Long term relation between solar activity and surface temperature at different geographical regions

AbstractGlobal suface temperature has showed a rise trend in the last 150 years. This has been mainly attributed to the anthropogenic induced grenhouse gases emissions. However, the role of natural processes is not completely understood and should not be underestimated. In this work, we compare the long term variability of solar activity (as quantified by the sunspot number) with several surface temperature series from different geographical regions (global, hemispheric and latitudinal ranges). The interval of analysis is 1880-2005. The data are analyzed with wavelet multiresolution technique. It has been found that the solar activity long term trend has a maximum around 1970, while air surface temperature series showed maximum (still rising) at 2005. There are differences in the long term trend for Northern and Southern hemispheres. These differences and the relation with solar activity are discussed in this work.

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Popular Nationalism and Economic Interests in China’s Japan Policy

Strategic Adjustment and the Rise of China ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501709180.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

James Reilly

Keyword(s):

Economic Cooperation ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Economic Interdependence ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Term Trend ◽

Popular Nationalism ◽

Long Term Trend ◽

Japanese Nationalism

This chapter examines the contribution of Sino-Japanese economic interdependence on China's moderation of the role of mass nationalism on its policymaking. It contends that the importance to China of stable Sino-Japanese economic cooperation has compelled Chinese leaders to repress periodic mass outbursts of anti-Japanese nationalism before they could harm Sino-Japanese economic cooperation. But the rise of the Chinese economy vis-à-vis Japan, and Beijing's corresponding understanding that Japanese dependence on the Chinese economy has superseded Sino-Japanese interdependence, have weakened the constraints of economic interests on China's Japan policy. The rise of the Chinese economy has eroded the contribution of economic interdependence to stable Sino-Japanese relations, suggesting a long-term trend of greater nationalist content in China's Japan policy.

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Long-term trends in the relation between daytime and nighttime values of <I>fo</I>F2

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-26-1199-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1199-1206 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. D. Danilov

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Term Trend ◽

The World ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Thermospheric Winds ◽

Long Term Trend ◽

Ionospheric Sounding ◽

Limiting Value

Abstract. The data from the vertical ionospheric sounding for 12 stations over the world were analyzed to find the relation between the values of foF2 for 02:00 LT and 14:00 LT of the same day. It is found that, in general, there exists a negative correlation between foF2(02) and foF2(14). The value of the correlation coefficient R(foF2) can be in some cases high enough and reach minus 0.7–0.8. The value of R(foF2) demonstrates a well pronounced seasonal variations, the highest negative values being observed at the equinox periods of the year. It is also found that R(foF2) depends on geomagnetic activity: the magnitude of R(foF2) is the highest for the choice of only magnetically quiet days (Ap<6), decreasing with the increase of the limiting value of Ap. For a fixed limitation on Ap, the value of R(foF2) depends also on solar activity. Apparently, the effects found are related to thermospheric winds. Analysis of long series of the vertical sounding data shows that there is a long-term trend in R(foF2) with a statistically significant increase in the R(foF2) magnitude after about 1980. Similar analysis is performed for the foF2(02)/foF2(14) ratio itself. The ratio also demonstrates a systematic trend after 1980. Both trends are interpreted in terms of long-term changes in thermospheric circulation.

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