The role of exploration and feeding motivation in the causation of tail-biting in growing pigs.

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
J. E. L. Day ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Welfare Problem

Growing pigs are observed to spend a considerable amount of time chewing substrates in their environment (e.g. Jensen et al., 1993). This behaviour has been exposed to scientific investigation on many occasions because of its link to the serious welfare problem of tail-biting (see Fraser, 1987). However, there is still no motivational explanation which adequately describes the causation of chewing because it is unclear if the behaviour reflects feeding motivation, exploratory motivation, or a combination of both (Day et al., 1995). Therefore, this aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that the initial exploratory chewing of a novel substrate may identify nutritional properties which could, if appropriate, reinforce feeding motivation and subsequent foraging behaviour.

The role of exploration and feeding motivation in the causation of tail-biting in growing pigs.

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
J. E. L. Day ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Welfare Problem

Growing pigs are observed to spend a considerable amount of time chewing substrates in their environment (e.g. Jensen et al., 1993). This behaviour has been exposed to scientific investigation on many occasions because of its link to the serious welfare problem of tail-biting (see Fraser, 1987). However, there is still no motivational explanation which adequately describes the causation of chewing because it is unclear if the behaviour reflects feeding motivation, exploratory motivation, or a combination of both (Day et al., 1995). Therefore, this aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that the initial exploratory chewing of a novel substrate may identify nutritional properties which could, if appropriate, reinforce feeding motivation and subsequent foraging behaviour.

The Effect of Food Deprivation on the Expression of Foraging and Exploratory Behaviour in the Pig

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
J. E. L. Day ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
E. M. C. Terlouw ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Effect Of Food

Growing pigs spend considerable time orally manipulating their environment, which can include their pen-mates. In certain situations this leads to problems such as tail-biting. It is unclear if this active behaviour represents foraging or exploratory motivation, a problem exacerbated by the possibility that both share certain behavioural elements. The aim of this experiment was to distinguish appetitive foraging (extrinsic exploration) from intrinsic exploration by manipulating both feeding motivation and the content of the external environment. The objective was to discover which behavioural elements are common to either behavioural category. This would allow hypotheses to be proposed concerning the causation of oral-manipulation of the environment and inappropriate stimuli such as pen-mates, and furthermore to control for the effects of intrinsic exploration in continuing experiments concerning foraging behaviour.

The effect of giving the food allowance in one, two or three meals per day on the post-feeding behaviour of pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
C A Morgan ◽  
A.B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Stereotypic Behaviour

Stereotypic behaviour in pregnant sows is related to food restriction, occurs in the post prandial period (Terlouw, Lawrence and Illius, 1991) and may be linked to continued existence of feeding motivation after a small meal of concentrate food (Lawrence and Illius 1989). Lawrence and Terlouw (1993) suggested that feeding motivation is heightened by positive feedback from the act of eating, while the negative feedback from absorbed nutrients may be insufficient to produce satiation. The resulting foraging behaviour is then channelled towards simple and repeated behavioural acts. In an attempt to manipulate positive feedback signals growing pigs were given a restricted food allowance in one, two or three meals per day and their behaviour was observed during the post-prandial period.

The effect of giving the food allowance in one, two or three meals per day on the post-feeding behaviour of pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
C A Morgan ◽  
A.B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Stereotypic Behaviour

Stereotypic behaviour in pregnant sows is related to food restriction, occurs in the post prandial period (Terlouw, Lawrence and Illius, 1991) and may be linked to continued existence of feeding motivation after a small meal of concentrate food (Lawrence and Illius 1989). Lawrence and Terlouw (1993) suggested that feeding motivation is heightened by positive feedback from the act of eating, while the negative feedback from absorbed nutrients may be insufficient to produce satiation. The resulting foraging behaviour is then channelled towards simple and repeated behavioural acts. In an attempt to manipulate positive feedback signals growing pigs were given a restricted food allowance in one, two or three meals per day and their behaviour was observed during the post-prandial period.

A Method for Chronically Implanting Stimulating Electrodes into the Brains of Locusts, and some Results of Stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
C. H. FRASER ROWELL
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Stimulating Electrodes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antennal Movement ◽  
Steel Electrodes

1. Methods are described for implanting permanent stainless-steel electrodes into the brains of locusts, for stimulating the brain under near-normal conditions, and for localizing the electrode subsequently. 2. Threshold currents measured under these conditions are lower than those required in acute preparations, or if the animal is restrained. 3. The results of stimulation are described for four common aspects of behaviour. These are antennal movement, locomotion, feeding and sexual behaviour. 4. The effect of stimulation on antennal and locomotory movements largely confirms previous work on crickets. 5. Feeding and foraging behaviour, which is a very common result, is shown to be almost completely determined by peripheral stimuli at the time of brain stimulation. The role of the latter is permissive or disinhibitory rather than causal or excitatory. 6. Integrated sexual behaviour is occasionally inhibited, but never elicited, by stimulation. This contrasts with observations on crickets, and its implications are discussed.

Foraging behaviour in East Asian desert rodents and its implications on coexistence

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ying Shuai ◽  
Yan-Ling Song ◽  
Burt P. Kotler ◽  
Keren Embar ◽  
Zhi-Gao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Patch Use ◽  
Desert Rodents ◽  
Daily Scale

We studied the foraging behaviour of two sympatric rodents (Meriones meridianus and Dipus sagitta) in the Gobi Desert, Northwestern China. The role of the foraging behaviour in promoting species coexistence was also examined. We used giving-up densities (GUDs) in artificial food patches to measure the patch use of rodents and video trapping to directly record the foraging behaviour, vigilance, and interspecific interactions. Three potential mechanisms of coexistence were evaluated (1) microhabitat partitioning; (2) spatial heterogeneity of resource abundance with a tradeoff in foraging efficiency vs. locomotion; and (3) temporal partitioning on a daily scale. Compared to M. meridianus, D. sagitta generally possessed lower GUDs, spent more time on patches, and conducted more visits per tray per capita, regardless of microhabitat. However, M. meridianus possessed advantages in average harvesting rates and direct interference against D. sagitta. Our results only partly support the third mechanism listed above. We propose another potential mechanism of coexistence: a tradeoff between interference competition and safety, with M. meridianus better at interference competition and D. sagitta better at avoiding predation risk. This mechanism is uncommon in previously studied desert rodent systems.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Two Broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL. var Italica) Cultivars to Salinity and Nutritional Quality Improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chokri Zaghdoud ◽  
Carlos Alcaraz-López ◽  
César Mota-Cadenas ◽  
María del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Specific Strategy ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Salinity Levels

The comparative responses of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceavar. Italica, cv. Parthenon and cv. Naxos) to a 15 d exposure to different NaCl levels were investigated. Salinity led to increased concentrations of Na+and Cl−ions in both cultivars, a disruption of the endogenous minerals levels in the shoots and roots—that varied with the cultivar and salt concentration—and decreases in the osmotic potential (Ψπ), root hydraulic conductance (L0), and stomatal conductance (Gs). The reduced biomass of Naxos at moderate NaCl indicates greater sensitivity to salinity, compared with Parthenon. Parthenon accumulated more soluble sugars, for osmotic adjustment, whereas Naxos accumulated proline, which gave the two cultivars differing nutritional characteristics. The total glucosinolates (GSLs) content was not affected by salinity in Parthenon while it decreased significantly in Naxos as a consequence of the decrease in the indole GSL. However, Naxos accumulated more aliphatic GSLs under salt stress than Parthenon, which confers on this cultivar a greater nutritional value when cultivated under salinity.These results suggest that, at distinct salinity levels, each broccoli cultivar adopts a specific strategy, indicating the crucial role of the genetic background on the organoleptic and nutritional properties that each cultivar acquires.

Feeding motivation as a personality trait in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): role of serotonergic neurotransmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1547-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia I. M. Silva ◽  
Catarina I. M. Martins ◽  
Erik Höglund ◽  
Hans Magnus Gjøen ◽  
Øyvind Øverli
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Serotonergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ENGLISH EDUCATION AS THE SOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEM IN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Anisah Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
English Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
International Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Compulsory Subject

<p>The problem of social welfare becomes the theme which has been often to be discussed. This paper aims to describe the role of English Education as the solution of society’s welfare problem in Indonesia. English as an international language has become a compulsory subject in every level of education since last two decades. There are many advantages that can be gained by mastering English well, one of them is able to improve someone’s welfare level. One of the roles of English in increasing the Indonesian society’s welfare is English can be a potential provision in conducting entrepreneurship. In the other hand, it will increase their income. Besides, by having a good English mastery can facilitate them in gaining a better job.</p><p> </p>

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