scholarly journals The super star cluster driven feedback in ESO338-IG04 and Haro 11

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S316) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
A. Bik ◽  
G. Östlin ◽  
V. Menacho ◽  
A. Adamo ◽  
M. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
The State ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Stellar Feedback ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe stellar content of young massive star clusters emit large amounts of Lyman continuum photons and inject momentum into the inter stellar medium (ISM) by the strong stellar winds of the most massive stars in the cluster. When the most massive stars explode as supernovae, large amounts of mechanical energy are injected in the ISM. A detailed study of the ISM around these massive cluster provides insights on the effect of cluster feedback.We present high quality integral field spectroscopy taken with VLT/MUSE of two starburst galaxies: ESO 338-IG04 and Haro 11. Both galaxies contain a significant number of super star clusters. The MUSE data provide us with an unprecedented view of the state and kinematics of the ionized gas in the galaxy allowing us to study the effect of stellar feedback on small and large spatial scales. We present our recent results on studying the ISM state of these two galaxies. The data of both galaxies show that the mechanical and ionization feedback of the super star clusters in the galaxy modify the state and kinematics of the ISM substancially by creating highly ionized bubbles around the cluster, making the central part of the galaxy highly ionized. This shows that the HII regions around the individual clusters are density bounded, allowing the ionizing photons to escape and ionize the ISM further out.

scholarly journals Survival of molecular gas in a stellar feedback-driven outflow witnessed with the MUSE TIMER project and ALMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 3904-3928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Leaman ◽  
Francesca Fragkoudi ◽  
Miguel Querejeta ◽  
Gigi Y C Leung ◽  
Dimitri A Gadotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Stellar Feedback ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Field Lines

ABSTRACT Stellar feedback plays a significant role in modulating star formation, redistributing metals, and shaping the baryonic and dark structure of galaxies – however, the efficiency of its energy deposition to the interstellar medium is challenging to constrain observationally. Here we leverage HST and ALMA imaging of a molecular gas and dust shell ($M_{\mathrm{ H}_2} \sim 2\times 10^{5}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) in an outflow from the nuclear star-forming ring of the galaxy NGC 3351, to serve as a boundary condition for a dynamical and energetic analysis of the outflowing ionized gas seen in our MUSE TIMER survey. We use starburst99 models and prescriptions for feedback from simulations to demonstrate that the observed star formation energetics can reproduce the ionized and molecular gas dynamics – provided a dominant component of the momentum injection comes from direct photon pressure from young stars, on top of supernovae, photoionization heating, and stellar winds. The mechanical energy budget from these sources is comparable to low luminosity active galactic neuclei, suggesting that stellar feedback can be a relevant driver of bulk gas motions in galaxy centres – although here ≲10−3 of the ionized gas mass is escaping the galaxy. We test several scenarios for the survival/formation of the cold gas in the outflow, including in situ condensation and cooling. Interestingly, the geometry of the molecular gas shell, observed magnetic field strengths and emission line diagnostics are consistent with a scenario where magnetic field lines aided survival of the dusty ISM as it was initially launched (with mass-loading factor ≲1) from the ring by stellar feedback. This system’s unique feedback-driven morphology can hopefully serve as a useful litmus test for feedback prescriptions in magnetohydrodynamical galaxy simulations.

scholarly journals Massive Stars in the Tarantula Nebula: A Rosetta Stone for Extragalactic Supergiant HII Regions

Galaxies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
Hii Regions ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The Individual

A review of the properties of the Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus) in the Large Magellanic Cloud is presented, primarily from the perspective of its massive star content. The proximity of the Tarantula and its accessibility to X-ray through radio observations permit it to serve as a Rosetta Stone amongst extragalactic supergiant HII regions since one can consider both its integrated characteristics and the individual properties of individual massive stars. Recent surveys of its high mass stellar content, notably the VLT FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS), are reviewed, together with VLT/MUSE observations of the central ionizing region NGC 2070 and HST/STIS spectroscopy of the young dense cluster R136, provide a near complete Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the region, and cumulative ionizing output. Several high mass binaries are highlighted, some of which have been identified from a recent X-ray survey. Brief comparisons with the stellar content of giant HII regions in the Milky Way (NGC 3372) and Small Magellanic Cloud (NGC 346) are also made, together with Green Pea galaxies and star forming knots in high-z galaxies. Finally, the prospect of studying massive stars in metal poor galaxies is evaluated.

scholarly journals The influence of feedback from massive stars on the formation and emergence of massive clusters

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (S316) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
James E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Stellar Feedback ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Massive Clusters ◽  
Made In

AbstractMassive star clusters are of fundamental importance both observationally, since they are visible at such great distances, and theoretically, because of their influence on the large–scale ISM. Understanding stellar feedback is a prerequisite for making sense of their formation and early evolution, since feedback influences cluster structure, star formation efficiency, and sets the timescales on which clusters emerge from their parent clouds to become optically visible. I review the progress made in understanding these issues from a numerical perspective.

scholarly journals Super star clusters in the Galactic Center as revealed by HST-NICMOS

1999 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
Donald F. Figer ◽  
Sungsoo S. Kim ◽  
Mark Morris ◽  
Eugene Serabyn
Keyword(s):  
Main Sequence ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Initial Mass Function ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Multiple Star ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
Massive Clusters

The three massive clusters in the Galactic Center are not only the most massive young clusters in the Galaxy, but they harbor more Wolf-Rayet stars than any other starburst region in the Local Group. An understanding of their stellar content will be valuable for extending models to starburst regions in other galaxies. We present HST-NICMOS images, luminosity functions, and color-magnitude diagrams of two of these: the Quintuplet and Arches clusters. The images allow the detection of stars over 6 magnitudes fainter than ever before and reveal previously undetected multiple star systems. For the first time, we clearly identify the main sequence in the Quintuplet cluster, and we extend earlier detections of the main sequence in the Arches cluster to Minitial < 10 M⊙. We estimate that the Arches cluster has an initial mass function slope which is greater than the Salpeter value. Given their stellar content, the Galactic Center clusters provide both the best nearby examples of super star clusters and the best nearby locale in which to investigate WR phenomena in starburst galaxies and galactic nuclei. We discuss the content of the Galactic Center clusters, with a particular emphasis on how they compare to other massive clusters of the local group. We expect that many of the massive stars in the Galactic Center will soon evolve to become WR stars, and eventually become supernovae at a rate of ∼ 1 per 20 000 years for the next several Myr. We note that our preliminary N-body simulations suggest that such dense clusters are short-lived in the strong tidal field of the Galactic Center, consistent with the fact that no older dense clusters are seen in the central 50 pc. This implies a star formation rate of 5(10−3) M⊙ yr−1 in the Galactic Center.

scholarly journals The stellar content of the Wolf-Rayet galaxy NGC 5253 from ISO-SWS spectroscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
Paul A. Crowther ◽  
Sara C. Beck ◽  
Allan J. Willis ◽  
Peter S. Conti ◽  
Patrick W. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Interstellar Extinction ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Emission Line Galaxies ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
Very High

Wolf-Rayet galaxies are a subset of blue emission-line galaxies, whose spectra show the signature of large numbers of WR stars, with ages in the range 1-10 x 106 yr. Mid infra-red observations are well suited to the study of their hot, massive stars since this spectral region contains many fine-structure nebular lines which depend very sensitively on stellar content. The observations of ISO have opened-up this window, which we are exploiting through a Guest Observer program with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (sws), that includes NGC 5253, a nearby (4 Mpc) WR galaxy. NGC 5253 contains several young super-star clusters, no older than a few million years and has been the focus of many recent studies which have shown that the extinction is very high and patchy in the UV and optical. ISO observations of NGC 5253 are particularly important since the interstellar extinction at mid-IR wavelengths is low and because of its remarkably hot and young stellar population.

scholarly journals Signatures of the Youngest Starbursts: The Discovery of Ultradense HII Regions

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Kelsey E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Hii Regions ◽  
Starburst Galaxies ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
Ultracompact Hii

Globular clusters are ubiquitous in the local universe, and their younger and bluer siblings, “super star clusters” (SSCs), have been observed in a large number of starburst galaxies. Recently a handful of ultra-young SSCs have been foundstill embedded in their birth material(e.g. Kobulnicky &amp; Johnson 1999 (here after KJ99); Turner et al. 2000; Beck et al. 2000; Tarchi et al. 2000). Because of their similarity (although on a vastly larger scale) to ultracompact HII regions in the Galaxy, KJ99 dub these embedded massive star clusters “ultradense HII regions” (UDHIIs). I will review the discovery of UDHIIs, their modeled properties, and their connection to the more familiar Galactic ultracompact HII regions.

scholarly journals Cluster formation induced by a cloud–cloud collision in [DBS2003]179

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Kuwahara ◽  
Kazufumi Torii ◽  
Norikazu Mizuno ◽  
Shinji Fujita ◽  
Mikito Kohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Star Cluster ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Super Star Clusters

Abstract [DBS2003]179 is a super star cluster in the Galaxy discovered in deep near-infrared observations. We carried out CO $J$ = 1–0 and $J$ = 3–2 observations of the region of [DBS2003]179 with NANTEN2, ASTE, and the Mopra 22 m telescope. We identified and mapped two molecular clouds that are likely to be associated with the cluster. This association is supported by the spatial correlation with the corresponding 8$\, \mu$m Spitzer image and by a high ratio of the two transitions of $^{12}$CO($J$ = 3–2 and $J$ = 1–0). The two clouds show complementary distributions in space, and bridging features connect them in velocity. We hypothesize that the two clouds collided with each other 1–2 Myr ago and that the collision compressed the interfacial layer, triggering the formation of the cluster. This offers an additional piece of evidence for a super star cluster formed by a cloud–cloud collision, alongside the four super star clusters Westerlund$\:2$, NGC 3603, RCW 38, and R 136. These findings indicate that the known super star clusters with closely associated dust emission were formed by cloud–cloud collisions, lending support to the important role of cloud–cloud collisions in high-mass star formation.

scholarly journals LMC Clusters: Young

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Mass Functions

The young globular clusters of the LMC have ages of 107–108 y. Their masses and structure are similar to those of the smaller galactic globular clusters. Their stellar mass functions (in the mass range 6 m⊙ to 1.2 m⊙) vary greatly from cluster to cluster, although the clusters are similar in total mass, age, structure and chemical composition. It would be very interesting to know why these clusters are forming now in the LMC and not in the Galaxy.I will talk about the “young globular” or “blue populous” clusters of the LMC. They were first identified as a family by Hodge (1961). The ages of these objects are 107 to 108 y, and their masses are 104 to 105 m⊙, so they are populous enough to be really useful for studying the evolution of massive stars. I will not discuss this aspect (see the extensive work by Flower and Hodge and Robertson since 1974), but will concentrate on the structure and stellar content of these young clusters.

scholarly journals Barred galaxies in cosmological zoom-in simulations: the importance of feedback

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (2) ◽  
pp. 1864-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Zana ◽  
Pedro R Capelo ◽  
Massimo Dotti ◽  
Lucio Mayer ◽  
Alessandro Lupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Barred Galaxies ◽  
Stellar Feedback ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Zoom In ◽  
Statistical Sample

Abstract Bars are a key factor in the long-term evolution of spiral galaxies, in their unique role in redistributing angular momentum and transporting gas and stars on large scales. The Eris-suite simulations are cosmological zoom-in, N-body, smoothed-particle hydrodynamic simulations built to follow the formation and evolution of a Milky-Way-sized galaxy across the build-up of the large-scale structure. Here we analyse and describe the outcome of two particular simulations taken from the Eris suite – ErisBH and Eris2k – which mainly differ in the prescriptions employed for gas cooling, star formation, and feedback from supernovae and black holes. Our study shows that the enhanced effective feedback in Eris2k, due to the collective effect of the different micro-physics implementations, results in a galaxy that is less massive than its ErisBH counterpart till z ∼ 1. However, when the stellar content is large enough so that global dynamical instabilities can be triggered, the galaxy in Eris2k develops a stronger and more extended bar with respect to ErisBH. We demonstrate that the structural properties and time evolution of the two bars are very different. Our results highlight the importance of accurate sub-grid prescriptions in cosmological zoom-in simulations of the process of galaxy formation and evolution, and the possible use of a statistical sample of barred galaxies to assess the strength of the stellar feedback.

scholarly journals The e-MERLIN Cyg OB2 radio survey (COBRaS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S272) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Raman K. Prinja ◽  
Danielle Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Formation Dynamics ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
Massive Clusters ◽  
Radio Survey

AbstractThe e-MERLIN Cyg OB2 Radio Survey (COBRaS) is designed to exploit e-MERLIN's enhanced capabilities to conduct uniquely probing, targeted deep-field mapping of the massive Cyg OB2 association in our Galaxy. The project aims to deliver (between 2010 to 2013) the most detailed radio census for the most massive OB association in the northern hemisphere, offering direct comparison to not only massive clusters in general, but also young globular clusters and super star clusters. With the COBRaS Legacy project we will assemble a uniform dataset of lasting value that is critical for advancing our understanding of current astrophysical problems in the inter-related core themes of (i) mass loss and evolution of massive stars, (ii) the formation, dynamics and content of massive OB associations, and (iii) the frequency of massive binaries and the incidence of non-thermal radiation.

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