scholarly journals T-regular probabilistic convergence spaces

Author(s):  
J. Minkler ◽  
G. Minkler ◽  
G. Richardson

AbstractA probabilistic convergence structure assigns a probability that a given filter converges to a given element of the space. The role of the t-norm (triangle norm) in the study of regularity of probabilistic convergence spaces is investigated. Given a probabilistic convergence space, there exists a finest T-regular space which is coarser than the given space, and is referred to as the ‘T-regular modification’. Moreover, for each probabilistic convergence space, there is a sequence of spaces, indexed by nonnegative ordinals, whose first term is the given space and whose last term is its T-regular modification. The T-regular modification is illustrated in the example involving ‘convergence with probability λ’ for several t-norms. Suitable function space structures in terms of a given t-norm are also considered.

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. G. Ahsanullah ◽  
Gunther Jäger

Abstract We introduce a notion of a probabilistic convergence transformation group, and present various natural examples including quotient probabilistic convergence transformation group. In doing so, we construct a probabilistic convergence structure on the group of homeomorphisms and look into a probabilistic convergence group that arises from probabilistic uniform convergence structure on function spaces. Given a probabilistic convergence space, and an arbitrary group, we construct a probabilistic convergence transformation group. Introducing a notion of a probabilistic metric convergence transformation group on a probabilistic metric space, we obtain in a natural way a probabilistic convergence transformation group.


1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Richardson

Convergence notions are used extensively in the areas of probability and statistics. Many times proofs can be simplified by considering an appropriate convergence structure on the space and using well-known results from the theory of convergence spaces; for example, compactness arguments are sometimes simplified by using a generalized Ascoli theorem in the convergence space setting. The theory of convergence spaces is also used to generalize some results in probability and statistics.


1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-666
Author(s):  
Robert P. André

A convergence space is a set together with a convergence structure. In this paper we discuss a method of constructing compactifications on a class of convergence spaces by use of functions.


Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.


Author(s):  
Thomas Köllen ◽  
Susanne Kopf

AbstractSo far, management research on mechanisms of exclusion of employee groups has mainly applied constructs of racism to understanding issues of origin-based ostracism. This research has primarily focused on issues faced by employees whose heritage is markedly different from the heritage shared by the norm group in the given socio-cultural, linguistic, and geographical setting. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates how ostracism plays out when the heritages involved are similar, as exemplified by German employees in Austria. Study 1 examines the discursive production of Austrian stereotyping of Germans in the usage of different terms of reference for ‘Germans’ in Austrian discourse. A corpus analysis of online comments on newspaper sites highlights the implicit Austrian need for delineation against Germany. Study 2 analyzes Germans’ perception of Austrians’ exclusionary linguistic practices and how this impacts on their employment experience and turnover intention. A quantitative analysis of survey data from 600 German nationals employed in Austria reveals that the degree of exposure to these demarcating practices is associated with lower job satisfaction, a higher burnout level and an increase in turnover intention. This study is amongst the first to shed light on the central role of nationalism and national identities in organizational mechanisms of exclusion.


Author(s):  
Irina V Malygina ◽  
◽  
Anna V Malygina ◽  

The article reveals the heuristic potential of social and humanitarian knowledge in understanding the complex nature of terrorism. The given research optics allows to expand traditional frameworks of considering terrorism as a phenomenon caused by political, ideological and economic factors; to reveal and substantiate deep cultural and mental reasons of the given phenomenon; make sense of terrorism as a destructive form of cultural identity. The cultural and historical origins of modern terrorism, which is closely connected with radical Islam, are analyzed in the civilizational system of coordinates “West–East”. The system of argumentation is based on scientific concepts and current artistic practices that interpret the causes of inter-civilizational tension resulting in international terrorism. The change of the status of the artist in the “epoch of terrorism” is analyzed; the theme of theatricalization and aestheticization of terrorist actions and the role of media in these processes are problematized. As a newest trend, which has not received any serious theoretical reflection, the text considers the phenomenon conditionally designated as “sublimation of terrorist activity into a symbolic sphere”, which is manifested in the destruction of monuments of world cultural heritage, in the orientation to culture as a new strategic object of terrorist attacks, on the one hand, and the use of cultural resources for self-presentation and promotion of their ideology by terrorist organizations, on the other


1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
D. C. Kent ◽  
Reino Vainio

A Cauchy structure and a preorder on the same set are said to be compatible if both arise from the same quasi-uniform convergence structure onX. Howover, there are two natural ways to derive the former structures from the latter, leading to “strong” and “weak” notions of order compatibility for Cauchy spaces. These in turn lead to characterizations of strong and weak order compatibility for convergence spaces.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Behnam Sahranavard ◽  
Ali Asghar Kazemi

The nations take various strategies in exposure to different developments and phenomena and impact on foreign and internal policies of countries in international scene proportional to their internal and external conditions and rivals and at international arena. What US implemented after September 11 Event and targeted accusation finger toward Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan is deemed as a type of strategy that has occurred in created nostalgic climate together with hasty decision making and negligence to domestic issues in Afghan Community while their output was to take different and even paradoxical strategies in this crisis-stricken region since 1980s. In this article that has been written in order to analyze US Post September- 11 Strategies in Afghanistan this basic question will be answered that how changes in US macro policies influenced in orientation of diplomacy of this country and why this country has adapted different policies in occupation of Afghanistan. Afterwards, it is deduced according to the given findings from librarian data collection method that the constant changes in US strategy in Afghanistan were due to overlooking of domestic issues and historic, ethnic, cultural, political, and ideological complexities of this country that has resulted in degradation of US position in world scene and its failure in suppression of Taliban.This article has been excerpted from my PhD treatise under title of ‘The role of United States in the regional crisis (e.g. Afghan and Iraqi crises) and the rise of revolutionary and radicalism on the emergence of international terrorism’.


Author(s):  
Sergei V. Kozin ◽  
Zhanna B. Litvinova

The article provides an analysis of foreign and Soviet scientific publications devoted to the problem of sociological education, the “revival” of Soviet sociology, as well as to the role and place of sociology among the sciences, in society and education. The given study covers the time period of the late 1950s — early 1980s and briefly describes the education of the population of the USSR at that time. Looking through the works on Soviet sociology, the authors show that sociology was introduced not only into the research areas of specific universities and laboratories, but also into many other branches and spheres of activity, as well as into the authorities’ activity. The authors of the article purposefully focus on the role of consolidation and mutual exchange of sociological research from various sociological services.


Psihologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Genc

In most modern societies, nearly every realm of life involves some form of evaluation of our knowledge, abilities and skills. Given the potentially significant consequences of exams, it is not surprising that they are often very stressful. This study aimed to determine the existence and nature of the relationships between level of test anxiety, coping strategies, and achieved success on a mid-term test. As well as examining the direct relations between the given variables, our primary interest was to investigate the potential mediating role of coping mechanisms between the input and output variables of the examined stressful transaction. The study was conducted on a sample of 263 students from the Psychology and German Studies Departments of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Novi Sad. According to our results, only emotion-focused coping mechanisms were statistically significant mediators in the relationship between level of test anxiety and mid-term test achievement. The results indicate that students with high test anxiety who employ predominantly emotion-focused coping strategies score lower on a pre-exam knowledge test.


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