast and slow are, for the most part, established shortly after birth, subtle alterations take place throughout life. These changes appear to relate to alterations in activity and/or hormonal levels, and perhaps later in life, total fiber number. Because large variations in fiber type distribution can be found within a muscle and between individuals, interpretation of data gathered from human muscle is often difficult. Key words: aging, myosin heavy chains, myogenesis, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphate

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Types of Broiler Skeletal Muscle Fibers Using the RNA-seq Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Zhonghao Shen ◽  
Xiaolong Zhou ◽  
Songbai Yang ◽  
Feifei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Rna Seq

The difference in muscle fiber types is very important to the muscle development and meat quality of broilers. At present, the molecular regulation mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation in broilers are still unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes between breast and leg muscles in broilers were analyzed using RNA-seq. A total of 767 DEGs were identified. Compared with leg muscle, there were 429 upregulated genes and 338 downregulated genes in breast muscle. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single organism processes, cells, and cellular components, as well as binding and catalytic activity. KEGG analysis shows that a total of 230 DEGs were mapped to 126 KEGG pathways and significantly enriched in the four pathways of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, insulin signalling pathways, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression of 7 selected DEGs, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. In addition, the expression profile of MyHC isoforms in chicken skeletal muscle cells showed that with the extension of differentiation time, the expression of fast fiber subunits (types IIA and IIB) gradually increased, while slow muscle fiber subunits (type I) showed a downward trend after 4 days of differentiation. The differential genes screened in this study will provide some new ideas for further understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle fiber transformation in broilers.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Mitochondrial T3 Receptor p43 Induces a Shift in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Casas ◽  
Laurence Pessemesse ◽  
Stéphanie Grandemange ◽  
Pascal Seyer ◽  
Naïg Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types
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