The Effectiveness of Europe’s Economic and ‘Soft’ Power Instruments in its Relations with the State of Israel

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Guy Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Eu

The european integration programme is a unique and ambitious attempt on the part of numerous nations, with a long history of armed conflicts and diverse cultural, linguistic, legal and economic traditions, to become integrated under a ‘new legal order’. Indeed, the European Union (‘EU’) can look back with much satisfaction on its record of transforming a large part of Europe, once afflicted by wars, nationalist divisions, Nazism and Fascism, into a region where peace, political moderation and protection of human rights prevail. Now, the EU wishes to externalise its success. As Robert Kagan has argued inPower and Weakness, ‘the transmission of the European miracle to the rest of the world has become Europe’s newmission civilisatrice. Just as Americans have always believed that they had discovered the secret to human happiness and wished to export it to the rest of the world, so the Europeans have a new mission born of their own discovery of perpetual peace’.

The Effectiveness of Europe’s Economic and ‘Soft’ Power Instruments in its Relations with the State of Israel

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Guy Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Eu

The european integration programme is a unique and ambitious attempt on the part of numerous nations, with a long history of armed conflicts and diverse cultural, linguistic, legal and economic traditions, to become integrated under a ‘new legal order’. Indeed, the European Union (‘EU’) can look back with much satisfaction on its record of transforming a large part of Europe, once afflicted by wars, nationalist divisions, Nazism and Fascism, into a region where peace, political moderation and protection of human rights prevail. Now, the EU wishes to externalise its success. As Robert Kagan has argued in Power and Weakness, ‘the transmission of the European miracle to the rest of the world has become Europe’s new mission civilisatrice. Just as Americans have always believed that they had discovered the secret to human happiness and wished to export it to the rest of the world, so the Europeans have a new mission born of their own discovery of perpetual peace’.

scholarly journals Armed Conflicts in Fragile States and their Influence on Illegal Migrations and Refugees in the European Union in the 21st Century

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (56) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wardin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
New Situation ◽  
The Eu

The changes in the 21st century have brought new threats and problems for the international community. The European Union, as one of the most important actors in the world, was forced to change its approach to a new situation, which is characterized by the presence of threats such as illegal migration, huge refugee influx and the existence of fragile states in its neighborhood. The main objective of this paper is to present the EU’s engagement in stabilization of fragile states through civilian and military missions and operations to hold illegal migration. It answers the question whether the actions undertaken by the EU are powerful. The analysis of the operations and missions in chosen states (Somalia, Libya) shown that although the influx of migrants and refugees is lower, the changes and the influence of actions helping them to become stronger and more secure states are rather minor The conclusions comprise several thoughts which should be taken under consideration by the EU in the future in order to support European security and wealth.

scholarly journals Ensuring compliance with International Humanitarian Law: the EU, France, and Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Steible
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Promising Development ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

Contemporary armed conflicts in different parts of the world, most notably in Syria, have shown that one of the greatest challenges of International Humanitarian Law (hereafter, ‘IHL’) is the lack of a centralized monitoring mechanism in charge of ensuring that it is correctly applied and enforced. While it is difficult to have access to reliable figures on the number of civilian casualties in armed conflicts, there is no doubt that too many men, women, and children are killed unlawfully every day in blatant violation of IHL. Against this background, the involvement of the European Union (hereafter, ‘EU’) in this field, formalized with the adoption of the Guidelines on Promoting Compliance with IHL in 2005 1, constitutes a promising development for the respect and promotion of IHL. The objective of this thesis is therefore to analyze to what extent the EU and two of its Member States – France and Spain – ensure respect for IHL pursuant to Common Article 1 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

The preliminary ruling procedure at the court of justice of the European Union and transformation of European anti-discrimination law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Elena Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Eu

The preliminary ruling procedure is an essential feature of the EU legal system, which is a unique cooperation tool as part of the dialogue between the Court of Justice of the EU and national courts of the Member States. Its main purpose is to ensure uniform interpretation and application of the provisions of EU law with all Member States and to preserve the uniformity of the European legal system. The continuous use by national courts of the Member States of the mechanism of preliminary ruling and constructive inter-judicial cooperation, the Court of Justice has developed an extremely extensive case law on the prohibition of discrimination and with the result to introduce substantial changes in European anti-discrimination law.The preliminary rulings of the Court of Justice have shown its inclination to expand notions of what constitutes discrimination and in most cases the Court prompt by the desire to interpret the provisions of European law so as to ensure the full effectiveness of the law, as well as a willingness to promote and strengthen protection against discrimination in Europe. While the protection against discrimination on some grounds is stronger than others, however, the preliminary rulings of the Court of Justice are important contribution to the transformation of anti-discrimination law, promote change in the national legislation of the Member States and provide the more effective protection of human rights in general.

The Swordfish Dispute between the EU and Chile at the ITLOS and the WTO

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
Gatt 1994 ◽  
The Eu

AbstractDuring the 1990s and beyond, the European Union (EU) and Chile have been engaged in a controversy over highly migratory swordfish stocks in the South Pacific. Following disputes over Cod, Turbot, and Tuna, the Swordfish Case reveals outstanding problems in the international law of fisheries. The Swordfish Case attracts further attention, as it involves proceedings both at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and at the World Trade Organisation, with potentially inconsistent decisions. At the WTO, the EU's assertion of a right to access Chilean ports on the grounds of GATT 1994 freedom of transit provisions bears an impact on the use of ports in countries around the world. At the ITLOS Chamber, the long-standing conflict between distant water fishing nations and coastal states is once again to the fore. Although the parties to the dispute arrived at a provisional agreement, setting out to establish a scientific fisheries program and a conservation framework, the issues involved in the swordfish controversy highlight the tensions among the international maritime, economic, and environmental regimes. The article offers an overall account of the core elements of the swordfish dispute.

Development of European Union and joining perspective of Croatia

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Ivan Vuković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-political and regulative post, 2) Economical post, where the forming of European economical and monetary policy is in the first plan, especially the introducing of Euro as the unique European currency, 3) Post of Mutual foreign security policy within European Union. In that context we need to highlight the research conducted here and in European Union, including the world, regarding development of European Union and its economical, legal, political and cultural, as well as foreign diplomatic results, which are all perspectives of European Union. All the scientists and researches which were involved in exploring the development of EU with its modern tendencies and development perspective, agree that extraordinary results are achieved regards to economical, legal, political, foreign-security and diplomatic views, even tough many repercussions exist in progress of some particular members and within the EU as a whole. The biggest controversy arises in the perspective and expanding of European Union regarding ratification of the Constitution of EU from particular country members, but especially after the referendum was refused from two European countries, France and Netherlands. According to some estimates, the Constitution of EU would have difficulty to be adopted in Switzerland and some other Scandinavian countries, but also in Great Britain and other very developed countries. However the European Community and European Union were developing and expanding towards third European countries, regardless of Constitutional non-existence, where we can assume that if and when the Constitution of EU will be ratified, the EU will further develop as one of the most modern communities. This will enable economical development, especially development of European business, unique European market and free trade of goods and services, market of financial capital and labour market in free movement of labour. Being that EU has become one of the most largest dominating markets in the world, it offers a possibility to all new members to divide labour by using modern knowledge and high technology which insure economical, social and political prosperity. This results to forming a society of European countries which will guarantee all rights and freedom of development for all nations and ethnic groups. As well as, all European countries with somewhat less sovereignty, but in international relations will be stronger and significant, not only in sense of economics, but also in politics and military diplomatic relations. Therefore, Croatia has no choice and perspective if she does not join the European Union till year 2010, but until than it needs to create its strategy of economical and scientific-technological development, including demographic development, which will insure equal progress of Croatia as an equal member of European Union.

scholarly journals The European Union and natural resources that fund armed conflicts: Explaining the EU’s policy choice for supply chain due-diligence requirements

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn C Vlaskamp
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
The Eu

Natural resources can be an important source of funding for warring parties in armed conflicts. Curbing the trade in these so-called conflict resources is, therefore, part of the European Union’s conflict management policies. The article explores the EU’s policies in this field and asks, specifically, why the EU is using supply chain due-diligence measures to achieve this goal. The author argues that they are the response to enforcement problems of most existing multilateral and unilateral sanction regimes because of state weakness in the targeted regions. This approach results from a broader idea from the EU that transparency can improve resource governance and, therefore, safeguard both its political and economic interests in conflict zones, such as the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, when the issue becomes specific—as in the EU Conflict Minerals Regulation—translating this idea into concrete policies becomes more contentious as the EU institutions set different priorities for the final policy design.

scholarly journals BREXIT REFERENDUM OF EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Laode Muhamad Fathun
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The Eu

This paper describes the phenomenon Brexit or Britain Exit on the future of EU regionalism and its impact on Indonesia. This paper will explain in detail the reason for the emergence of a number of policies Brexit. Brexit event caused much speculation related to Brexit in the European Union. The policy is considered full controversial, some experts say that Brexit in the European Union (EU) showed the independence of Britain as an independent state. Other hand, that Britain is the "ancestor" of the Europeans was struck with the release of the policy, meaning European history can not be separated from the history of Britain. In fact the above reasons that Britain came out associated with independence as an independent state related to EU policies that are too large, as a result of the policy model is very holistic policy while Britain desire is wholistic policy, especially in the economic, political, social and cultural. In addition, the geopolitical location of the EU headquarters in Brussels who also became the dominant actor in a union policy that demands as EU countries have been involved in the formulation of development policy, including controversial is related to the ration immigrants. Other reason is the prestige associated with the currency. Although long since Britain does not fully adopt the EU rules but there is the possibility in the EU currency union can only occur with the assumption that the creation of functional perfect integration.

scholarly journals Effects of Serbian accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Holzner ◽  
Valentina Ivanic
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

In this article, the global simulation model (GSIM) of Joseph F. Francois and Keith H. Hall (2009) for analyzing global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes was applied to Serbia. This was to measure the effects of full trade liberalization with the EU after Serbian accession to the EU. As anticipated, most of the changes in welfare after full liberalization of trade between Serbia and EU can be expected in sectors where Serbia has specialized; protection against imports from the EU is strong. However, losses could also occur in sectors that currently face strong protection against the rest of the world and this protection is lost after EU accession. Trade liberalization will lead to a substantial loss of tariff revenues. Reduced consumer prices might, on the one hand increase consumer surplus but on the other hand decrease producer surplus and output in certain industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document