scholarly journals Regulatory Autonomy under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Implications of Korea – Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides — ERRATUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Certification Requirements

Korea – Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides (Korea–Radionuclides (Japan)), DS495

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-535
Author(s):  
Marcus Sohlberg ◽  
Ariane Yvon
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Certification Requirements

The dispute concerns a variety of Korean measures imposed in relation to food imports from Japan following its nuclear accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant on 11 March 2011. Korea imposed import bans and additional testing and certification requirements in relation to a broad range of fish and non-fishery products from Japan to ensure food safety arising from the possible presence of radionuclides in the food imports. These measures were subject to challenge by Japan under the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (‘SPS Agreement’), which applies, among others, to WTO Members’ measures on food security.

Are Korea’s Import Bans on Japanese Foods Based on Scientific Principles? Comments on Reports of the Panel and the Appellate Body on Korean Import Bans and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides (WT/DS495)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Taro HAMADA ◽  
Yoshimichi ISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Certification Requirements ◽  
Settlement Mechanism

This study focuses on the dispute over Korea’s import bans and the additional testing and certification requirements for Japanese foods and analyses the relevant findings of the reports of the Panel and the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organisation’s dispute settlement mechanism (DSM). Although the Panel had found that Korea’s measures were inconsistent with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), the Appellate Body reversed most of these findings. Korea notified that it had completed the implementation of the reports of the Panel and the Appellate Body. However, the DSM has failed to contribute in settling this dispute positively and meaningfully, since it remains uncertain whether Korea’s import bans are based on scientific principles. Furthermore, the Appellate Body failed to complete its legal analysis of the inconsistency of Korea’s measures based on fact-findings and the facts uncontested between both disputing parties.

Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.

Sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures in the EAEU states

Vsyo o myase ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
D.N. Osyanin ◽  
◽  
N.F. Neburchilova ◽  
I.V. Petrunina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytosanitary Measures

Decoding Sanitary & Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), A Transparency-based Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Kallummal ◽  
Alisha Saini ◽  
Hari Maya Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Phytosanitary Measures

European Communities —Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, & WT/DS293/R

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Daniel Bodansky ◽  
Simon Lester
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Biotech Products

European Communities—Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, & WT/DS293/R. At <http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_status_e.htm>.World Trade Organization Panel, September 29, 2006 (adopted November 21, 2006).In what was by far the longest panel report in the World Trade Organization’s history, a WTO panel ruled last September that various parts of the European Communities’ regulatory regime for the approval and marketing of “biotech products” (that is, products that contain, or are made from or with, genetically modified organisms (GMOs)) violated the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). The panel report was not appealed and was adopted by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body on November 21, 2006.In recent years, a heated international debate has developed regarding the production and consumption of food made from or with GMOs. Among the key players in this debate, the United States, supported by many companies who have developed GMO-based products, has pushed for their acceptance; by contrast, the European Communities (EC) and its member states, backed by consumer groups and other activists, have tried to restrict their use through various regulations.

The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of the World Trade Organization: Debunking Its Reliance on Scientific Evidence and Reluctance to Endorse Potential Biotechnology Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad ISLAM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Biotech Products

The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) relies on scientific evidence as a conclusive risk assessment criterion, which ignores the inherent limitations of science. This article highlights certain trade-restrictive effects of scientific evidence and comments on the Agreement’s aversions to precautionary measures and the consumer concern of the harmful effects of biotech products that may be necessary to protect public health and biosecurity in many WTO Member States. These measures and concerns have become pressing issues due to surging consumer awareness and vigilance concerning environmental protection and food safety. The Agreement is yet to overcome the weaknesses of its endorsed international standardising bodies, the problematic definition of scientific evidence and treatment of justification for scientific risk assessment methods and the implementation difficulties faced by most developing states. This article analyses these issues under the provisions of the Agreement and the interpretations of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body in disputes involving SPS matters, which fall short of addressing scientific uncertainty surrounding biotech products and their associated risks.

scholarly journals Assessing the Phytosanitary Risk Posed by an Intraspecific Invasion of Cryphonectria parasitica in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Dennert ◽  
Joana Beatrice Meyer ◽  
Daniel Rigling ◽  
Simone Prospero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
New Host ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

Intraspecific cryptic invasions may occur when new strains of an invasive species are introduced into an area where this species had already been introduced previously. In plant pathogens, such invasions are not well studied, even if, potentially, they can have severe consequences. Here, we investigated the effects of a potential intraspecific invasion in Europe of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (i) non-European strains are more virulent on Castanea sativa than those already present in Europe because they have never encountered this new host, and (ii) the variation in virulence among strains is higher within native than within introduced populations. In a greenhouse, 2-year-old C. sativa seedlings were inoculated with Cryphonectria parasitica strains from South Korea, the United States, and Switzerland, and lesion development and seedling mortality were recorded weekly. Additionally, growth and sporulation of the strains were measured in vitro on agar medium at 15 and 24°C. Although lesion growth was similar for all strains, seedlings inoculated with strains from South Korea and Switzerland died faster than seedlings inoculated with strains from the United States. Moreover, in vitro strains from South Korea grew faster and produced more spores at both temperatures than the strains from the other two countries. In conclusion, our results did not support the two hypotheses. All strains, regardless of their origin, were found to be highly virulent on the inoculated chestnut seedlings. Nevertheless, current phytosanitary measures to avoid the introduction of new genotypes of C. parasitica into Europe should be further implemented.

Qualification and Certification of Polyester Rope for Seabed Contact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Gabrielsen ◽  
Kjell Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Qualification Test ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Certification Requirements

The Aasta Hansteen spar in the Norwegian Sea is designed to be moored with a taut polyester rope mooring system. The water depth at the field is 1300 meters, and due to the short installation season the most efficient hookup is with pre-installed mooring lines, which require the mooring lines to be laid down on the seabed. DNV certification does not allow seabed contact for polyester ropes unless proven that no soil ingress and damage takes place. To be able to certify the ropes Statoil developed a test method including contact with soil, rope movement and forced water flow through the filter construction. Full scale tests were performed with actual rope and Aasta Hansteen soil, both in laboratory and at site. This paper discusses the certification requirements and presents adequate qualification test together with results from testing.

Needed re-evaluation of certification requirements for biology teachers

1943 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Albert Earl Wright
Keyword(s):  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Certification Requirements
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