Fossil Invertebrate and Microfossil Collections: Kinds, Uses, Users

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Nigel C. Hughes ◽  
Frederick J. Collier ◽  
Joanne Kluessendorf ◽  
Jere H. Lipps ◽  
Wendy L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Documentation Quality ◽  
Invertebrate Paleontology ◽  
National Science ◽  
Invertebrate Fossils ◽  
Collections Care

INVERTEBRATE and micro-fossil collections vary in size, scope, degree of documentation, quality of curation, purpose, usage, and security. This chapter introduces the main categories of fossil collections and curatorial attention, and documents the sources and uses of invertebrate paleontological materials. The term ‘permanent collection’ is used to describe collections housed in professional collections-care institutions that provide long-term commitment to collection security and curation. Invertebrate fossils include the hardparts (spicules, shells, etc., other body fossils [e.g., impressions, casts, and molds]), tracks, trails, and burrows attributed to invertebrates, and organic molecules. Microfossils, included here for convenience only, include the same kinds of remains of prokaryotes, protists, and tiny invertebrates. This book is the product of an National Science Foundation funded workshop organized to address specific concerns about curatorial practices in invertebrate paleontology. For this reason the focus of this chapter is on invertebrate fossils. Nevertheless, the concepts and uses of collections described below apply directly to paleobotanic specimens, and to most vertebrate fossils.

The Promise and Challenge of Archaeological Data Integration

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Kintigh
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
National Science ◽  
Disparate Data ◽  
Legacy Data

This forum reports the results of a National Science Foundation—funded workshop that focused on the integration and preservation of digital databases and other structured data derived from archaeological contexts. The workshop concluded that for archaeology to achieve its potential to advance long-term, scientific understandings of human history, there is a pressing need for an archaeological information infrastructure that will allow us to archive, access, integrate, and mine disparate data sets. This report provides an assessment of the informatics needs of archaeology, articulates an ambitious vision for a distributed disciplinary information infrastructure (cyberinfrastructure), discusses the challenges posed by its development, and outlines initial steps toward its realization. Finally, it argues that such a cyberinfrastructure has enormous potential to contribute to anthropology and science more generally. Concept-oriented archaeological data integration will enable the use of existing data to answer compelling new questions and permit syntheses of archaeological data that rely not on other investigators' conclusions but on analyses of meaningfully integrated new and legacy data sets.

scholarly journals What does Congress want from the National Science Foundation? A content analysis of remarks from 1995 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. eaaz6300
Author(s):  
A. Lupia ◽  
S. Soroka ◽  
A. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Education Technology ◽  
Congressional Record ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
National Science ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The U.S. Congress writes the legislation that funds the National Science Foundation (NSF). Researchers who seek NSF support may benefit by understanding how Congress views the agency. To this end, we use text analysis to examine every statement in the Congressional Record made by any member of Congress about the NSF over a 22-year period. While we find broad bipartisan support for the NSF, there are notable changes over time. Republicans have become more likely to express concerns about accountability in how the NSF spends its funds. Democrats are more likely to focus on how NSF-funded activities affect education, technology, and students. We use these findings to articulate how researchers and scientific organizations can more effectively conduct transformative science that corresponds to long-term and broadly held Congressional priorities.

Summer institutes in mathematics and mathematics-science

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Host Institution ◽  
Quality Of Instruction ◽  
National Science ◽  
And Mathematics

The National Science Foundation has provided $711,500 to support twenty-one summer institutes in 1962 for 700 elementary teachers, supervisors, and principals. Primary emphasis in the institutes will be devoted to improving the quality of instruction in mathematics and in science in the elementary school. Information and application blanks may be obtained only from the host institution. The completed application blanks must be postmarked no later than March 15, 1962, to assure consideration.

scholarly journals Fire and Landscape Dyamics in Yellowstone National Park

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
William Romme ◽  
Don Despain
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Patch Dynamics ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
National Science

This study is an investigation of long-term patch dynamics in the mosasic of forest communities covering the subalpine plateaus of Yellowstone National Park. The study is being supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. BSR - 8408181). Our specific objectives were rummarized in the 1985 Annual Report.

Reflections on Long-Term Ecological Research from National Science Foundation Program Directors’ Perspectives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Gholz ◽  
Roberta Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
National Science ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Program Involvement

Evolution of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has required highly motivated leadership in both the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the science community. It has also benefited from inspired leaders in other agencies. Core research areas enable comparative study across highly diverse field sites. The LTER program promotes integrative ecological research and is an important model for other environmental research programs. New observational capabilities and emerging networks will change the operating environment for the LTER program in unforeseen ways. The conceptualization and implementation of the LTER program that began in the mid-1970s have depended on the dedicated guidance and input from a large number of individuals within NSF management, within other agencies (particularly the US Forest Service), and in the science and education communities that they serve. The authors served as NSF program directors for the LTER program, respectively, for 10, 8, and 14 years between 1997 and 2011, in the Biological Sciences Directorate (BIO), Office of Polar Programs (OPP), and the Geosciences Directorate (GEO). From that context, we offer our perspectives on this remarkable program. Several central issues have dominated the development of the LTER program since its inception in 1980. These issues are the designation of core thematic research areas, the establishment of new sites and the expansion of NSF program involvement, the evolution of comparative and synthetic science across multiple LTER sites, the dynamics of top-down (NSF-driven) and bottom-up (principal investigator–driven) efforts that have coalesced to produce the present-day network, and the development of new environmental observing capabilities that should enhance the future scientific impact of the LTER program. The specification and emphasis on five core research areas (Waide, Chapter 2) as elements of the LTER program, which served as part of the initial rationale for the formation of the program, have varied over time and with changes in program management at NSF. Our consensus is that core research themes provide a major vehicle for integrative research, both comparative and synthetic, and additionally, serve as a strong guide for programmatic review.

What Drives Declining Support for Long-Term Ecological Research?

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
John A Vucetich ◽  
Michael Paul Nelson ◽  
Jeremy T Bruskotter
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Science ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Ecological Science ◽  
First Time

Abstract Several recent papers have reinvigorated a chronic concern about the need for ecological science to focus more on long-term research. For a few decades, significant voices among ecologists have been assembling elements of a case in favor of long-term ecological research. In this article and for the first time, we synthesize the elements of this case and present it in succinct form. We also argue that this case is unlikely to result in more long-term research. Finally, we present ideas that, if implemented, are more likely to result in appropriate levels of investment in long-term research in ecological science. The article comes at an important time, because the US National Science Foundation is currently undertaking a 40-year review of its Long-Term Ecological Research Network.

Network-Mediated Knowledge Spillovers in ICT/Information Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gandal ◽  
Nadav Kunievsky ◽  
Lee Branstetter
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Excellent Research ◽  
National Science ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large literature has used patent data to measure knowledge spillovers across inventions but few papers have explicitly measured the impact of the collaboration networks formed by inventors on the quality of invention. This paper develops a method to measure the impact of collaboration networks of inventors on invention quality. We apply this methodology to the information and communication technology (ICT) and information security sectors in Israel and find that the quality of Israeli inventions are systematically linked to the structure of the collaborative network in these sectors. We are very grateful to the editor Lukasz Grzybowski and an anonymous referee for very helpful comments and suggestions that significantly improved the paper. We thank the Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel, Start-Up Nation Central, the U. S. National Science Foundation (SciSIP grants 1360165 and 1360170), and Portugal’s Foundation for Science and Technology for financial support of this research. Lee Branstetter’s work on this project was supported by the National Science Foundation and we thank Britta Glennon for excellent research assistance. We are also grateful to Tim Bresnahan, Eugene Kandel, Imke Reimers, and seminar/conference participants at the 19th CEPR IO conference, the 10th Paris conference on Digital Economics, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Hebrew University, Stanford University, Tel Aviv University, ad UC-Berkeley and for helpful comments and suggestions. © 2020 by Neil Gandal, Nadav Kunievsky, and Lee Branstetter. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including the © notice, is given to the source.

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