scholarly journals Recent Rainfall Variability Over a Dryland Ecosystem of North Western India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIVYA SAINI ◽  
PANKAJ BHARDWAJ ◽  
Omvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Western India ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western

Abstract In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the recent rainfall variability by means of daily rainfall data of 33 well spread stations over dryland ecosystem of Rajasthan in north western India during 1961-2017. For trend analysis, Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator and simple linear regression test have been used (at 95% confidence level). The results have shown a high interannual variability in rainfall occurrence varying from 277 mm (in year 2002) to 839 mm (in year 1975) with mean of 583 mm over this dryland ecosystem. Most of the rainfall deficit years have occurred with El-Nino years. The mean annual rainfall has shown a marginal non-significant upward trend over the ecosystem. The station-wise mean annual rainfall has revealed a significant rising trend over Barmer, Churu, Ganganagar, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations. Interestingly, three year running average has shown a cyclic pattern of rainfall over dryland ecosystem under the changing climatic conditions. The spatial pattern has exhibited that the mean annual rainfall decreases from east and south east (more than 850 mm) to west and north west (less than 400 mm), which is mainly associated with the presence of Aravalli Mountains spreading north east to south west in central Rajasthan. Remarkably, majority of stations positioned in western parts of dryland ecosystem have shown increasing rainfall trends, whereas some stations located in eastern parts have recorded a non-significant declining trend. The magnitude of significant rising trend has varied from 5.34 mm/year (Pratapgarh station) to 2.17 mm/year (Jaisalmer station). Also, the frequency of heavy rainfall events has shown a positive trend with significant increasing trends over Bharatpur, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations, whereas Bundi station has shown significant decreasing trend.

scholarly journals Relationships between the distribution of Galba truncatula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) climatic conditions and the altitude of municipalities in Haute Vienne (France)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gilles Dreyfuss ◽  
Philippe Vignoles ◽  
Daniel Rondelaud
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean

A retrospective study on 7407 populations of Galba truncatula found in the department of Haute Vienne for 37 years (1970–2006) was carried out to determine if altitude and climate on acid soils had an effect on the distribution of populations and the characteristics of their habitats. Out of a total of 13 478 water points surveyed in 179 municipalities, the overall frequency of snail populations was 54.9% but varied with the habitat type and the municipality on which these water points are located. The frequency of snail populations significantly decreased when the mean altitude of municipalities or their mean annual rainfall increased. Conversely, this frequency significantly increased with increasing mean annual temperature. The characteristics of habitats were analysed for 6281 populations in relation to the mean altitude of municipalities. The area of G. truncatula habitats and the density of overwintering snails per m2 of habitat significantly decreased with increasing altitude. On the acid soils of Haute Vienne, the distribution of G. truncatula populations is closely related to the altitude and climatic conditions of municipalities.

scholarly journals Standardized Precipitation Index Comparison along the Limbe-Bamenda Axis of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Suiven John Paul Tume ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Mean monthly rainfall decline with continentality is a commonplace phenomenon that has been used in this study to compare its trend in Bamenda in the Western Highlands and Limbe on the Atlantic lowland coast. This study attempts to bridge some of the methodological gaps in the previous studies on rainfall variability in Cameroon that had emphasized only the inter-annual variability and coefficient of variation without focusing on the specific indices and contrasts between different ecological zones. In this study, a comparative analysis has been done of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) for Bamenda and Limbe, using data from 1985–2015. The analysis involved the mean annual rainfall (176.88 mm and 419.9 mm), its standard deviation (SD) (22.98 and 102.42), and the coefficient of variation (CV) (12.99% and 24.41%) for Bamenda and Limbe, respectively. The results show that the mean annual rainfall for Bamenda is decreasing, whereas that of Limbe is increasing. The mean SPI is –0.01 (mild dryness) and 0.02 (mild wetness) for Bamenda and Limbe, respectively. These results have far-reaching implications for the development of agriculture, water resources management, and other man-environment interaction variants.

scholarly journals On tho proportions of the prevailing winds, the mean temperature, and depth of rain in the climate of London, computed through a cycle of Eighteen Years, or periods of the Moon’s declination

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
North West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
East Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Influence

In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.

scholarly journals KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO: NEW FLANK ERUPTION NAMED AFTER G.S. GORSHKOV, 2021 (KAMCHATKA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Ozerov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Girina, ◽  
D.V. Melnikov, ◽  
I.A. Nuzhdaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Flank Eruption ◽  
Associate Member ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Bed ◽  
North Western

February 18, 2021, a flank eruption started on the north-western slope of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Cinder cone was formed at the altitude of 2 850 m above sea level, from which a lava flow was spreading north-west. Having moved 1.2 km downslope, the lava flow entered the Ehrmann Glacier, which resulted in the formation of huge mud-stone flows. The latter made their way further north-east along the Kruten’kaya River bed and reached the length of about 30 km. The eruption brought onto the surface high-aluminous basaltic andesites typical of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano. By March 21, the flank eruption ended. It has been named after G.S. Gorshkov, associate member of USSR Academy of Science, famous Russian volcanologist.

scholarly journals Variabilidade Espacial da Erosividade das Chuvas para o Estado da Paraíba (Variability of Spatial Erosivity of Rainfall in the Paraíba State)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Bernardo Starling Dorta do Amaral ◽  
João Filadelfo de Carvalho Neto ◽  
Richarde Marques da Silva ◽  
José Carlos Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

As características específicas das chuvas variam entre regiões, e o conhecimento da sua potencialidade erosiva é necessário para o planejamento dos recursos hídricos. Este estudo determinou a erosividade, analisou a variabilidade espacial da precipitação e o coeficiente de chuva para o Estado da Paraíba mediante técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dados climatológicos de 98 estações climatológicas da Embrapa, com séries de 1911 a 1990. Em seguida as informações sobre a erosividade foram processadas cartograficamente. O valor médio anual da erosividade das chuvas com base no índice EI30 para o Estado da Paraíba foi de 5.032,03 MJ.mm/ha/h, valor que representa o Fator “R” da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE). As equações de regressão entre erosividade e precipitação e coeficiente de chuva não foram significativas. As principais conclusões são que: (a) os índices de erosividade encontrados são maiores na zona litorânea do que nas demais porções do Estado, e (b) as erosividades encontradas variaram de acordo com os valores da precipitação.   A B S T R A C T Specific rainfall characteristics vary among regions and their erosion potential must be known for the planning of water resources. This study analyzed the erosivity and rainfall variability and precipitation coefficient for Paraíba State based on Geographic Information Systems techniques. In order In this paper 98 climatological stations of Embrapa were used, with rainfall data of 1911 to 1990. For this study we use d climate data from 98 weather stations of Embrapa, with series from 1911 to 1990. Additionally we processed the information of the erosivity index cartographically by year and microregions. The mean annual value of erosivity was 5,032.03 MJ.mm/ha/h, which is to be used as “R” Factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for Paraíba State and surrounding regions with similar climatic conditions. The main conclusions are that: (a) erosivity indexes are higher in coastal areas than in inland areas, and (b) the erosivity range according to the precipitation.   Keywords: erosivity, rainfall, water resources   

scholarly journals II. On the connexion of the Himalaya snowfall with dry winds and seasons of drought in India

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
North Western

The present paper, as regards its subject-matter though not in form, is part of a general investigation of the rainfall of India, which has occupied much of my spare time for some years past, and the results of which are already partly embodied in a memoir which I hope, in the course of a few months, to issue as an official publication of the Indian Meteorological Office. The idea that the snowfall of the Himalaya exercises a direct and important influence on the dry land winds of North-Western India is not now put forward for the first time. It has been the subject of frequent reference in the annual reports on the meteorology of India since 1876, as well as elsewhere; and in a report on the administration of the India Meteorological Department lately issued, I summarised very briefly those points in the experience of the previous five years which have seemed to justify its provisional adoption as a basis for forecasting the probable character of the monsoon rains. Relying on this experience, in the month of June last, I put forward in the Government Gazette, a note giving warning of the probability of a prolonged period of drought in the approaching monsoon season, and the result, if not in exact accordance with the terms of the forecast, has been so far confirmatory of the general idea, as to induce me to put the facts of past experience formally on record, and thereby challenge attention to the subject. If I am right in the inference that the varying extent and thickness of the Himalayan snows exercise a great and prolonged influence on the climatic conditions and weather of the plains of North-Western India, it is probable, that with more or less modification according to the local geography, causes of a similar character will be found equally operative in other regions, and perhaps on an even more extensive scale.

A Practical Method for Estimating Rainfall Rate Frequencies Directly from Climatic Data

1958 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Russak ◽  
J. W. Easley
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complete Frequency

In evaluating the environmental limitations on microwave signal transmission, it was necessary to determine the occurrence of rainfall rates for a number of regions in different parts of the world. Clock-hourly precipitation data were used where available. Where these data were not available, a known empirical technique was employed which correlates clock-hourly rainfall at individual rates to a climatological index. This index uses parameters which are almost universally obtainable—namely, mean annual rainfall and number of days with measurable rain. In the course of this work, the authors found a more general relation between clock-hourly rainfall rate frequencies and the climatological index. Using this relation, rainfall frequencies at any rate are obtained directly from a linear equation and two nomograms. It is also possible to synthesize the complete frequency distribution of rainfall rates and obtain, as a check, the mean annual rainfall. Examples, supplemented by illustrations, are given in the development of this technique and its utilization.

Prevalence of puroindoline alleles in wheat varieties from eastern Asia including the discovery of a new SNP in puroindoline b

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Craig F. Morris ◽  
Mika Haruna ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
North Western ◽  
Puroindoline A

Kernel texture (grain hardness) in common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is of primary technological importance and is largely determined by puroindoline gene sequence and expression. We investigated the puroindoline haplotypes of 246 Asian common wheat varieties. All but three were conclusively characterized for puroindoline a and b haplotypes. Of the total, 174 possessed the softPina-D1a/Pinb-D1a‘wild-type’ gene sequences with SKCS hardness indexes (HI) ranging from 13.5 to 61.8. Among the remaining 72 varieties with HIs of 56.1–97.8, nearly half (30) werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, 4 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1c, 19 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1p, 10 werePina-D1b/Pinb-D1a(‘a-null’), 3 werePina-D1l/Pinb-D1a, 2 possessed a new C-to-T SNP mutation at position 382, which is tentatively designatedPinb-D1ab, 1 was a ‘double null’ with neither puroindoline a nor b expressed and no PCR-detectable gene sequence, and 3 had undetermined/ambiguous puroindoline a sequence but possessedPinb-D1a. The double null was the hardest of all varieties tested with an HI of 97.8. The frequency of soft and hard varieties and puroindoline hardness haplotype varied depending on the origin of the varieties. The lowest frequency of hard varieties occurred in Korea and south-western Japan. Tibet and Pakistan also had low frequencies of hard varieties. The highest frequency of hard varieties appeared in north-east China followed by north-west China and Nepal. Within Asia, thePinb-D1pallele appears in a region extending from north-eastern China through Inner Mongolia, north-western China, Xinjiang and Tibet, with the greatest frequency in north-western China. This allele was also present in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but not found in Japan, and may have been dispersed along the ‘Silk Road’. All threePina-D1lvarieties came from China. The newly discovered SNP originated in Afghanistan and the ‘double null’ in Xinjiang.

THE MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL OF MOUNT KENYA

Weather ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of the Mean Annual Rainfall in Senegal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamine Diop ◽  
Ansoumana Bodian ◽  
Dior Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Sen’S Slope Estimator ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Sen’S Slope ◽  
Trend Magnitude ◽  
North East ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Slope Estimator

The spatiotemporal trends of annual rainfall in Senegal during 1940 - 2013 were investigated using the Mann–Kendall test and Theil–Sen’s slope estimator. Theil and Sen's slope estimator test was used for finding the magnitude of change over a time period. Inverse Weight Distance (IDW) technique in Arc GIS 10.2 was used to investigate spatial patterns of the trends over the entire country. For the period 1940-2013, the results of the analysis showed negative trends in annual rainfall at the whole country except for the Bakel station which exhibits a positive trend but not significant. While for the period 1984 - 2013, all the stations show a positive trend with 07 out of 22 stations exhibiting a significant trend at the 95% confidence interval. The spatial distribution of trend during the period 1940- 2013 showed a significant negative trend in the whole study of area except small areas located at the extreme South Est and West as well as North East and West. The trend magnitude varies between -4.41mm/year to 1.34 mm for the period 1940-2013 with a maximum negative magnitude at the Tambacounda station. For 1984-2013, the trend magnitude is positive for the whole country with values varying between 2.67 mm/year at Goudiry and 12.2 mm/year at Ziguinchor. Magnitudes are greater than 5 mm/year, for stations with significant positive trend.

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