Building Confidence in Elections: The Case of Electoral Monitors in Kosova

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Brancati
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
People’S Perceptions

AbstractWhile most research on electoral monitors has focused on the effect of electoral monitors on politicians and their behavior in terms of committing electoral fraud, this study examines the effect of electoral monitors on citizens, and their effect, in particular, on people's perceptions of electoral integrity and behavior in terms of turnout at the polls. To examine this relationship, I conducted a field experiment around the 2009/2010 municipal elections in Kosova, which varied the amount of information people had about the responsibilities of monitors in these elections. In the experiment, people who had more information about the monitors' responsibilities believed that the elections were more free and fair than those who had less information, and also believed that the monitors helped make these elections more free and fair, even though they were not more likely to vote as a result.

scholarly journals Intergroup and intragroup dimensions of COVID-19: A social identity perspective on social fragmentation and unity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams ◽  
Fanny Lalot ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Psychological Challenge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
People’S Perceptions

COVID-19 is a challenge faced by individuals (personal vulnerability and behavior), requiring coordinated policy from national government. However, another critical layer—intergroup relations—frames many decisions about how resources and support should be allocated. Based on theories of self and social identity uncertainty, subjective group dynamics, leadership, and social cohesion, we argue that this intergroup layer has important implications for people’s perceptions of their own and others’ situation, political management of the pandemic, how people are influenced, and how they resolve identity uncertainty. In the face of the pandemic, initial national or global unity is prone to intergroup fractures and competition through which leaders can exploit uncertainties to gain short-term credibility, power, or influence for their own groups, feeding polarization and extremism. Thus, the social and psychological challenge is how to sustain the superordinate objective of surviving and recovering from the pandemic through mutual cross-group effort.

Changing Sex Roles– Information without Process

1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunny S. Duhl
Keyword(s):  
Sex Roles ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
And Behavior

An aspect of the context in which we live is the vast amount of information we receive about roles and behavior without processes available for integration

scholarly journals Identifying the most influential features of neural population responses for information encoding and behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Nogueira ◽  
Nicole E. Peltier ◽  
Akiyuki Anzai ◽  
Gregory C. DeAngelis ◽  
Julio Martínez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Inverse Population ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Global Activity

SummaryIdentifying the features of population responses that are relevant to the amount of information encoded by neuronal populations is a crucial step toward understanding the neural code. Statistical features such as tuning properties, individual and shared response variability, and global activity modulations could all affect the amount of information encoded and modulate behavioral performance. We show that two features in particular affect information: the modulation of population responses across conditions and the projection of the inverse population variability along the modulation axis. We demonstrate that fluctuations of these two quantities are correlated with fluctuations of behavioral performance in various tasks and brain regions. In contrast, fluctuations in mean correlations among neurons and global activity have negligible or inconsistent effects on the amount of information encoded and behavioral performance. Our results are consistent with predictions of a model that optimally decodes population responses, which suggests that in our behavioral tasks the readout of information is near-optimal.

scholarly journals Violent Conflict and Behavior: A Field Experiment in Burundi

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 941-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten J Voors ◽  
Eleonora E. M Nillesen ◽  
Philip Verwimp ◽  
Erwin H Bulte ◽  
Robert Lensink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

We use a series of field experiments in rural Burundi to examine the impact of exposure to conflict on social, risk, and time preferences. We find that conflict affects behavior: individuals exposed to violence display more altruistic behavior towards their neighbors, are more risk-seeking, and have higher discount rates. Large adverse shocks can thus alter savings and investments decisions, and potentially have long-run consequences—even if the shocks themselves are temporary. (JEL C93, D12, D74, 012, 017, 018)

ACTIVE NETWORKS THAT MAXIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1230008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. BAPTISTA ◽  
J. X. DE CARVALHO ◽  
M. S. HUSSEIN ◽  
C. GREBOGI
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Laplacian Matrix ◽  
Active Networks ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This work clarifies the relationship between network circuit (topology) and behavior (information transmission and synchronization) in active networks, e.g. neural networks. As an application, we show how to determine a network topology that is optimal for information transmission. By optimal, we mean that the network is able to transmit a large amount of information, it possesses a large number of communication channels, and it is robust under large variations of the network coupling configuration. This theoretical approach is general and does not depend on the particular dynamic of the elements forming the network, since the network topology can be determined by finding a Laplacian matrix (the matrix that describes the connections and the coupling strengths among the elements) whose eigenvalues satisfy some special conditions. To illustrate our ideas and theoretical approaches, we use neural networks of electrically connected chaotic Hindmarsh–Rose neurons.

Perspectives on Hypo-egoic Phenomena From Social and Personality Psychology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Leary ◽  
Kate J. Diebels ◽  
Katrina P. Jongman-Sereno ◽  
Ashley Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Degree ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Topics related to self and identity have been of considerable interest to social and personality psychologists because people’s self-relevant thoughts play an important role in their cognitions, motives, emotions, and behavior. Most work in the area of self and identity has focused on phenomena that involve a high degree of self-awareness, egocentrism, and egoism. Phenomena characterized by a low level (or even absence) of these egoic characteristics have received comparatively less attention. People who are in a hypo-egoic state focus primarily on the present situation; introspect minimally on their thoughts, motives, and feelings; think about and evaluate themselves primarily in concrete, as opposed to abstract, ways; and pay relatively little attention to other people’s perceptions and evaluations of them. This chapter examines the nature of hypo-egoic mindsets, with a focus on six exemplars of social psychological phenomena that involve hypo-egoic processing: mindfulness, flow, hypo-egoic self-regulation, humility, altruism, and allo-inclusive identity.

scholarly journals FOREIGN LANGUAGE INFORMATION LITERACY MODEL IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT HOAXES IN KEDIRI CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-284
Author(s):  
Ayu Madona
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Literate Culture ◽  
Foreign Text ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Historical Methods

During the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the abilities that every individual must have is to be able to understand well the information that is widespread on digital platforms. The amount of information that uses English terms often creates pros and cons in society because of the inability to understand the meaning contained in the text. Even though English is the language of connection that will bridge the occurrence of interaction feedback globally. The focus of the author is to provide socialization and assistance to residents using an ethnographic approach that combines historical methods, observation, and interviews. This aims to explain the importance of understanding a foreign text from various disclosure of information with the assistance of literate culture as an act preventive against hoaxes, especially for residents of the District Kaliombo, Kota Kediri. However, information can be a trigger for weak immunity and affect people's thinking, language, and behavior. Linguistic Politeness will describe the characteristics of the community itself and become a major foothold in the act. Several pending findings resulted.

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