scholarly journals Institutions, rules, and equilibria: a unified theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK HINDRIKS ◽  
FRANCESCO GUALA
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Framework ◽  
The Way

AbstractWe propose a new framework to unify three conceptions of institutions that play a prominent role in the philosophical and scientific literature: the equilibria account, the regulative rules account, and the constitutive rules account. We argue that equilibrium-based and rule-based accounts are individually inadequate, but that jointly they provide a satisfactory conception of institutions as rules-in-equilibrium. In the second part of the paper we show that constitutive rules can be derived from regulative rules via the introduction of theoretical terms. We argue that the constitutive rules theory is reducible to the rules-in equilibrium theory, and that it accounts for the way in which we assign names to social institutions.

Modelling of Semantic Processes and Evolutional Semantic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Special Procedure ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Semantic Evolution ◽  
Semantic Processes ◽  
The Way

In Linguistics the terms model and modelling have a vast array of meanings, which depends on the purpose and the object, and the type of the scientific research. The article is dedicated to the investigation of a special procedure of semantic processes modelling, deducing and substantiating the notion “evolutional semantic model”, the content and operational opportunities of which differ drastically from the essence and purpose of the known from the scientific literature phenomenon of the same name. In the proposed research this variety of modelling is oriented towards the description of the dynamics of the legal terms content loading, the estimation of possible vectors of the semantic evolution on the way of its terminalization/determinalization. The evolutional model of semantics has here as its basis the succession of sememes or series of sememes, the order of which is determined with accounting of a number of parameters. The typical schemes of the meaning development, illustrated by the succession of sememes, are considered to be the models of semantic laws (evolutional semantic models = EMS). Their function is the explanation of the mechanism and the order of the stages of the semantic evolution of the system of the words which sprung from one root on the way of its legal specialization, and, therefore, the proposed in the paper experience of semantic laws modelling differs from the expertise of the “catalogue of semantic derivations”, proposed by H. A. Zaliznjak, which doesn’t have as its purpose the explanation of meaning displacements, and from the notion of semantic derivation, models of derivation, dynamic models, worked out by O. V. Paducheva, which also only state such a displacement, without proving its reality. Key words: evolutional semantic model (EMS), modelling, semantic law, sememe, pre(law).

scholarly journals Scrum: A new framework applied to education

Eduweb ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Antonieta Kuz
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Agile Methodologies ◽  
Full Development ◽  
New Framework ◽  
The Way

The digital transformation entails the inclusion and development of agile methodologies that allow adapting the way of working to the conditions of the project, achieving flexibility to the specific circumstances of the environment by working collaboratively. The extrapolation of Scrum to education pursues a purely practical and experiential learning, with the aim of achieving the full development of its autonomy, abilities and skills. Consequently, the objective pursued by this article is to highlight the different topics that are considered when working with Scrum and presenting one example of the application of agile methodologies in the classroom eduScrum.

Morphological generalization in heritage speakers: The Turkish aorist

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110592
Author(s):  
Serkan Uygun ◽  
Lara Schwarz ◽  
Harald Clahsen
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Heritage speakers (HS) have been shown to experience difficulties with inflectional morphology (particularly with irregular morphology) and to frequently overapply regular morphology. The present study seeks to get further insight into the inflectional processes of HS by investigating how these are generalized to nonce words in language production, the first study of this kind for heritage Turkish. We specifically examined morphological generalization processes in the Turkish aorist which – unusual for this language – includes both regular and irregular forms. A written elicited-production experiment containing nonce verbs with varying degrees of similarity to existing verbs was administered to Turkish HS and native monolingually-raised Turkish speakers (MS). We also explored how well a formal model that was trained on a large lexical corpus of Turkish matches the human speakers’ performance. Our main finding is that HS employ both similarity-based and rule-based mechanisms for morphological generalization of the Turkish aorist, with subtle differences to the way these mechanisms are applied by Turkish MS.

Desert and merit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Way ◽  
Good Deeds

The ideas of desert and merit are fundamental to the way we normally think about our personal relationships and our social institutions. We believe that people who perform good deeds and display admirable qualities deserve praise, honours and rewards, whereas people whose behaviour is anti-social deserve blame and punishment. We also think that justice is in large part a matter of people receiving the treatment that they deserve. But many philosophers have found these ways of thinking hard to justify. Why should people’s past deeds determine how we should treat them in the future? Since we cannot see inside their heads, how can we ever know what people really deserve? How can we reconcile our belief that people must be responsible for their actions in order to deserve credit or blame with the determinist claim that all actions are in principle capable of being explained by causes over which we have no control?

Concealment and revelation as bureaucratic and ethnographic practice: Lessons from Tunisian prisons

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Jefferson ◽  
Bethany E Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Prison Life ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Preparatory Work ◽  
The Way

Drawing on preparatory work for a study of prison life in Tunisia, this article explores the twin practices of concealing and revealing that are common features of bureaucratic and ethnographic practice. Insights from the anthropology of bureaucracy and secrecy are brought into conversation with the experience of prison ethnographers (seasoned and novice) to illuminate the way prisons as peculiar sites of rule-based domination call for a particular hyper-reflexive methodological approach best understood as ‘craft’. The encounter between research team and prison bureaucracy is documented, and its multi-layered quality illustrated with descriptions of interactions in three prisons and at prison headquarters. This hesitant, slowly unfolding, constrained and contingent negotiation of boundaries is characterised as a gradual sharing of secrets where the configuration of our relationship with gatekeepers – with whom we shared and who shared with us – is highly instructive about prison life, bureaucratic practice and ethnography. The article demonstrates the fundamental role of practices of concealment and revelation in human and institutional interaction.

Online Collaboration Adoption Measurement Material: A Case Study in Indonesia’s ABC Telco Company

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
Indrawati ◽  
Duto Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Online Collaboration ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Telecommunication Company ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The Way

ABC Telco as the largest state owned telecommunication company in Indonesia with 16,097 employees had introduced online collaboration application to support company’s operational activities in the end of 2014. Olive is targeted to change the way of work of every employee to become more effective and efficient. Either of the number of employees who has registered or employees who have been actively using the application is still small, amounting to 12% of the total employees. In order to increase the adoption of Olive, finding factors that affect the behavior intention of ABC employee toward online collaboration applications (Olive) is needed. Based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 [1], this study proposes a new modified model toward Olive. The measurement tool which consists of 8 constructs and 39 items proposed in this study is valid and reliable. Therefore, this proposed measurement material is ready to be used in further study.

Anthropologists Meet the 15M: The Rise of Engaged Ethnography

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Beltran Roca ◽  
Iban Diaz-Parra ◽  
Vanessa Gómez-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Engaged Ethnography ◽  
Feminist Movements

In 2011 we were involved as activists in labour, 15M, and the housing and feminist movements. Part of our scientific production became intertwined with our militancy. In addition, drawing on our research and militant experiences in the cycle of struggle that started in 2011, we noticed that the process of questioning and delegitimisation was also affecting the ambit of the social sciences. Thus, we undertook a review of the scientific literature on the 15M in order to ascertain whether the epistemological perspectives and the methodological choices of these studies were related in some way to the crisis of representation that was affecting other social institutions. This is the objective of this article. First, it explains the strategy we followed in searching the literature on the 15M. Second, it introduces the findings of the literature review on this social movement, both in Spanish and in international academic journals. Third, it proposes a typology of engaged ethnographic research. Fourth, it provides a series of limitations and precautions that researchers should bear in mind when putting this research technique into practice. Fifth, it includes a final section synthesising the main conclusions of this article regarding the anthropological production of the 15M, the types of engaged ethnography, and the limitations of this technique.

scholarly journals Three Conceptions of a Theory of Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Emrah Aydinonat ◽  
Petri Ylikoski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Social Kinds

We compare Guala’s unified theory of institutions with that of Searle and Greif. We show that unification can be many things and it may be associated with diverse explanatory goals. We also highlight some of the important shortcomings of Guala’s account: it does not capture all social institutions, its ability to bridge social ontology and game theory is based on a problematic interpretation of the type-token distinction, and its ability to make social ontology useful for social sciences is hindered by Guala’s interpretation of social institution types as social kinds akin to natural kinds.

Prehistory: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gosden
Keyword(s):  
Traditional View ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
New Framework ◽  
The Way

Prehistory covers the period of some four million years before the start of written history, when our earliest ancestors, the Australopithecines, existed in Africa. Prehistory: A Very Short Introduction invites us to think about who we are by considering who we have been. There have been many archaeological discoveries over the last ten years, with a new framework for prehistory emerging. Greater understanding of Chinese and central Asian prehistory shows Eurasian prehistory in a different light, changing the traditional view of human progress around the invention of agriculture and development of cities. This VSI explores the new landscape of our prehistory, considering the way the different geographical locations weave together.

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