scholarly journals Introduction: Themed Section on the Costs of Long-Term Care for Older People

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
Alison Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Alternative Funding ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Cost has long been a preoccupation in policy documents concerned with the care and support of older people (Means and Smith, 1998; Royal Commission, 1999). A history of moral panic about the ageing population coupled with a stereotype of older people as a dependent and ‘unproductive’ sector of society have combined to produce negatively focused debate, lacking in evidential support. Most recently, Wanless (2006) has highlighted the limitations of the evidence base and the narrowness of debate concerning the provision of social care services, arguing both for more informed debate and for consideration of the impact of developments in services and alternative funding models.

Everyday Experience of Front-Line Professionals and In/Formal Carers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henglien Lisa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Impact

To address the risks to families of the availability of care for their older family members, this paper explores the impact of different care systems on the way that relevant care actors contribute to the long-term care of older people. It is based on an empirical study of the care needs assessment and care provision in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan. The participants in the study include 143 care actors at national, regional and local levels across the countries. It found that the objective of providing care needs is similar in each of the countries studied. However, the everyday life of professionals and in/formal carers differs based on the care culture and care policy in each country. Overall, care professionals and formal carers experience satisfaction in their caring role when sufficient time is available for them to work with individuals. Face-to-face contact with older people is important to care professionals if adequate needs assessment could be performed. Helping informal carers extend their ability to carry out their role may improve their well-being as carers and reduce the demand for formal care services.

‘User pays’ and other approaches to the funding of long-term care for older people in Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL FINE ◽  
JENNY CHALMERS
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Alternative Funding ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Cost

It has been argued that without some system in which future generations of users are able to pay for their care the cost of services for an increasingly large group of older people will be borne by a declining base of economically active younger people. Is the answer a user pays approach to the financing of aged care, as promoted by recent changes to aged care financing? This paper reviews this concept and its recent history in Australia. On the basis of a brief review of alternative funding systems, it also considers the potential of public and private insurance schemes to increase funding by potential service users and underwrite the long-term viability of funding for aged care services.

scholarly journals Policies of Personalisation in Norway and England: On the Impact of Political Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN CHRISTENSEN ◽  
DORIA PILLING
Keyword(s):  
Care Provider ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWithin Europe, the Norwegian and English welfare states represent two different welfare regimes. Due to common demographic challenges of an ageing population as well as grass- roots pressures, particularly from disabled people, significant changes in the delivery of long-term care services for older and disabled people have taken place. This article focuses on the change towards personalisation policies encouraging greater choice and control in regard to care services, and uses the case of ‘cash-for-care’, which gives people an allocation of funding to meet their needs, to discuss conditions and implications of personalisation policies within different contexts. Based on a theoretical framework exploring a democratic and a market discourse of personalisation policies, the article provides a comparative analysis of the Norwegian and English cash-for-care schemes. While a crucial common change in the public sector's role towards at-arm’s-length long-term care services occurred, significant differences remain: while English residents are given greater choice and control from the beginning of the allocation of cash-for-care they also face more insecure circumstances due to the simultaneously stimulated care provider market. The Norwegian case, however, shows a possibility of increasing choice and control without a large diversity in a care provider market.

Modelling ageing populations to 2030: financing long-term care in England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Murphy ◽  
Ruth Hancock ◽  
Raphael Wittenberg ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Marcello Morciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs

This chapter presents some findings from the research project ‘Modelling Needs and Resources of Older People to 2030’ (MAP2030). The project developed a set of projection models to estimate future family circumstances, incomes, pensions, savings, disability and care needs of older people in England. These projections included public and private expenditure on pensions, disability benefits and care services under different scenarios for reform of pensions and long-term care funding under a range of alternative population futures. The chapter focuses on the projected future costs and impacts for the different income quintiles of the older population of proposed reforms to the system of funding adult social care, in particular the impact of a cap on individual liability to meet care costs.

Habituation Theory and Environment-Aging Research: Ennui to Joie De Vivre?

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Norris-Baker ◽  
Rick J. Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Robert Kastenbaum posits that functional aging results in the overadaptation to our own routines and expectations, producing “hyperhabituation,” mental stagnation, and novaphobic response orientations. This article examines the promise and implications of this notion for two areas of environment-aging research: psychological control and environmental comprehension. Possible causal and mediating links between control and habituation are considered, as well as the impact of habituation on environmental perception, cognition, and appraisal. Personal and situational characteristics of older people likely to be at risk for habituated responses are suggested. The article also speculates about individually- and environmentally-targeted interventions which might prevent and/or ameliorate tendencies toward hyperhabituated responses among older people who reside in highly ritualized and constant environments such as long-term care institutions. Interventions subject to future evaluations include modifications for the social, physical, and policy milieux and desensitization of novaphobic responses.

scholarly journals Fourth Ageism: Real and Imaginary Old Age

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Paul Higgs ◽  
Chris Gilleard
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Responses

This paper is concerned with the issue of ageism and its salience in current debates about the COVID-19 pandemic. In it, we address the question of how best to interpret the impact that the pandemic has had on the older population. While many feel angry at what they see as discriminatory lock-down practices confining older people to their homes, others are equally concerned by the failure of state responses to protect and preserve the health of older people, especially those receiving long-term care. This contrast in framing ageist responses to the pandemic, we suggest, arises from differing social representations of later life, reflecting the selective foregrounding of third versus fourth age imaginaries. Recognising the tension between social and biological parameters of ageing and its social categorisations, we suggest, may offer a more measured, as well as a less discriminatory, approach to addressing the selective use of chronological age as a line of demarcation within society.

Combining employment and care-giving: how differing care intensities influence employment patterns among middle-aged women in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Kelle
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGiven an ageing population and increased participation by women in the labour force, the relationship between unpaid care and the availability of women to the labour force is gaining in importance as an issue. This article assesses the impact of unpaid care on transitions into employment by women aged between 45 and 59 years. It uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the years 2001–2014 to estimate Cox regression models for 6,201 employed women. The results indicate that women with higher caring responsibilities and women with lower caring responsibilities are heterogeneous in terms of the socio-economic characteristics that they exhibit: higher-intensity care providers tend to have a lower level of educational attainment and a weaker attachment to the labour force than women with less-intensive caring responsibilities. Furthermore, while women with more-intensive caring roles are highly likely to exit the labour market altogether, female carers with less-intensive roles seem to be able to combine work and care better. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable institutional and professional care services, especially for low- and medium-income families.

The Impact of Modernisation and Social Policy on Family Care for Older People in Japan

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKOTO KONO
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Care Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welfare Model

In Japan the ideology of familism has reproduced patriarchal family values. It successfully retained family centred welfare provision and gender inequality in informal care work, and ensured formal care services were residual. However, the advancement of modernisation has weakened the effectiveness of the informal care sector, and the demand for care has increased steadily along with the ageing of the population. Moreover, informal care based on the self-sacrifice of family carers tends to be less popular. This tendency is especially evident in the opinions of the younger generation and females. Furthermore, structural shifts in their working circumstances, particularly of females, makes the continuation of the patriarchal approach to informal care more difficult. In the field of the care of older people, as part of the strategy for restructuring the Japanese welfare system, the emphasis is now more on market activities, which is in accord with the assumptions underlying ‘the residual welfare model of social policy’ (Titmuss, 1974).

scholarly journals Older People in Long-Term Care Institutions: A Case of Multidimensional Social Exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-309
Author(s):  
Feliciano Villar ◽  
Rodrigo Serrat ◽  
Annette Bilfeldt ◽  
Joe Larragy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLiving in a long-term care (LTC) institution provides older people experiencing health and social problems with a comprehensive range of support services that address their quality of life. Despite access to such services, challenges arise in relation to their participation in key activities both within and outside the institution. This chapter examines such challenges, reviewing and describing ways to prevent exclusion along various domains, specifically social relationships, civic participation and socio-cultural life. Firstly, we discuss ways in which bio-medical models of care and the quality control systems, which are dominant in LTC services, standardise care, tending to put decisions exclusively in hands of staff, taking away residents’ autonomy, and ultimately curtailing rights and citizenship status. Secondly, we examine how LTC services might prevent such exclusion and promote older people’s participation in at least four respects: (1) prompting and supporting residents’ ability to take decisions on their own care, (2) favouring the maintenance and creation of social relationships, (3) enabling residents’ participation in the activities and management of the institution, and (4) guaranteeing residents’ rights and full access to citizenship. We discuss the impact and limitations of recent initiatives put into practice in these areas of practice.

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