Hide and “sick”: Self-concealment, shame and distress in the setting of psycho-oncology

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Wertheim ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Michal Mashiach-Eizenberg ◽  
Noam Pizem ◽  
Einat Shacham-Shmueli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Guilt Proneness

ABSTRACTObjective:Both trait and contextual self-concealment, as well as shame- and guilt-proneness, have previously been found to be associated with psychological distress. However, findings regarding the associations between these variables among patients with cancer and among the spouses of patients with cancer are limited. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the relationship between shame-proneness and psychological distress (anxiety and depression) by examining the mediating role of both trait and contextual self-concealment among patients with cancer and among the spouses of patients with cancer.Method:The current study was part of a large-scale cross-sectional study on self-concealment among patients with cancer and spouses of patients with cancer. It was based on two independent subsamples: patients with cancer and spouses of patients with cancer,who were not dyads. A total of 80 patients with cancer and 80 spouses of (other) patients with cancer completed questionnaires assessing shame- and guilt-proneness, trait and contextual self-concealment, anxiety, and depression.Results:Results indicate that spouses reported both greater shame-proneness and anxiety than did patients (main effect of role). Female participants reported greater shame-proneness, higher levels of contextual self-concealment, and greater depression and anxiety than did male participants (main effect of gender). No group differences (role/gender) were found for guilt-proneness and trait self-concealment. Trait and contextual self-concealment partially mediated the relationship between shame-proneness and distress, pointing out the need to further examine additional mediators.Significance of results:Findings suggest that contextual self-concealment and shame-proneness are important variables to consider when assessing distress in the setting of psycho-oncology. Study results may have significant clinical implications regarding the need to identify patients and spouses who are more prone to shame and self-concealment behavior in order to better tailor interventions for them.

Distress after a Single Violent Crime: How Shame-Proneness and Event-Related Shame Work Together as Risk Factors for Post-Victimization Symptoms

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Semb ◽  
Lotta M.J. Strömsten ◽  
Elisabet Sundbom ◽  
Per Fransson ◽  
Mikael Henningsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Guilt Proneness

To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals ( M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.

“AM I FOR REAL?” PREDICTING IMPOSTOR TENDENCIES FROM SELF-HANDICAPPING AND AFFECTIVE COMPONENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun E. Cowman ◽  
Joseph R. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Affective Variables ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Guilt Proneness

Impostors are individuals who believe their successes are not due to their own ability, but because of either luck or the notion that they must work harder than others. The relationship between impostor tendencies and different behavioral and affective variables was examined. With the present study's sample (N = 436), controlling for social desirability, impostor tendencies were significantly correlated with behavioral self-handicapping (r = .52, p < .001), and with shame-proneness (r = .54, p < .001) more than guilt-proneness (r = .28, p < .001). Regression analyses indicated that self-handicapping and shame-proneness were the best predictors of impostor tendencies (r2 = 0.43). Based on these results it seems that strong impostor tendencies are related to, and best predicted by, self-handicapping behaviors and shameprone affect.

scholarly journals Identification of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients With Cancer: Comparison Between Short and Long Web-Based Questionnaires (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mattsson ◽  
Erik Martin Gustaf Olsson ◽  
Maria Carlsson ◽  
Birgitta Beda Kristina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Patients With Cancer

BACKGROUND Physicians and nurses in cancer care easily fail to detect symptoms of psychological distress because of barriers such as lack of time, training on screening methods, and knowledge about how to diagnose anxiety and depression. National guidelines in several countries recommend routine screening for emotional distress in patients with cancer, but in many clinics, this is not implemented. By inventing screening methods that are time-efficient, such as digitalized and automatized screenings with short instruments, we can alleviate the burden on patients and staff. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare Web-based versions of the ultrashort electronic Visual Analogue Scale (eVAS) anxiety and eVAS depression and the short Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with Web-based versions of the longer Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self-report (MADRS-S) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory- State (STAI-S) with regard to their ability to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. METHODS Data were obtained from a consecutive sample of patients with newly diagnosed (<6 months) breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer or with recurrence of colorectal cancer (N=558). The patients were recruited at 4 hospitals in Sweden between April 2013 and September 2015, as part of an intervention study administered via the internet. All questionnaires were completed on the Web at the baseline assessment in the intervention study. RESULTS The ultrashort and short Web-based-delivered eVAS anxiety, eVAS depression and HADS were found to have an excellent ability to discriminate between persons with and without clinical levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with recommended cutoffs of the longer instruments MADRS-S and STAI-S (area under the curve: 0.88-0.94). Cutoffs of >6 on HADS anxiety and >7 hundredths (hs) on eVAS anxiety identified patients with anxiety symptoms with high accuracy. For HADS depression, at a cutoff of >5 and eVAS depression at a cutoff of >7 hs, the accuracy was very high likewise. CONCLUSIONS The use of the short and ultrashort tools, eVAS and HADS, may be a suitable initial method of Web-based screening in busy clinical settings. However, there are still a proportion of patients who lack access to the internet or the ability to use it. There is a need to find solutions for this group to find all the patients with psychological distress.

scholarly journals Conscientiousness and Collectivism as the Predictors of Shame and Guilt Proneness

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juneman Abraham ◽  
Murty Magda Pane
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Moral Emotion ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Guilt Proneness ◽  
Open Access Article

This research investigated the relation between conscientiousness, collectivism, and corrupt tendency–which is represented by moral emotions (shame and guilt proneness). The study was conducted on 117 students (76 male, 41 female; Mage = 18.93 years old; SDage = 1.67 years old) in Jakarta. The result shows that (1) Collectivism and conscientiousness positively predict guilt proneness, and (2) Collectivism and conscientiousness can not predict shame proneness.2398-4279 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Corruptive tendencies; moral emotion; psychology of corruption; integrity

scholarly journals A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. e100213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyin Qiu ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Large Scale Survey

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.

The Role of Proneness to Guilt and Shame Among People in Custody in Promoting Restorative Justice Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482098050
Author(s):  
Inbal Peleg-Koriat ◽  
Dana Weimann-Saks
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Guilt Proneness ◽  
High Willingness

This research examined the role of guilt and shame proneness among people in custody in shaping attitudes toward restorative justice (RJ) and in predicting the effectiveness of RJ practices. Study 1 ( n = 110) examined the correlation between participant guilt and shame proneness and willingness to participate in an RJ process. It revealed that proneness to guilt, but not to shame, was correlated with willingness to participate in an RJ process. Mediational modeling showed that guilt proneness predicted willingness to participate in an RJ process via its strong correlation with regret and remorse. Study 2 ( n = 133) examined whether shame and guilt proneness affects the effectiveness of an RJ practice. It revealed that high guilt proneness predicted high willingness to participate in RJ, whereas shame proneness moderated the effectiveness of an RJ practice. These results can help practitioners and researchers develop interventions to promote the effectiveness of RJ programs.

scholarly journals Mapping the needs and psychological outcomes of Slovenian adolescent and young adult cancer patients: An exploratory mixed-methods study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Košir ◽  
Sanja Roškar ◽  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Lucy Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cancer Worry ◽  
Mental Defeat ◽  
Young Adult Cancer ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectivesBaseline data from an ongoing online longitudinal survey were analysed. Three objectives guided our analyses: 1) to describe the self-reported levels of psychological distress among young Slovenian cancer patients and compare it to an international sample, 2) to describe the subjective illness experience of young Slovenian patients, and 3) to highlight areas for improvement in holistic care.MethodSeventy-nine participants, aged 19 - 39 years, answered questionnaires about anxiety, depression, mental defeat, cancer worry, and their experience of learning the diagnosis and being treated. We used visualizations to demonstrate the relationship between anxiety and depression. The qualitative responses were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsTwenty-eight (35%) participants scored in the clinical range for anxiety and fifteen (19%) for depression. Cancer-related worry was common (85% reported at least one worry). Mental defeat was positively associated with measures of psychological distress. Those who felt negative about learning their diagnosis emphasized the need for more time, empathy, and dignity. Psychological support during illness was seen as crucial.ConclusionAnxiety and depression remain a problem for a subset of patients. Medical professionals working with young people with cancer should encourage a warm atmosphere as they attend to patients’ needs and concerns.

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