Consensus on Constraints in Marital Satisfaction Among Married People in African Context

Marriage is considered as the most important social institution and symbol of adulthood in Africa. However, the trend of divorce has increased alarmingly in recent years. We explored the constraints towards marital satisfaction by using the Delphi technique with assumptions that couples are the experts on their marriages. Participant’s panel included married heterosexual couples divided into two groups: men and women couple’s panels. The group of women’s panel included 31 participants and men’s panel contained 25 males. Then in the final stage, both groups provided their views and discussed on the possible solutions to the identified constraints. Five major themes emerged: satisfaction in sexuality among couples, difficulties in communication, economic and financial conflicts, the role of extended families, and opportunity for behavioural change to achieve marital satisfaction. Our findings support the hypothesis that satisfaction with sexual intercourse, respectful communication, financial stability and careful handling of relatives influence marital satisfaction.

Orthopaedic surgery

This chapter examines orthopaedic surgery. It begins by detailing the examination of a joint and of the limbs and trunk. The chapter then discusses fracture healing and the reduction and fixation of fractures. Fracture healing occurs as either primary or secondary bone union. Primary bone healing does not produce callus, while secondary bone healing does. Modern fracture reduction and treatment centres around four key principles: fracture reduction and fixation to restore anatomical relationships; stability by fixation or splintage as the personality of the fracture and the injury dictates; preservation of the blood supply to the soft tissue and bone by careful handling and gentle reduction techniques; and early and safe mobilization of the part and patient. Finally, the chapter looks at the skeletal radiograph and considers injuries of the phalanges and metacarpals; wrist injuries; dislocations and fractures of the elbow, shoulders, ribs, pelvis, and neck; spinal injuries; bone tumours; osteoarthrosis (osteoarthritis); Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans); and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Magnetic Helicity Estimations in Models and Observations of the Solar Magnetic Field. IV. Application to Solar Observations

In this ISSI-supported series of studies on magnetic helicity in the Sun, we systematically implement different magnetic helicity calculation methods on high-quality solar magnetogram observations. We apply finite-volume, discrete flux tube (in particular, connectivity-based) and flux-integration methods to data from Hinode’s Solar Optical Telescope. The target is NOAA Active Region 10930 during a 1.5-day interval in 2006 December that included a major eruptive flare (SOL2006-12-13T02:14X3.4). Finite-volume and connectivity-based methods yield instantaneous budgets of the coronal magnetic helicity, while the flux-integration methods allow an estimate of the accumulated helicity injected through the photosphere. The objectives of our work are twofold: a cross-validation of methods, as well as an interpretation of the complex events leading to the eruption. To the first objective, we find (i) strong agreement among the finite-volume methods, (ii) a moderate agreement between the connectivity-based and finite-volume methods, (iii) an excellent agreement between the flux-integration methods, and (iv) an overall agreement between finite-volume- and flux-integration-based estimates regarding the predominant sign and magnitude of the helicity. To the second objective, we are confident that the photospheric helicity flux significantly contributed to the coronal helicity budget and that a right-handed structure erupted from a predominantly left-handed corona during the X-class flare. Overall, we find that the use of different methods to estimate the (accumulated) coronal helicity may be necessary in order to draw a complete picture of an active region corona, given the careful handling of identified data (preparation) issues, which otherwise would mislead the event analysis and interpretation.

Hydrolysis of 5-methylfuran-2-yl to 2,5-dioxopentanyl allows for stable bio-orthogonal proximity-induced ligation

Ligation methodologies featuring bio-orthogonal units and leading to the formation of a stable adduct are the ideal candidates for being applied in a biological context. However, most of the available strategies rely on highly reactive species that require careful handling, or on the activation of pro-reactive functional groups. We here report on a proximity-induced ligation reaction that relies on a stable 2,5-dione, that can be conveniently generated under acidic conditions from a 2,5-dialkylfuran building block, and hydrazine nucleophiles. This bio-orthogonal ligation, which proceeds under physiological conditions, does not require any stimulus or trigger and leads to the formation of a pyridazinium adduct that demonstrates excellent stability under harsh conditions (24 h at 90 °C). The reaction was applied to the formation of PNA-PNA adducts, DNA- and RNA-templated ligations, and for the formation of peptide-peptide adducts in solution. This convenient methodology was further implemented on plastic and glass surfaces to realize self-addressable covalent constructs.

Stress calculation on bevel gears with FEM influence vectors

In order to be able to carry out an optimal gear design with the aim of cost reduction and the careful handling of resources, load capacity is an important criterion for the evaluation of a gear. For the calculation of the flank and root load capacity, a precise loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) is necessary. With LTCA software like BECAL, influence numbers are used to calculate the deformation of the gear. These influence numbers are calculated with a BEM-module and considered for calculating the local root stress. This method simplifies the coupling stiffness in tooth width direction with a decay function and neglects the influence of local differences in tooth stiffness. In this publication, this simplification shall be questioned and evaluated.Therefore, a new method for calculating stress with FEM influence vectors is presented. This method enables the calculation of full stress tensors at any desired location in the gear with the efficiency of the influence number method. Additionally, the influence of local stiffness variations in the gear is taken into account. Various gear examples show the influence of material connections at the pinion root and the influence of the rim thickness of a wheel on the root stress. To validate the accuracy and the time efficiency of the new calculation method and to compare the results to current state-of-the-art simulations, a well-documented series of tests from the literature is recalculated and evaluated.

Metaphorical Perception of Kazan Through the Prism of the Tatar Gastronomic Culture

The relevance of the research topic is due to the interest in urban space and its cultural and symbolic meaning. The city, perceived as a text, helps in interpreting to understand its specifics and represent it at different levels, which increases, among other things, its tourist attractiveness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the metaphor of Kazan-a woman through the prism of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. Materials and Methods of Research. The methodological basis of the research consists of the cosmosophical ideas of G. D. Gachev, as well as the books of K. F. Fuchs, K. Nasyri, F. Ibragimova, S. Lutfullina, in which there are characteristics of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. In the original metaphor, analyzed from the point of view of G. D. Gachev’s cosmosophy, where Kazan represents the Cosmos, and a woman represents Psyche, a missing link is found – the Logos. It is this link that, while remaining an open structure, accommodates various spheres of manifestation of the national mind in the field of culture and art, which helps to identify the feminine qualities of the city when interpreting the metaphor. Results. A stable association associated with Kazan is its Tatar national cuisine. This is no coincidence. The very history of the city according to some extant legends and legends is associated with the cauldron, which is a mandatory attribute of the cuisine. Despite the primacy of the man in the family, the mistress of the kitchen is a woman. It is on her that a huge number of duties are assigned to prepare food and create a spiritual atmosphere during the meal. Gastronomic culture, acting as a Logo, allows us to identify such qualities of Kazan, interpreted as an image of a woman-hostess, as hospitality, cordiality, respect, sensitivity, creativity, rationalism, skillful and careful handling of products. Discussion and conclusion. Clarification of the meaning of the Kazan-woman metaphor requires further study. At the same time, other spheres of culture and various texts of art can act as Logos.

Algorithms for contactless scanning of book monuments

The article is devoted to the questions of cultural heritage preservation by creating the digital collection of book monuments. The original documents are monuments of book culture and their dilapidated state requires careful handling, splitting of documents for scanning is extremely undesirable. The market does not present the equipment for contactless scanning of books without embroidering, therefore an algorithm that allows digitalizing book monuments in a contactless way has been developed. The technique has been constructed using an algorithm based on the projection of the light grid on the object scanned. The authors propose a sequence of actions consisting of image processing and comparing the results between two images. The first snapshot determines the initial parameters of the grid; the second snapshot determines the actual distortion of the test snapshot. Subsequent mathematical processing allows getting scanned images without absence of geometric distortions of the scanned page due to the system of using the two-dimensional array of corrections. The application of the system has been modeled on the example of «The legend of the destruction of Siberian cities of Tara and Tyumen by the lesser Tatars / / Collection of moral stories, words, lives and other articles [hand.]». The evaluation parameters of the simulation result have been the following: text distinctness, absence of geometric distortions, color quality, uniformity of document scanning quality within a single book, etc., as checked and recognized as high by the experts.The experience described opens possibilities of book monuments digitization using the new algorithm. The development of the system is aimed at expanding the database of objects of material culture to be digitized, perfecting the software, improving the quality of digital images, as well as the capabilities of image recognition and search for the document itself and information it contains.

INTERGRANULAR CORROSION AND DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION BEHAVIOUR IN MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Material mechanical behavior is critical for both safety and economic considerations. Because engineering items are manufactured using appropriate grade materials, mechanical approval of the materials used must be completed before assembly. Petrochemicals, marine, and biomaterials are just a few of the industries that use stainless steel. Despite its extensive use, structural failure is still frequently caused by inadequate stainless steel type selection. As a result, dangerous conditions, resulting in personal harm or financial loss. Dangerous conditions is might result in accidents, resulting in personal injury or financial loss. Martensite stainless steel is a type of stainless steel with a high strength value but is brittle, necessitating careful handling. Intergranular corrosion, sensitization, tempering heat treatment, and the Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) are topics still working on Martensite stainless steel for researchers.

Evaluation of Chip Formation Mechanisms in the Turning of Sintered ZnO Electro-Ceramics

The sintered zinc oxide (ZnO) electro-ceramics are a brittle class of hard-to-cut materials such that shaping them with the post-finishing operations necessitates careful handling and precision machining. The conventional machining approach using the grinding and lapping processes represents limited productivity, an inability to produce the required geometries and frequent uncontrolled chipping of the edges of the final products. This study thus investigates the turning performance of dense sintered ZnO varistors and chip formations to obtain the parametric range (cutting mechanism) which causes the chipping or the trans-granular/sudden failure in these brittle materials. With the analysis of the cutting tool vibration in relation to the machining parameters (f and VC), the vibration-induced chipping correlations are made and interlinked with the occurrence of grain pull-out during the turning operation. The results show that the reflected vibratory motion of the tools is directly correlated with the chip formation mechanisms in the turning of ZnO ceramics and thus provide robust measurements for quality assurance in final products.

Exposure to cisplatin in the operating room during hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy

Purpose Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITOC) is an additive, intraoperative treatment for selected malignant pleural tumors. To improve local tumor control, the thoracic cavity is perfused with a cisplatin-containing solution after surgical cytoreduction. Since cisplatin is probably carcinogenic to humans, potential contamination of surfaces and pathways of exposure should be systematically investigated to enable risk assessments for medical staff and thus derive specific recommendations for occupational safety. Methods Wipe sampling was performed at pre-selected locations during and after ten HITOC procedures, including on the surgeon's gloves, for the quantitation of surface contaminations with cisplatin. After extraction of the samples with hydrochloric acid, platinum was determined as a marker for cisplatin by voltammetry. Results High median concentrations of cytostatic drugs were detected on the surgeons’ (1.73 pg Cis-Pt/cm2, IQR: 9.36 pg Cis-Pt/cm2) and perfusionists’ (0.69 pg Cis-Pt/cm2, IQR: 1.73 pg Cis-Pt/cm2) gloves. The display of the perfusion device showed partially elevated levels of cisplatin up to 4.92 pg Cis-Pt/cm2 and thus could represent an origin of cross-contamination. In contrast, cisplatin levels on the floor surfaces in the area of the surgeon and the perfusion device or in the endobronchial tube were relatively low. Conclusion With a correct use of personal protective equipment and careful handling, intraoperative HITOC appears to be safe to perform with a low risk of occupational exposure to cisplatin.