scholarly journals Identification of geographical gaps in the pearl millet germplasm conserved at ICRISAT genebank from West and Central Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
M. Irshad Ahmed ◽  
C. L. L. Gowda ◽  
B. I. G. Haussmann
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Semi Arid

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) genebank in India holds the world's largest collection of 21,594 pearl millet germplasm accessions including 18,447 landraces from 50 countries. West and Central Africa (WCA) region, which is considered as the centre of diversity for pearl millet, is also an important pearl millet germplasm source for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 7372 landraces were assembled from WCA countries. Out of which, 6434 landraces have the georeference data. The geographic origins of these landraces were analyzed using geographic information system tools to identify gaps in the collection. Geographical distribution of existing collections, type of vegetation, land cover and the high probability (>70%) for the occurrence of pearl millet estimated using the FloraMap software in different countries show that 62 districts in 13 provinces of Nigeria, 50 districts in 16 provinces of Burkina Faso, 9 districts in 6 provinces each of Mali and Mauritania, 8 districts in 8 provinces of Chad and 7 districts in 3 provinces of Ghana as the major geographical gaps in the pearl millet collection at the ICRISAT genebank. In view of this, we suggest that the final areas for exploration in these districts should be decided prior to the launch of the collection missions in consultation with local government officials and extension officers, who have the knowledge of pearl millet cultivation in the districts identified.

scholarly journals Improvement of restorer lines for strengthening pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrid breeding in West and Central Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Hassane Zakari ◽  
◽  
Riyazaddin Mohammed ◽  
Prakash Irappa Gangashetty ◽  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
West And Central Africa

scholarly journals Genotyping Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum by Using Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Stragier ◽  
Anthony Ablordey ◽  
Wayne M. Meyers ◽  
Françoise Portaels
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Related Organism ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Unique Genotype

ABSTRACT A novel category of variable tandem repeats (VNTR) called mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) has been identified for Mycobacterium ulcerans (n = 39), M. marinum (n = 27), and one related organism. Fifteen MIRU loci were identified in the genome of M. marinum and were used to genotype M. ulcerans, M. marinum, and an M. marinum-like organism that is considered a possible missing link between M. marinum and M. ulcerans. Seven MIRU loci were polymorphic, and locus-specific PCRs for four of these loci differentiated seven M. ulcerans genotypes, four M. marinum genotypes, and a unique genotype for the missing link organism. The seven M. ulcerans genotypes were related to six different geographic origins of isolates. All isolates from West and Central Africa, including old and recent isolates, belonged to the same genotype, emphasizing the great spatiotemporal homogeneity among African isolates. Unlike the M. ulcerans genotypes, the four M. marinum genotypes could not be clearly related to the geographic origins of the isolates. According to MIRU-VNTR typing, all M. ulcerans and M. marinum isolates of American origin were closely related, suggesting a common American ancestor for these two pathogenic species on the American continents. MIRU typing has significant potential value for discriminating between reoccurrence and reinfection for M. ulcerans disease.

Sorghum and Pearl Millet Diseases in West and Central Africa

2008 ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Marley ◽  
Mamourou Diourt ◽  
Adama Neya ◽  
Stephen K. Nutsugah ◽  
P. Srm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
West And Central Africa

scholarly journals Identification of High-Yielding Iron-Biofortified Open-Pollinated Varieties of Pearl Millet in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash I. Gangashetty ◽  
Mohammed Riyazaddin ◽  
Moussa Daouda Sanogo ◽  
Drabo Inousa ◽  
Kassari Ango Issoufou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Pearl millet is a predominant food and fodder crop in West Africa. This study was carried out to test the newly developed open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) for field performance and stability for grain yield, grain iron (Fe), and grain zinc (Zn) contents across 10 locations in West Africa (i.e., Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Ghana). The test material consisted of 30 OPVs, of which 8 are Fe/Zn biofortified. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. ANOVA revealed highly significant variability for grain yield and micronutrient traits. The presence of genotype × environment (G × E) indicated that the expressions of traits are significantly influenced by both genetic and G × E factors, for grain Fe and Zn contents. Days to 50% flowering and plant height showed less G × E, suggesting these traits are largely under genetic control. The genotypes CHAKTI (46 days), ICTP 8203 (46 days), ICMV 177002 (50 days), ICMV 177003 (48 days), and Moro (53 days) had exhibited early flowering across locations leading to early physiological maturity. CHAKTI (1.42 t/ha yield; 62.24 mg/kg of grain Fe, 47.29 mg/kg of grain Zn) and ICMP 177002 (1.19 t/ha yield, 62.62 mg/kg of grain Fe, 46.62 mg/kg of grain Zn) have performed well for grain yield and also for micronutrients, across locations, compared with the check. Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) ANOVA revealed the highly significant genotypic differences, the mean sum of squares of environment, and its interaction with the genotypes. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV), the most stable genotype is SOSAT-C88 (ASV = 0.04) for grain yield and resistance to downy mildew; mean grain yield and stability rankings (YSI) revealed that the genotypes CHAKTI, SOSAT-C88, and ICMV IS 99001 were high yielding and expressed stability across regions. The strong correlation (r = 0.98∗∗) of grain Fe and Zn contents that merits Fe-based selection is highly rewarding. CHAKTI outperformed over other genotypes for grain yield (71% higher), especially with early maturing varieties in West Africa, such as GB 8735, LCIC 9702, and Jirani, and for grain Fe (16.11% higher) and Zn (7% higher) contents across locations, and made a candidate of high-iron variety to be promoted for combating the micronutrient malnutrition in West and Central Africa (WCA).

AFLP marker diversity in water yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Egesi ◽  
R. Asiedu ◽  
G. Ude ◽  
S. Ogunyemi ◽  
J. K. Egunjobi
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Marker ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Water Yam

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were employed to assess intraspecific variability in water yam (Dioscorea alata L.). Fifty-three accessions of diverse geographic origins in West and Central Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Chad) and Puerto Rico were analysed using three AFLP primer combinations. Of the 342 amplification products generated, a mean of 53.4% were polymorphic. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.29 to 0.95. The accessions could be clustered into three major genetic groups with one outlier. Each group was a mixture of accessions of different geographical origin indicating that geography has not played a major role in the differentiation of the species. A few accessions clustered very tightly suggesting that there may be duplicate accessions in the collection. The wide genetic variation observed constitutes a good basis for genetic improvement of yam.

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