scholarly journals The Composition and Transmission of the Homeric Poems: A Summary

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Jerome Moran
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epic Poems

If the modern oral hypothesis, beginning in the 1920s (see 17 below), about the composition of early Greek epic poetry is correct (a ‘paradigm shift’ in Homeric studies according to Casey Dué), there were many poets who over centuries, beginning perhaps in the middle-to-late Bronze Age, composed in performance many different versions of epic poems, including poems about the Trojan War, and including the subject matter of the Iliad and the Odyssey, vestiges of which survive on papyrus fragments and in the manuscripts of later authors. But the versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey that we have were not the work of many poets but, for the most part, of a single poet. The overall unity of the poems cannot be explained, or explained away, by any theory that posits multiple, successive authorship spanning many years.

The Trojan Horse in Classical Art

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Sparkes
Keyword(s):  
Great Proportion ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epic Poems ◽  
The Bronze Age

The Trojan War has been perennially interesting, whether study centres on works of imaginative literature such as the epic poems of Homer and Virgil, the historical situation which provided the subject for those poems, the Bronze Age world of Troy and Mycenae which formed a background to the war, or the post-classical reworking of the material in the medieval Troy romances, Shakespeare, or Giraudoux. As well as supplying writers with incidents and episodes, the story of the war has given to artists a seemingly inexhaustible supply of themes on which their fancy feeds. A great proportion of Greek and Roman art can be connected with legends that stem from the Trojan War, and the whole complex of myths and history has proved a potent source for later artists. The theme chosen here is that of the Trojan Horse, and we shall look at some ways in which artists in antiquity viewed the incident.

The antiquity of the Greek epic tradition: some new evidence

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Bronze Age

Since the decipherment of Linear B a number of scholars have argued, on the basis of supposed Mycenaean survivals in the Homeric poems, that the Greek legendary poetic tradition ran continuously from the Bronze Age through the Dark Age down to the singers of the Ionian towns in the ninth and eighth centuries. However, the directness of the connection between the narrative poetry of the Mycenaean Age, if indeed such existed, and the subsequent development of the Epic in Greece has been called into question. Thus Shipp, for example, has argued that most of the items listed by Chadwick in his article Mycenaean elements in the Homeric dialect in fact left their mark for a time at least on forms of Greek other than that of the Epic, and so could well have entered this tradition in post-Mycenaean times and in some other way than through a direct poetical current from the Bronze Age. A similar conclusion has been reached by Kirk, who has expressed his views forcefully in a series of publications. Consider the following:The two objective criteria for dating elements within the Homeric poems, namely archaeology and language, require careful handling and reveal less than is generally claimed for them. They enable certain elements to be recognized as having existed as early as the late Bronze Age, but do not necessarily prove that these all passed into the Ionian Epic tradition by the medium of late Bronze Age poetry.

A Mycenaean sword from Boğazköy–Hattusa found in 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
O. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Western Asia

This paper deals with a bronze sword found during repair work on a road close to the Hittite capital of Hattusas in central Anatolia. It carries an Akkadian inscription stating that it was taken as booty by the Hittite king Tuthaliyas II during his campaign in the Assuwa country of western Asia Minor, c.1430 BC. The content of the inscription may be evidence of Ahhiyawan-Mycenaean Greek warfare in western Asia Minor in the Late Bronze Age, and/or of a historical background for the Trojan war.

Some Remarks on Patronage in Syria-Palestine During the Late Bronze Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Pfoh
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Kinship Ties

AbstractFollowing the discussion presented in an article by R. Westbrook on patronage in the ancient Near East (JESHO 48/2, 2005), the aim of this paper is to continue with the discussion as well as to address some of the views on the topic regarding Syria-Palestine during the Late Bronze Age, using examples from the Amarna letters and Hittite treaties. Some of the critical questions that should be addressed in further discussions on the subject are related to the socio-political nature of patronage and its relationship to kinship ties in society, and why and how patronage relationships are established in society. Après l'étude du R. Westbrook sur l'évidence du patronage dans le Proche-Orient ancien, publié dans ce journal (JESHO 48/2, 2005), on veut continuer avec la discussion du thème mais donner aussi quelques révisions pour la Syrie-Palestine du l'âge du Bronce Récent à partir de exemples dans les lettres d'Amarna et les traités hittites. Questions fondamentales qu'on doit traiter sont: la nature socio-politique du patronage et son rapport avec la parenté dans la société; et pourquoi et comment les liens de patronage sont établis dans la société.

Petrological Examination of Coarse-ware Stirrup-jars from Mycenae

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coarse Wares

Elemental analysis of coarse-ware stirrup-jars from Thebes provided the first objective evidence for the movement of coarse wares in the Late Bronze Age Aegean. While the evidence of the optical emission spectrometry analysis indicates that stirrup-jars occur in several fabrics, the assignation of these fabrics to specific sources has been the subject of some debate, summarized and discussed in the light of fresh evidence by Catling and Jones but continued by McArthur.It was to cast more light on the general questions that a large sample of stirrup-jars from Mycenae was analysed by petrological analysis. This method of analysis involves the identification of the rocks and minerals within the clay and relates them to geological sources most compatible with the archaeological evidence. Recent discussions of the method include Courtois, Peacock, and de Paepe.With considerable help and collaboration from Dr. E. French and Lord William Taylour, and permission from the Greek Department of Antiquities, 37 samples were taken from stirrup jars from the House of the Wine Merchants (= HWM; dated LH IIIA/B), 25 from the House of the Oil Merchants (= HOM; dated to the end of LH IIIB1), and ten samples from stoppers found in the stirrup jars in the House of the Oil Merchants. The aim was to define the fabrics petrologically in order to relate these to the typology proposed by Haskell (this volume), and to suggest possible origins for them based on geological evidence.

Late Bronze Age Writing-Boards and their Uses: textual evidence from Anatolia and Syria

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Symington
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Subject

It has been known from textual sources for some time that besides clay tablets, the traditional writing material in the Ancient Near East, wooden writing-boards were also used by the scribes.M. San Nicolò first drew attention to the fact that writing-boards were widely employed in temple and palace administration in Mesopotamia in the first millennium B.C. and the textual evidence gathered by him was soon to be confirmed archaeologically by the discovery of several such writing-boards at Nimrud. Equally, the existence of wooden writing material in Hittite context has long been established, but no example has ever been found. It is generally thought that private and economic records which are almost totally lacking in the archives at Boǧazköy must have been written on perishable material.The elusive nature of wooden writing-boards manifests itself not only archaeologically by the unlikelihood of their survival but also by the fact that, as a rule, they deserved little mention in the cuneiform texts. Consequently, the quantity of wooden writing material that may have been in use and did not survive is impossible to gauge. Similarly, it would be unwarranted to deduce that centres whose archives have not contributed to the subject, were unfamiliar with writing on wood.

scholarly journals Corneşti-Iarcuri — a Bronze Age town in the Romanian Banat?

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 819-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Szentmiklosi ◽  
Bernhard S. Heeb ◽  
Julia Heeb ◽  
Anthony Harding ◽  
Rüdiger Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
The Subject

A massive Late Bronze Age fortified settlement in Central Europe has been the subject of a new and exemplary investigation by excavation and site survey. This prehistoric enclosure, nearly 6km across, had a complex development, dense occupation and signs of destruction by fire. It can hardly be other than a capital city playing a role in the determinant struggles of its day — weighty and far reaching events of the European continent now being chronicled by archaeology.

scholarly journals São Julião da Branca (Albergaria-a-Velha) - Investigação e valorização de um povoado do Bronze Final

2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1081
Author(s):  
António Manuel S. P. Silva ◽  
Paulo A. P. Lemos ◽  
Sara Almeida e Silva ◽  
Edite Martins de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coastal Platform

The archaeological site of São Julião is a Late Bronze Age settlement, located on the coastal platform between Douro and Vouga rivers, which has been the subject of systematic research projects since 2014. Its most striking structures are the stone wall that delimited the enclosure and a megalithic mound, violated or reused in modern or contemporary times. The archaeological collection includes a significant set of ceramics, objects in stone and metals, with emphasis on a pair of gold earrings, perhaps related to the evidence of metallurgy that is observed in the place. Currently, a site’s archeological conservation and enhancement program is underway, with the support of the Municipality.

scholarly journals An AMS dated late Bronze Age grave from the mound necropolis at Paulje

Starinar ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Rada Gligoric ◽  
Vojislav Filipovic ◽  
Aleksandar Bulatovic
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the paper is a closed entity - an incineration grave from northwest Serbia, dated to the developed Bronze Age, with an absolute date obtained by AMS (Accelerator mass spectrometry). The sample was taken from the wooden support on which the urn with the bones of the deceased and bronze jewellery was placed. The date obtained corresponds to the 14th century B.C. and confirms earlier proposed suppositions concerning the chronological determination of the necropolises from the territory of Jadar, Podgorina and Lower Podrinje.

scholarly journals ANJAKAN PARADIGMA WAQAF BERASASKAN PRINSIP MASLAHAH AL-MURSALAH (PARADIGM SHIFT IN WAQF BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF MASLAHAH AL-MURSALAH)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Huefiros Efizi Husain ◽  
Mohd Nasir Abd Majid ◽  
Muneer Ali Abdul Rab
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surplus Sharing ◽  
The Subject

Relationship among Muslims since the time of Adam a.s., there is contained all the admirable values that can be applied today. Disclosure of such values includes properties helping to ease the burden of the Muslim’s region. Not only energy aid or grant of land, even from a financial point of also highly expected. Waqf is a way to break the impasse in the considerable challenge to the demands and needs of the various categories of property surplus sharing mechanism with the purpose of the public good. The distribution is given to strengthen the Muslim’s relationship and the smooth running of daily life. Therefore, this study will describe the practice of waqf in line with technology and the development of the country in nurturing tolerance community. The objective of this study dismantling the waqf practices based on transformation of Maslahah al-Mursalah. Next explained Maslahah al-Mursalah establishment and implementation of the subject matter. The methodology of study used qualitative methods to achieve the objectives of the study involving literature methods. The results showed clearly Maslahah al-Mursalah applied in practice transformation endowment contract as today.

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