A Review of Color Blindness for Microscopists: Guidelines and Tools for Accommodating and Coping with Color Vision Deficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Green Color ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
And Coping

Abstract“Color blindness” is a variable trait, including individuals with just slight color vision deficiency to those rare individuals with a complete lack of color perception. Approximately 75% of those with color impairment are green diminished; most of those remaining are red diminished. Red-Green color impairment is sex linked with the vast majority being male. The deficiency results in reds and greens being perceived as shades of yellow; therefore red-green images presented to the public will not illustrate regions of distinction to these individuals. Tools are available to authors wishing to accommodate those with color vision deficiency; most notable are components in FIJI (an extension of ImageJ) and Adobe Photoshop. Using these tools, hues of magenta may be substituted for red in red-green images resulting in striking definition for both the color sighted and color impaired. Web-based tools may be used (importantly) by color challenged individuals to convert red-green images archived in web-accessible journal articles into two-color images, which they may then discern.

scholarly journals Cone Photoreceptor Structure in Patients With X-Linked Cone Dysfunction and Red-Green Color Vision Deficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Patterson ◽  
Melissa Wilk ◽  
Christopher S. Langlo ◽  
Melissa Kasilian ◽  
Michael Ring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Cone Dysfunction

scholarly journals Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Eva M. Valero ◽  
Luis Gómez-Robledo ◽  
Rafael Huertas ◽  
Javier Hernández-Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Normal Observer ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Spectral Filter ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Color Filters

This paper analyzes, through computational simulations, which spectral filters increase the number of discernible colors (NODC) of subjects with normal color vision, as well as red–green anomalous trichromats and dichromats. The filters are selected from a set of filters in which we have modeled spectral transmittances. With the selected filters we have carried out simulations performed using the spectral reflectances captured either by a hyperspectral camera or by a spectrometer. We have also studied the effects of these filters on color coordinates. Finally, we have simulated the results of two widely used color blindness tests: Ishihara and Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue (FM100). In these analyses the selected filters are compared with the commercial filters from EnChroma and VINO companies. The results show that the increase in NODC with the selected filters is not relevant. The simulation results show that none of these chosen filters help color vision deficiency (CVD) subjects to pass the set of color blindness tests studied. These results obtained using standard colorimetry support the hypothesis that the use of color filters does not cause CVDs to have a perception similar to that of a normal observer.

Discrimination of colors by red–green color vision-deficient observers through digitally generated red filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Sato ◽  
Takaaki Inoue ◽  
Shuto Tamura ◽  
Hironori Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Spectral Transmittance ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Colored Filter ◽  
Color Vision Tests

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that with the use of tinted lenses (or colored filters), individuals with red–green color vision deficiency (CVD) report an improvement in their performance on certain color vision tests. In this context, this study examines the effects of a digitally generated red-colored filter and identifies the mechanism mainly responsible for the changes in red–green CVD observers’ performance on a D-15 arrangement test performed using the filter. We simulate the red filter digitally with the spectral transmittance similar to that of the X-Chrom, which is a red-tinted lens. Fourteen red–green CVD subjects are subjected to the D-15 test on a computer monitor under four filter conditions, consisting of one condition without the filter and three conditions with the filter, corresponding to the opacity of the red filter. The results show that while the simulated red filter improves the performance of deutans to arrange the caps in the D-15 test, this is not the case for protans. In addition, considerations based on the human cone-contrast model enable us to identify that the improvement in deutan observers largely results from the increase in the luminance contrast between stimuli and a background. To summarize, the red filter simulated in this study induces different changes in the red–green CVD observer luminance contrast between the protan and deutan types, with the result that the performance of deuteranopes improves while that of protanopes deteriorates.

scholarly journals Smartphone Based Image Color Correction for Color Blindness

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Lamiaa A. Elrefaei
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Color Correction ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Color Blind

<p class="0abstract">Color blind is a type of Color Vision Deficiency, which is the inability that a person could not realize the differences between some colors. There are three types of color blindness: Monochromacy, Dichromacy, and Anomalous Trichromacy. Color blind cannot be cured. Today, technology gets up with solutions to help people with color blindness to see the image and distinguish between the different colors using some algorithms. This paper presents a smartphone based experimental comparison of color correction algorithms for Dichromacy color-blind viewers. This comparison includes LMS Daltonization algorithm, Color-blind Filter Service (CBFS) algorithm, LAB color corrector algorithm, and the shifting color algorithm. The description of the smartphone based implementation details and parameters settings of these algorithms is presented. An application interface is implemented to enable the user to choose the algorithm that gives the most appropriate results. The results of these algorithms are compared to see their strength and weakness.</p>

Two-Dimensional Biocompatible Plasmonic Lenses for Color Blindness Correction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Roostaei ◽  
S. M. Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Color Blindness ◽  
Color Filter ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Plasmonic Lens ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Plasmonic Lenses

Abstract Color blindness, or color vision deficiency (CVD), is an ocular disease that suppresses the recognition of different colors. Recently, tinted glasses and lenses have been studied as hopeful devices for color blindness correction. In this study, 2D biocompatible and flexible plasmonic lenses were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and an innovative, low-cost, and simple design based on the soft nano-lithography method. These lenses were investigated for correction of red-green (deuteranomaly) color blindness. The plasmonic lens proposed herein is based on the plasmonic surface lattice resonance (SLR) phenomenon and offers a good color filter for color blindness correction. The biocompatibility, low cost, and simple fabrication of these contact lenses can offer new insights for applications of color blindness correction.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI DINAS PENDAPATAAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN ASET DAERAH KABUPATEN MURA TARA BERBASIS WEB MOBILE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Asep Toyib Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
Government Institution

Abstrak Dinas Pendapataan Pengelolaan Keuangan Aset Daerah sebagai lembaga pemerintah yang bergerak di bidang pengelolaan pendapatan, keuangan dan semua daerah yang memiliki pengajuan anggaran dari data dan informasi penting yang harus dikelola dengan baik, hal itu harus dirahasiakan, integritas, dan ketersediaan data otoritas akses diperlukan agar informasi penting tidak dapat diakses orang-orang yang tidak tertarik atau tidak dapat diubah oleh orang tidak berhak. Teknologi internet tidak lagi menjadi sesuatu yang asing bagi kebanyakan orang, sebuah situs web yang menampilkan informasi tentang segala sesuatu di  Situs tidak peduli seberapa jauh.  Untuk itu penulis mencoba untuk membangun sebuah desain layanan informasi PPKAD Kabupaten Mura Tara  menggunakan aplikasi website berbasis web mobile, melalui teknologi internet sebagai media, yang akan membantu  memfasilitasi penyampaian informasi kepada publik. Dan penulis mencoba untuk membuat website terlihat menarik untuk dapat dengan mudah diterima oleh penjelajahan setiap pengunjung dan menambah pesona Dinas PPKAD Kabupaten Mura Tara. Sistem ini akan memberikan informasi dalam informasi yang akurat, tepat waktu dan relevan dan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, yang juga mengurangi biaya promosi yang berlebihan, bahasa pemograman yang digunakan untuk membangun website ini PHP dan database MySQL. Software yang digunakan adalah App Server, Adobe Dreamwaver CS3, Adobe Photoshop CS3. Kata Kunci : PPKAD Kab Mura Tara,Website, PHP dan My SQL.   Abstract The Regional Asset Financial Management Registration Office as a government institution engaged in income management, finance and all regions that have budget proposals from important data and information that must be managed properly, it must be kept confidential, integrity, and the availability of access authority data is needed so that information important is not accessible to people who are not interested or cannot be changed by unauthorized people. Internet technology is no longer something foreign to most people, a website that displays information about everything on the Site no matter how far away. For this reason, the author tries to build a PPKAD information service design in Mura District, Tara, using a mobile web-based website application, through internet technology as a media, which will help facilitate the delivery of information to the public. And the author tries to make the website look attractive to be easily accepted by the exploration of every visitor and adds to the charm of the PPKAD Office of Mura Tara Regency. This system will provide information in accurate, timely and relevant information and to improve service to the community, which also reduces excessive promotional costs, the programming language used to build this website PHP and MySQL databases. The software used is App Server, Adobe Dreamwaver CS3, Adobe Photoshop CS3 Keywords: PPKAD Kab Mura Tara, Website, PHP and My SQL

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity at High Altitude in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sabina Shrestha ◽  
Aparajita Manoranjan ◽  
Sushan Man Shresthatha
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Ocular Morbidity ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Certain changes occur in high altitude which can be organic, motor or functional. This study was conducted to find out ocular morbidity at high altitude in Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at four different places at altitudes of 2710 m (Jomsom), 2900 m (Kagbeni), 3500 m (Jharkot) and 3800 m (Muktinath) of Mustangdistrict of Nepal using convenient sampling method. A total of 222 subjects (444 eyes) were included. They were examined for vascular engorgement and tortuosity, arteriovenous ratio changes, retinal hemorrhages, cataract, pterygium, color vision and intraocular pressure. The motor changes like esodeviation and exodeviation were studied.Results: Of the total 222 participants, 164 (77.5%) were more than 40 years of age and 58 (22.5%) were less than 40 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The duration of stay at high altitude was >10 years in 96.6%, >15 years 88.3% and >20 years 83.8%. The prevalence of cataract was 19.8% and pseudophakia 17.1%. Other organic changes like venous engorgement, arterio-venous ratio changes and venous tortuosity was also found at high altitude. There was no significant change in intraocular pressure at high altitude. Esodeviation was present in 14%. The prevalence of pterygium was present in 39.6%. Similarly, the prevalence of red green color vision deficiency was 45.1%.Conclusion: Cataract, pterygium, red green color vision deficiency, esodeviation, venous engorgement and venous tortuosity were found to be prevalent at high altitude of Nepal.

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