scholarly journals The association between the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters and personality traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delvecchio ◽  
M. Bellani ◽  
A. C. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
The Impact

Evidence from previous studies has reported that complex traits, including psychiatric disorders, are moderately to highly heritable. Moreover, it has also been shown that specific personality traits may increase the risk to develop mental illnesses. Therefore the focus of the research shifted towards the identification of the biological mechanisms underpinning these traits by exploring the effects of a constellation of genetic polymorphisms in healthy subjects. Indeed, studying the effect of genetic variants in normal personality provides a unique means for identifying candidate genes which may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the impact of two of the most frequently studied genetic polymorphisms on personality in healthy subjects, the 5-HTT polymorphism of the serotonin transporter and the DRD2/DRD4 polymorphisms of the D2/D4 dopamine's receptors. The main aims are: (a) to highlight that the study of candidate genes provides a fruitful ground for the identification of the biological underpinnings of personality without, though, reaching a general consensus about the strength of this relationship; and (b) to outline that the research in personality genetics should be expanded to provide a clearer picture of the heritability of personality traits.

Genetic variation in the schizophrenia-risk gene neuregulin1 correlates with personality traits in healthy individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Krug ◽  
Valentin Markov ◽  
Dirk Leube ◽  
Klaus Zerres ◽  
Thomas Eggermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in personality traits have long been acknowledged as potential risk factors in developing psychiatric disorders. Lately, several susceptibility genes of different psychiatric disorders have been linked to personality traits. This has not been done for schizophrenia yet. Neuregulin1 has been repeatedly shown to be associated with schizophrenia and is involved in numerous neurodevelopmental functions such as neuronal migration and myelination. The impact of this gene might also modulate personality traits in healthy subjects.MethodsThe NRG1 status of 523 healthy subjects was determined with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP8NRG221533) which has been described as a tagging marker being part of the core at-risk haplotype for schizophrenia. Genotype was correlated with personality traits using the NEO-FFI questionnaire.ResultsSubjects with the NRG1 risk allele scored higher on neuroticism (p <.05) and lower on conscientiousness (p <.05). Further, interactions of genotype by gender for extraversion (p <.05), openness (p <.05) and conscientiousness (p <.05) were found with men carrying the risk allele scoring the lowest.ConclusionsThe data indicate that the NRG1 gene which has found to be associated with schizophrenia may also influence personality differences in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Racism, racial life events and mental ill health

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

The association of life events with the onset of various psychiatric disorders is well-known. The body of evidence has highlighted the impact of negative or positive life events on the genesis of common mental disorders, especially depression. These findings have been replicated across different cultures, although the impact of different life events varies between cultures. In addition, the roles of chronic difficulties (defined in Life events and psychiatric disorders, below) and resulting ongoing chronic stress have been shown to contribute to vulnerability to certain mental illnesses. However, data on the impact of life events, especially those perceived as racial, on members of minority ethnic groups are rather sparse. The questions that need to be addressed concern the perception of life events as racial, the role of pervasive and perceived institutional and individual racism, and chronic difficulties.

scholarly journals Recent advances in genetic predisposition to clinical acute lung injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. L713-L725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Kathleen C. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
The Impact

It has been well established that acute lung injury (ALI), and the more severe presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), constitute complex traits characterized by a multigenic and multifactorial etiology. Identification and validation of genetic variants contributing to disease susceptibility and severity has been hampered by the profound heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype and the role of environmental factors, which includes treatment, on outcome. The critical nature of ALI and ARDS, compounded by the impact of phenotypic heterogeneity, has rendered the amassing of sufficiently powered studies especially challenging. Nevertheless, progress has been made in the identification of genetic variants in select candidate genes, which has enhanced our understanding of the specific pathways involved in disease manifestation. Identification of novel candidate genes for which genetic association studies have confirmed a role in disease has been greatly aided by the powerful tool of high-throughput expression profiling. This article will review these studies to date, summarizing candidate genes associated with ALI and ARDS, acknowledging those that have been replicated in independent populations, with a special focus on the specific pathways for which candidate genes identified so far can be clustered.

EPA-1307 - Associations between genetic polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. Signorelli ◽  
R. Calati ◽  
J. McMurray ◽  
D. Comings ◽  
E. Aguglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Healthy Subjects

scholarly journals Multiple selection signatures in farmed Atlantic salmon adapted to different environments across Hemispheres

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. López ◽  
T. Linderoth ◽  
A. Norris ◽  
J.P. Lhorente ◽  
R. Neira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Extended Haplotype ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genomic Regions

1.ABSTRACTDomestication of Atlantic salmon started approximately forty years ago, using both artificial and natural selection strategies. Such selection methods are likely to have imposed distinctive selection signatures on the salmon genome. Therefore, identifying differences in selection signatures may give insights into the mechanism of selection and candidate genes of biological and productive interest. Here, we used two complementary haplotype-based statistics, the within-population integrated Haplotype Score test (|iHS|) and the cross-population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity test (XP-EHH) to compare selection signatures in four populations of Atlantic salmon with a common genetic origin. Using |iHS| we found 24, 14, 16 and 26 genomic regions under selection in Pop-A, Pop-B, Pop-C, and Pop-D, respectively. While using the XP-EHH test we identified 27, 25 and 15 potential selection regions in Pop-A/Pop-B, Pop-A/Pop-C and Pop-A/Pop-D, respectively. These genomic regions harbor important genes such igf1r and sh3rf1 which have been associated with growth related traits in other species. Our results contribute to the detection of candidate genes of interest and help to understand the evolutionary and biological mechanisms for controlling complex traits under selection in Atlantic salmon.

Does consanguinity increase the risk of mental illnesses? A population based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S512-S512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of consanguinity on risk for mental disorders especially in primary health care-PHC settings. It was decided to ascertain prevalence of common mental disorders and consanguinity. We set out to study the burden of commonest psychiatric disorders among consanguineous marriages at PHC using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) and examine their symptom patterns and co-morbidity in Qatar. A prospective cross sectional study was carried out over a year between November 2011 to October 2012. A total of 2.000 Qatari subjects aged 18 to 65 years were approached; 1.475 (73.3%) gave consent and participated in this study. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, version 3.0) showed that six most common disorders were major depression disorders (18.3%), any impulse control condition (18.3%), any anxiety disorders (17.2%), any mood disorders (16.9%), followed by separation anxiety disorders (15.2%), personality disorder (14.1%). The mean age ± SD of the 1.475 subjects interviewed was 39.3 ± 9.8 years. The rate of consanguinity in the present generation was 31.5% [95% CI = 29.1–33.7]. There were statistically significant differences between consanguineous and non-consanguineous with regards to age, educational status, occupation status, household income as well as BMI, cigarette smoking and sheesha smoking. One-fifth of all adults who attended the PHC center 20% had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The prevalence of the generalized anxiety disorders; social phobia, specific phobia, major depression, and personality disorders were significantly higher in consanguineous marriages than in non-consanguineous.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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