Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
D.I.H. Jones ◽  
C.P. Freeman ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
A.R. Fychan ◽  
Elspeth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
D.I.H. Jones ◽  
C.P. Freeman ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
A.R. Fychan ◽  
Elspeth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

Effects of water-soluble carbohydrate content on silage fermentation of wheat straw

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Yang ◽  
Xiao Fen Wang ◽  
Jian Bin Liu ◽  
Li Juan Gao ◽  
Masaharu Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Herbage yield, leafiness and water-soluble carbohydrate content, and silage composition and utilization in sheep of first- and second-cut Italian and Westerwolds ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Italian ryegrasses, cultivars Barmultra and Lemtal, and Westerwolds ryegrasses, cultivars Barspectra, Merwester and Promenade, (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were harvested as first- and second-cut herbages and compared for yield, leafiness and water-soluble carbohydrate content during the 2-yr study. These herbages were conserved as silages and compared for chemical composition and for intake, digestibility, and total-N retention in sheep. First-cut ryegrass yielded more dry matter than second-cut ryegrass (3.3 vs. 2.6 t ha−1). First-cut ryegrass silages contained less dry matter and NDF, and sheep consumed less, but digested better and retained less total-N in comparison with second-cut ryegrass silage. Italian ryegrasses yielded less dry matter, were more leafy, contained less ADF, and were better digested compared with the Westerwolds ryegrasses. The herbage content of water-soluble-N, and the ratio of ammonium-N to total-N in silage were not different between the ryegrasses. Italian Barmultra was more leafy than Lemtal cultivar but no other significant differences were measured between these cultivars. Westerwolds Merwester yielded more dry matter, was less leafy, contained more NDF and ADF, and had lower voluntary intake, digestibility, and its total-N was less retained in sheep as compared with the Barspectra or Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass. Italian ryegrasses were superior in composition, voluntary intake, and digestibility to Westerwolds, but the latter were superior on the basis of yielding ability and efficiency of total-N utilization in sheep.Key words: Silage, ryegrass, intake, digestion, composition, Nitrogen retention

Effect of defoliation height and redefoliation interval on regrowth and survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in subtropical dairy pastures

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
K. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

A cut plot study was undertaken on the subtropical north coast of New South Wales, Australia, to determine the effect of defoliation height and redefoliation interval on dry matter yield and persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pastures. The pasture was established on 7 April 1998 and plots were irrigated to replace evapotranspiration loss. The study was a completely randomised block design with plots of 2 by 1 m and treatments replicated 3 times. In winter (commencing 13 July) plots were defoliated to 20, 50 or 120 mm stubble height and either not redefoliated or redefoliated at 3, 6 or 3 and 6 days after initial defoliation. In spring (commencing 28 October) plots were redefoliated as for winter but only to 50 mm stubble height. After imposition of the redefoliation treatments, the plots were allowed to regrow until the non-redefoliated treatments had regrown 3 new leaves per tiller (subsequently referred to as a regrowth cycle) and then again defoliated (regrowth cycle 1). Plots cut in winter were then halved with one half (A plots) continuing to be subject to the redefoliation treatment for 4 more regrowth cycles until regrowth cycle 1 in spring was completed on 24 November, while the other half (B plots) were a carryover comparison of redefoliation treatment in regrowth cycle 1. Both A and B plots continued to be subjected to the same defoliation height treatments as imposed in regrowth cycle 1. From 24 November to 30 March 1999, plots were defoliated at 50 mm height each time 3 new leaves per tiller had regrown.Plots defoliated to 20 or 50 mm height during regrowth cycle 1 in winter yielded 21% more dry matter than plots cut to 120 mm height while redefoliation at 6 or 3 and at 6 days produced 14% less dry matter than plots not redefoliated or redefoliated at 3 days. Continued redefoliation at 6 days (comparison within A plots) reduced dry matter yield by 63% compared with no redefoliation or redefoliation at 3 days, but only in plots defoliated to 20 or 50 mm height.Plant density in the autumn (March 1999) of the year after establishment was positively related to defoliation height over regrowth cycles 1–5 of the previous year (35, 55 or 77 plants/m2 for plots defoliated at 20, 50 or 120�mm, respectively). Plant density of plots not redefoliated or redefoliated at 3 days over regrowth cycles 1–5 was 63% higher (70 plants/m2) than for the other treatment combination (43 plants/m2) at P = 0.07 level of significance.Plants cut to 20 or 50 mm stubble height at the commencement of regrowth cycle 1 in winter had a stubble water-soluble carbohydrate content of 5.2%, decreasing to 2.3% at day 6 post-defoliation. The water-soluble carbohydrate content of plants cut to 120 mm were initially higher at 8% and fell to only 6.4% by day 6.The redefoliation treatments imposed in this study were designed to simulate the regrazing of regrowth shoots in an extended grazing bout at various defoliation heights. The results confirm the negative effects of redefoliation, at 6 days in the winter to spring period, on both dry matter yield and plant survival over the subsequent summer in the subtropics. In contrast to winter, redefoliation in late spring had no effect on dry matter yield or plant density. The results also indicate a compromise between the benefits of more lax grazing for persistence and harder grazing for pasture utilisation.

Effects of season, maturity and rate of nitrogen fertilizer on ensilage of Setaria sphacelata

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
VR Catchpoole
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

A study was made of the chemical composition and silage fermentation of Setaria sphacelata CV. Nandi. The grass was ensiled at three periods of the growing season, with two maturities at harvest, and grown with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer. On each harvest day cuts were taken in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. The object was to measure the variation that occurred under field conditions in south-eastern Queensland. The water soluble carbohydrate content of the grass was always below 6 per cent of its dry weight, and the silage had very low contents of lactic acid, high contents of volatile acids and high pH values. Volatile base contents were usually well below 20 per cent of the total nitrogen, showing that degradation of protein was not extensive. By traditional standards of silage quality the S. sphacelata was poorly preserved. On the other hand a degree of preservation was achieved as shown by the moderate amount of protein breakdown and small losses of dry matter and nitrogen during storage. Variation in the extent of fermentation changes, and of losses during ensilage, demonstrated that grass cut at five weeks was more effectively preserved than grass cut at eight weeks. Also, on any one harvest day, grass cut during the morning had lower dry matter contents, and was not as well preserved as cuts made later during the day.

Methane emissions differ between sheep offered a conventional diploid, a high-sugar diploid or a tetraploid perennial ryegrass cultivar at two allowances at three times of the year

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jonker ◽  
G. Molano ◽  
E. Sandoval ◽  
P. S. Taylor ◽  
C. Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sheep

Elevated water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in the diet may affect rumen fermentation and consequently reduce methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of the present study was to determine CH4 emissions from male sheep (8 per treatment) in respiration chambers for 48 h and fed either a conventional diploid (CRG), a high-sugar diploid (HSG) or a tetraploid (TRG) perennial ryegrass cultivar, each offered at 0.7 or 1.0 kg dry matter (DM)/day during periods in early spring 2013 (P1), early autumn 2014 (P2) and late spring 2014 (P3). There was a significant (P < 0.001) interaction between cultivar and period for CH4 yield (g/kg DM intake). In P1 yield was 9% lower (P = 0.007) for sheep fed HSG than for sheep fed CRG or TRG, in P2 yield was 16% lower (P < 0.001) for sheep fed TRG than that for sheep fed CRG or HSG, and in P3 yield was 15% lower (P < 0.001) for sheep fed TRG than that for sheep fed CRG, with HSG-fed sheep being intermediate and not significantly different from either CRG or TRG. Despite there being a cultivar × period interaction, overall, CH4 yield was lower for sheep fed HSG or TRG than for sheep fed CRG (P < 0.001). There were no cultivar × level of feed offer interactions and, overall, yield of CH4 was 9% higher (P = 0.003) for sheep offered 0.7 than for sheep offered 1.0 kg DM/day. In each period, one or other of the high-WSC diploid (HSG) or tetraploid cultivars (TRG) gave lower CH4 yields than did the control diploid (CRG), suggesting that CH4 yield is reduced by characteristics of these cultivars. However, the effect was not consistently associated with either cultivar and could not be attributed to higher forage water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations.

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