Crime prevention and control: Western beliefs vs. traditional legal practices

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (870) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Cottino
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Poor Individual ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis paper raises two main questions. The first concerns the current idea that punishment – conceived as the loss of liberty – has an effect in preventing unlawful behaviour. It can in fact be shown that, in general, sanctions have a poor individual preventive effect. As to general prevention, punishment may be expected to have a deterrent effect when the unlawful behaviour is the result of a rational decision, that is, a decision based on a cost–benefit analysis. However, a wide variety of factors, from group support to situational and systemic factors, may very well counteract the threatening effect of the sanction. The second question concerns the feasibility of non-stigmatizing ways to cope with crime. The few examples borrowed from legal anthropology seem to indicate that viable alternatives exist. But the transfer of a non-Western, indigenous problem-solving process to culturally different contexts is problematic and should be carried out with extreme caution.

scholarly journals Are the benefits of lean rapid process improvement workshops in healthcare worth the investment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
James G. Chan ◽  
Jalil Safaei ◽  
Thomas Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Lean Tools ◽  
And Control

Background: Many organizations have adopted Lean tools to improve healthcare, but few studies adequately evaluate the effectiveness of Lean tools, such as Rapid Process Improvement Workshops (RPIWs).Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of RPIWs conducted in surgical services at two hospital sites from economic and statistical perspectives.Methods: Retrospective data over three years from the two interventions sites were used for a cost-benefit analysis in the form of Return on Investment (ROI). The Interrupted Time Series (ITS) method was used to analyze the trends of selected process measures such as surgical volumes, overtime, and sick time hours during intervention and post-intervention periods at the two sites. Also, comparable data from two control sites were used to statistically compare the trends of some of the process measures between the intervention and control sites.Results: The cumulative effects of the six RPIWs performed at each site were examined. The results did not produce any evidence to indicate that the outcomes justify the investments. The ITS analysis revealed no indication of systematic and sustained change in the pattern of process measures at the intervention sites as a result of RPIWs. Nor did they provide significant or conclusive evidence when comparing the process measures between the intervention and control sites.Conclusions: This study identifies some of the difficulties of empirically calculating the ROI of RPIWs, and provides evidence that any realized benefits due to RPIWs implemented in two hospitals were not worth the investment. Such a result may lead us to challenge any unfounded claims of high monetary benefits from Lean tools or similar quality improvement initiatives.

Identifying and Weighting Factors Effecting Work in a Mechanized Office Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 794-797
Author(s):  
Henry E. Bender ◽  
Vincent Conte ◽  
Richard Bannecker
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
And Control

Decision making concerning the allocation of and distribution of funds in highly automated or computerized offices is often biased by the orientation of the decision maker, and the previous cost benefit analysis of the “system” implementation study. In such an environment, costs are often allocated to hardware or software enhancements, without regard to other factors potentially influencing worker productivity or efficiency. The present study addressed the problem of developing a methodology that would allow for the most expansive listing of factors influencing worker productivity or efficiency. The method used allowed for the greatest amount of input from subject matter experts as well as from system users. The data gathering method is described that facilitated the development of a questionnaire method implemented in a work environment of a major inventory and control system office. The data analysis indicates the functionality of the method, and its usability in a vast number of environments.

Cost-benefit analysis of China’s Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hongqiang Jiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guoxia Ma ◽  
Yanchao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Análisis de control de inventarios en la microempresa Muelles Melecio

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Olvera-Montoya ◽  
Marcela Espinosa-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Control ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Single Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Analysis

The administration of an inventory implies saying how much material is needed and when to place orders, receive, store and keep the record, since the main objective is to keep costs low and keep enough finished products for sales. The inventory represents one of the most important investments of the companies in relation to the rest of their assets, since they are fundamental for the sales and indispensable for the optimization of the utilities. The research "Analysis of inventory control in the Muelles Melecio microenterprise" is intended to analyze the management of inventories in the Mulles Melecio microenterprise. To know the procedures used by the organization, the application of the instrument is carried out, consisting of questions related to inventory management and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. and finally the descriptive analysis of inventory control in the microenterprise. The type of research that follows this project is non-experimental and descriptive. The design that will be used corresponds to the transectional, consisting of collecting data in a single moment, in a single time. Its purpose is to obtain an analysis of the management and control of the inventory at the Muelles Melecio microenterprise.

scholarly journals Disease Control through Voluntary Vaccination Decisions Based on the Smoothed Best Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xu ◽  
Ross Cressman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Incidence Rate ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Disease Free

We investigate game-theory based decisions on vaccination uptake and its effects on the spread of an epidemic with nonlinear incidence rate. It is assumed that each individual’s decision approximates his/her best response (called smoothed best response) in that this person chooses to take the vaccine based on its cost-benefit analysis. The basic reproduction number of the resultant epidemic model is calculated and used to characterize the existence and stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria of the model. The effects on the spread and control of the epidemic are revealed in terms of the sensitivity of the response to changes in costs and benefits, in the “cost” of the vaccination, and in the proportion of susceptible individuals who are faced with the decision of whether or not to be vaccinated per unit time. The effects of the best response decision rule are also analyzed and compared to those of the smoothed best response. Our study shows that, when there is a perceived cost to take the vaccine, the smoothed best response is more effective in controlling the epidemic. However, when this cost is 0, the best response is the more efficient control.

scholarly journals The use of a QTVR image database for teaching veterinary radiology and diagnostic ultrasound to distance education students

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Phillips ◽  
Romana Pospisil ◽  
Jennifer L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Problem Solving Process

The result of the project described in this paper is an innovative use of Quicktime Virtual Reality (QTVR) for display and manipulation of veterinary radiographs and ultrasound images, within a database developed for use in the Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging unit of the Master of Veterinary Studies at Murdoch University. One of the aims of this project was to find an alternative for the bulky sets of radiographs used by external students for their case based coursework and assessment activities. The QTVR solution provides a means by which students can move and zoom within images, resize images and compare images side by side. QTVR also allows important areas of images to be highlighted by hotspots, allowing annotation of images, which is helpful for assisting external students. Some of the priorities of this project were to maintain the detail and the depth of the hard copy radiographs in the QTVR images, to simulate the problem solving process used in reading radiographs, and to improve the learning outcomes by highlighting and annotating important areas of images. It was hoped that this solution would provide a more cost effective and convenient method of delivery of large numbers of images to external students. In the subsequent cost benefit analysis, it was found that the innovation described here offers many economic advantages to the School of Veterinary Clinical Science.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of intervention policies for prevention and control of brucellosis in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0006488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir B. Singh ◽  
Polychronis Kostoulas ◽  
Jatinder P. S. Gill ◽  
Navneet K. Dhand
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Control and communication of renewable energy based smart grid: an overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
S Surender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Smart Grid (SG) involves complex controls and communications. These controls include both the local as well as global controls. SG in-volves a two-way communication system at each stage and that is one of the advantages over the conventional utility grid. However, due to this two-way communications, the issues such as complexity, data gathering and management, etc, are introduced into the SG system. Therefore, this new grid requires a more complex and control operation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate various control systems, communication technologies, and real time measurement tools that are involved in the SG. This paper also performs the cost benefit analysis (CBA) of the control and communication schemes involved in the SG. The paper evaluates the latest tools for control and communications that are available, and it also evaluates the issues and challenges relative to it.  

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