Prevalence of puroindoline alleles in wheat varieties from eastern Asia including the discovery of a new SNP in puroindoline b

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Craig F. Morris ◽  
Mika Haruna ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
North Western ◽  
Puroindoline A

Kernel texture (grain hardness) in common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is of primary technological importance and is largely determined by puroindoline gene sequence and expression. We investigated the puroindoline haplotypes of 246 Asian common wheat varieties. All but three were conclusively characterized for puroindoline a and b haplotypes. Of the total, 174 possessed the softPina-D1a/Pinb-D1a‘wild-type’ gene sequences with SKCS hardness indexes (HI) ranging from 13.5 to 61.8. Among the remaining 72 varieties with HIs of 56.1–97.8, nearly half (30) werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, 4 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1c, 19 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1p, 10 werePina-D1b/Pinb-D1a(‘a-null’), 3 werePina-D1l/Pinb-D1a, 2 possessed a new C-to-T SNP mutation at position 382, which is tentatively designatedPinb-D1ab, 1 was a ‘double null’ with neither puroindoline a nor b expressed and no PCR-detectable gene sequence, and 3 had undetermined/ambiguous puroindoline a sequence but possessedPinb-D1a. The double null was the hardest of all varieties tested with an HI of 97.8. The frequency of soft and hard varieties and puroindoline hardness haplotype varied depending on the origin of the varieties. The lowest frequency of hard varieties occurred in Korea and south-western Japan. Tibet and Pakistan also had low frequencies of hard varieties. The highest frequency of hard varieties appeared in north-east China followed by north-west China and Nepal. Within Asia, thePinb-D1pallele appears in a region extending from north-eastern China through Inner Mongolia, north-western China, Xinjiang and Tibet, with the greatest frequency in north-western China. This allele was also present in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but not found in Japan, and may have been dispersed along the ‘Silk Road’. All threePina-D1lvarieties came from China. The newly discovered SNP originated in Afghanistan and the ‘double null’ in Xinjiang.

scholarly journals ʿAlidi in marcia lungo la via per la Cina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Calzolaio
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
North West ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

The emergence of the first Islamic communities in China is still an elusive phenomenon. Primary sources are scanty, and mostly focus on Tang-Abbasid maritime trade. Thus, while the first days of Islam in south-eastern China are now quite well documented, much less is known about the arrival of Islam in the north-west. A twelfth-century Persian source, Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir Marwazī’s Ṭabāʾiʿ al-ḥayawān, reports a legend concerning the settlement of a group of ʿAlid Muslim merchants somewhere in Tang China. An analysis of this anecdote could shed some light on the matter, providing new data on the very first Islamic communities of north-western China.

The geographical diversity of the frequency of the Glu-D1f allele in Asian common wheat, and the transmission route through which the wheat may have reached Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Far East ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
North West ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Route Of Transmission

The frequency of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin Glu-D1 alleles in Japanese, Chinese, and other Asian common wheat varieties was analysed in order to investigate a possible transmission route for common wheat to Japan. Although the frequency varied among the areas, the allele Glu-D1f was present in wheat from northern and southern Japan, in Xinjiang, Nanjing, Zhejiang, and Beijing in China, and in Afghanistan. However, a high frequency of the Glu-D1f allele was found predominantly in southern Japan. It was not detected in wheat from any other Asian region. This distribution of an adaptively neutral character suggests a specific route of transmission for common wheat to eastern China and Japan. It was introduced from Afghanistan, carried to Xinjiang (in north-west China), Nanjing, and Zhejiang (in south-east China), and then to southern Japan along the so-called Silk Road. It is believed that cultivated common wheat originated in the Middle and Near East and was carried along the Silk Road through China to the Far East, Japan. The latter country is the most geographically remote region from the origin of common wheat. During the course of its long journey and its adaptation to diverse local environments, Japanese common wheat has developed a unique composition of glutenin Glu-D1 alleles.

scholarly journals KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO: NEW FLANK ERUPTION NAMED AFTER G.S. GORSHKOV, 2021 (KAMCHATKA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Ozerov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Girina, ◽  
D.V. Melnikov, ◽  
I.A. Nuzhdaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Flank Eruption ◽  
Associate Member ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Bed ◽  
North Western

February 18, 2021, a flank eruption started on the north-western slope of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Cinder cone was formed at the altitude of 2 850 m above sea level, from which a lava flow was spreading north-west. Having moved 1.2 km downslope, the lava flow entered the Ehrmann Glacier, which resulted in the formation of huge mud-stone flows. The latter made their way further north-east along the Kruten’kaya River bed and reached the length of about 30 km. The eruption brought onto the surface high-aluminous basaltic andesites typical of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano. By March 21, the flank eruption ended. It has been named after G.S. Gorshkov, associate member of USSR Academy of Science, famous Russian volcanologist.

The Ancient Road Systems of the Central and Northern Ager Faliscus. (Notes on Southern Etruria, 2)

1957 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 67-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Frederiksen ◽  
J. B. Ward Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Northern Limit ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
North Western

The modern Via Cassia, now as in antiquity the great arterial road up through the heart of south-eastern Etruria, after crossing the Fosso dell'Olgiata less than a kilometre to the west of the north-western gate of Veii, climbs steadily for about 7 km. to cross the Monti Sabatini, the line of extinct volcanic craters that runs eastwards from Lake Bracciano, forming a natural northern boundary to the Roman Campagna. After cutting through the southern crest of the crater of Baccano, with its magnificent views southwards and eastwards over Rome towards Tivoli, Palestrina and the Alban Hills, the road drops into the crater, skirts round the east side of the former lake, and climbs again to the far rim, before dropping once more into the head of the Treia basin, on its way to Monterosi and Sutri.From this vantage-point a whole new landscape is spread out before one (pl. XLVII). To the west and north-west, the tangle of volcanic hills that forms the northern limit of the Monti Sabatini, rising at its highest point to the conical peak of Monte Rocca Romana (612 m.); beyond and to the right of those, past Monterosi and filling the whole of the north-western horizon, some 10–15 km. distant, the spreading bulk of Monte Cimino (1053 m.), with its characteristically volcanic, twin-peaked profile; to the north and north-east, the gently rolling woods and fields of the Faliscan plain, deceptively smooth, stretching away to the distant Tiber.

scholarly journals Lechevalieria xinjiangensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from radiation-polluted soil in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2819-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhidong Zhang ◽  
Qiyong Tang ◽  
Jun Mao ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Western China ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Phyletic Line ◽  
North Western

A novel actinomycete was isolated from radiation-polluted soil collected from Xinjiang in north-western China. The isolate, strain R24T, was found to have chemical and morphological properties associated with members of the genus Lechevalieria. An almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was aligned with corresponding sequences from representatives of the genus Lechevalieria and related taxa, using three tree-making algorithms, and was shown to form a distinct phyletic line in the Lechevalieria phylogenetic tree. DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data served to distinguish strain R24T from members of the three Lechevalieria species with validly published names. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the isolate should be classified as a novel species within the genus Lechevalieria. The name proposed for this taxon is Lechevalieria xinjiangensis sp. nov. The type strain is R24T (=CGMCC 4.3525T=DSM 45081T).

scholarly journals Recent Rainfall Variability Over a Dryland Ecosystem of North Western India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIVYA SAINI ◽  
PANKAJ BHARDWAJ ◽  
Omvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Western India ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western

Abstract In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the recent rainfall variability by means of daily rainfall data of 33 well spread stations over dryland ecosystem of Rajasthan in north western India during 1961-2017. For trend analysis, Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator and simple linear regression test have been used (at 95% confidence level). The results have shown a high interannual variability in rainfall occurrence varying from 277 mm (in year 2002) to 839 mm (in year 1975) with mean of 583 mm over this dryland ecosystem. Most of the rainfall deficit years have occurred with El-Nino years. The mean annual rainfall has shown a marginal non-significant upward trend over the ecosystem. The station-wise mean annual rainfall has revealed a significant rising trend over Barmer, Churu, Ganganagar, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations. Interestingly, three year running average has shown a cyclic pattern of rainfall over dryland ecosystem under the changing climatic conditions. The spatial pattern has exhibited that the mean annual rainfall decreases from east and south east (more than 850 mm) to west and north west (less than 400 mm), which is mainly associated with the presence of Aravalli Mountains spreading north east to south west in central Rajasthan. Remarkably, majority of stations positioned in western parts of dryland ecosystem have shown increasing rainfall trends, whereas some stations located in eastern parts have recorded a non-significant declining trend. The magnitude of significant rising trend has varied from 5.34 mm/year (Pratapgarh station) to 2.17 mm/year (Jaisalmer station). Also, the frequency of heavy rainfall events has shown a positive trend with significant increasing trends over Bharatpur, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations, whereas Bundi station has shown significant decreasing trend.

Current flow in the north-west Weddell Sea

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Barber ◽  
David Crane
Keyword(s):  
Current Flow ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
Tidal Regime ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
North Western

Properties of the surface and bottom circulation in the north-west Weddell and south Scotia seas in the region 59–66°S, 36–46°W are examined. The bottom currents have been recorded at different heights from 5–800 m above the seabed, and surface velocities have been obtained from the drift tracks of ARGOS buoys deployed in ice floes. The tidal regime is mixed and the power of motions at inertial frequencies is very variable and most dominant in the Scotia Sea. Flow is influenced by topography, effects of which are seen in eddy features and the damping of inertial motions in some areas. The sea ice motion is shown to be influenced by the bottom topography at very low frequencies whilst tidal periodicities observed in the north-western Weddell Sea are below the level of the noise in the region of the study. In this area the higher frequency ice motion is mainly wind driven with little of the energy being transferred to the underlying deep water.

Proterozoic Palaeocurrent directions in the Kimberley Region, Northwestern Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Gellatly ◽  
G. M. Derrick ◽  
K. A. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The South ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Northwestern Australia ◽  
North Western

SummaryPalaeocurrent directions from cross-beds in the Proterozoic Kimberley Basin sediments, north-western Australia indicate sediment transport predominantly from the north-east in the lower part of the succession, and from the north-west in the middle and upper parts. Most of the sediment was probably derived from the north and only a little from the adjacent exposed areas of older Pre-Cambrian rocks to the south. The suggested northerly source of the sediment is consistent with a probable former position of Western Australia close to Peninsular India and to Burma.

TBE in China

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western China ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
West China ◽  
North West ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Viral Subtype ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Brain

The first TBE patients in China were reported in 1943, and the TBEV was isolated from the brain tissues of 2 patients in 1944 by Japanese military scientists,1 and from patients and ticks (Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna) in 1952 by Chinese researchers.2 The Far Eastern viral subtype (TBEV-FE) is the endemic subtype that has been isolated from all 3 known natural foci (northeastern China, western China, and southwestern China).14 Recently a new “Himalayan subtype” of the TBEV (TBEV-HIM) was isolated from wild rodent Marmoata himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau15. The main vector of the TBEV in China is I. persulcatus.3 One recent report suggests that the TBEV-SIB is prevalent in the Uygur region (North West China)13 but epidemiological modelling indicates that the TBEV may occur even widely all over China (Figure 3).4 Likely, the disease is often missed by clinicians due to a lack of the availability of specific diagnostic assays16.

Prince Henri d'Orleans (1867–1901): geographical and botanical exploration between inner Asia and southwest China

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-399
Author(s):  
WILLIAM GARDENER
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
The Right ◽  
North Western

Prince Henri d'Orleans, precluded by French law from serving his country in the profession of arms, had his attention turned early towards exploration. In 1889, accompanied by the experienced traveller Gabriel Bonvalet, he set out from Paris to reach Indo-China overland by way of Central Asia, Tibet and western and south western China. The journey made contributions in the problems of the whereabouts of Lap Nor and the configuration of the then unexplored northern plateau of Tibet; and in botany it produced some species new to science. The party reached Indo-China in 1890. In 1895, having organised an expedition better equipped for topographical survey and for investigations in the fields of natural history and ethnography, Prince Henri set out from Hanoi with the intention of exploring the Mekong through the Chinese province of Yunnan. After proceeding up the left bank of the Salween for a brief part of its course and then alternating between the right and left banks of the Mekong as far up as Tzeku, the party found it advisable to enter Tibet in a north westerly direction through the province of Chamdo and instead crossed the south eastern extremity of the country, the Zayul, by a difficult track which led them to the country of the Hkamti Shans in present day Upper Burma, and thence to India completing a journey of 2000 miles, "1500 of which had been previously untrodden" (Prince Henri). West of the Mekong, the journey established that the Salween, which some geographers had claimed took its rise in or near north western Yunnan, in fact rose well north in Tibet, and that, contrary to previous opinions, the principal headwater of the Irrawaddy rose no further north than latitude 28°30'. Botanical collections were confined to Yunnan, where the tracks permitted mule transport, and they produced a number of species new to science and extended the range of distribution of species already known.

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