The Fate of Zn in Agricultural Soils: A Stable Isotope Approach to Anthropogenic Impact, Soil Formation, and Soil–Plant Cycling

<p>The article presents the current distribution of arsenic in agricultural soils of Slovakia. The current concentration of arsenic (extracted with <em>aqua regia</em>) was measured and evaluated based on 318 monitoring sites of national soil monitoring system in Slovakia. Based on the obtained results, one can state that the average content of arsenic is lower than the valid hygienic limit for arsenic (25 mg.kg-1) for predominated sandy-loamy and loamy soils in Slovakia. Increased values of arsenic were determined only for the Horná – Upper Nitra region (anthropogenic impact) – 24.5 mg.kg-1 and for the Stredný – Central Spiš region (mixed anthrophogenic and geogenic impact) – 129.5 mg.kg-1. These regions belong to the most arsenic-affected regions in Slovakia, where the content of bioavailable forms of arsenic is also increased in the range of 0.013–0.997 mg.kg-1. The hygienic limit for bioavailable arsenic in soils of Slovakia is 0.4 mg.kg-1. Finally, there is a serious risk of arsenic transport from soil into the plants and food chain especially in case of acid soils. A higher risk of As presence seems to be in anthropogenically affected soils.</p>

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Stable Isotope (δ13C and δ15N) Signatures and Their Relationship among Soil Enzyme Activities in Indian Semi-arid Agricultural Soils

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103624.2020.1798982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (13) ◽

pp. 1747-1756

Author(s):

Sudhakaran M ◽

Avudainayagam S ◽

Radha M ◽

Rajasekar M

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Enzyme ◽

Soil Enzyme Activities ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Semi Arid

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Agrogenic Transformation of Soil Cover in Pre-Salair Drained Plane (Western Siberia)

The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University Series Biology Ecology ◽

10.26516/2073-3372.2021.36.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 37-56

Author(s):

N. A. Sokolova ◽

◽

E. N. Smolentseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Humus Horizon ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Component Composition ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Large Area

Plowing up is a widespread type of anthropogenic transformation of soils and soil cover (SC) in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. As a result of plowing up agrogenic transformation (agrotransformation) of soils causes their form and properties change, as well as the spatial characteristics of the SC. In the example of a model territory the features of changes in the component composition and structure of the SC of the Pre-Salair drained plain under the influence of arable press are studied. Automorphic soil formation prevails in the studied area, and zonal natural soils here are chernozems (clay-illuvial and migrate-micellar) and dark grays. These soils have an upper dark humus horizon, which in arable soils becomes an agro-dark humus horizon. In the studied area, an increase in number of the SC components was found due to the soils of the agrozems section and different types of agricultural soils, which leads to a diversification of the component composition. It was found that the component composition of SC shows high degree of its agrotransformation: area of arable soils is 55.6% of total area of SC. We also showed the sequence of agrotransformation for the chernozems of the model territory: chernozems, agrochernozems, agrozems, abraded agrozems, agroabrazems. Agrozems occupy a large area and have a classification diversity. Factors affecting the diversity of agrozems at the type and subtype classification level are identified: the degree of agrogenic transformation of clay-illuvial and migrate-micellar chernozems are distinguished. The low thickness of the humus horizon of soils in the pre-agrarian period during plowing leads to various degrees of their agrotransformation and classification divergence of soils. The SC structure is characterized by geometric parameters in accordance with the concept of V.M. Friedland. These are areas and dissection coefficients (minimum, maximum, average and median) of elementary soil areal (ESA) and soil combinations areal (SCA). Geometries of ESA and SCA are caused by the combined influence of terrain features and anthropogenic impact. ESA of agrotransformed soils (agrograys, agrochernozems, agrozems) have largest sizes, besides undisturbed automorphic soils; ESA of strongly transformed soils developed in temporary flow hollows have smallest sizes. The overall result of the agrogenic transformation of the SC on the studied area is a new spatial agrogenic structure. In the component composition of SC specific soils of different taxonomic levels appear.

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Intergroup variation in stable isotope ratios reflects anthropogenic impact on the Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) of Gibraltar

Primates ◽

10.1007/s10329-011-0268-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Mark R. Schurr ◽

Agustín Fuentes ◽

Ellen Luecke ◽

John Cortes ◽

Eric Shaw

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Anthropogenic Impact ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Stable Isotope Ratios ◽

Macaca Sylvanus ◽

Barbary Macaques

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Magnetic Susceptibility of Permafrost Meadow-Chernozem Soils of Central Yakutia

The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University Series Biology Ecology ◽

10.26516/2073-3372.2021.36.57 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 57-71

Author(s):

A. P. Chevychelov ◽

◽

A. A. Alekseev ◽

L. I. Kuznetsova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Anthropogenic Impact ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽

Central Yakutia ◽

Si Units ◽

Chernozem Soils ◽

Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Natural Landscapes ◽

Genetic Features

Magnetic susceptibility was studied for the first time, as well as geographical and genetic features of the formation of properties and composition of permafrost meadowchernozem soils in Central Yakutia, depending on the conditions of soil formation and anthropogenic impact. A total of 11 soil sections were studied, with 6 soils developing under natural vegetation, and 5 under various agricultural lands. Various soil research methods, such as comparative geographical, profile-genetic, and comparative-analytical, were used in the course of this work, and the composition and properties of soils were determined using generally accepted methods. The volume magnetic susceptibility (VMS) was determined using a smallsized magnetic susceptibility meter KM-7, which is an improved version of the kt- 6 kappameter. The value of the specific magnetic susceptibility (SMS) was obtained by dividing the VMS value by the soil density p (expressed in kg/m3), χ = χ/p. It is shown that the properties of the studied soils differed significantly depending on the conditions of soil formation, as well as on the nature and level of anthropogenic impact. Also, the values of VMS and SMS of these soils of natural landscapes of Central Yakutia changed significantly, making up 31.4-138.9 Si units, respectively. 31.4-102.3ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. Even more variable values of VMS and SMS were observed in anthropogenic-modified analogs of the studied soils, where the values of VMS were 31.5-267.8 Si units, and those of SMS– 30.6-199.8ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. The magnetic profiles of the studied soils, which are characterized by the ratio χ/χc in the soils of natural landscapes corresponded to a more or less uniform type of distribution, where the values of the ratio χ/χc were 0.7-1.3, while in the studied soils of anthropogenic landscapes the values of these relations significantly narrow down and expanded to 0.2-2.0. This cardinally distinguishes the magnetic profiles of the studied permafrost meadow-chernozem soils from the corresponding chernozem soils of other non-permafrost regions of Russia, where accumulative types of magnetic profiles are usually formed, and the ratio χ/χc in the surface humus horizons is about 1,5 or even more.

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Isotope applications to soil science at the University of Alberta — an historical perspective

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2019-0153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 344-355

Author(s):

Brett C. Feland ◽

Sylvie A. Quideau

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽

Stable Isotope Ratio ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Soil Science ◽

University Of Alberta ◽

The University

For the past 70 yr, researchers in the Soil Science/Renewable Resources Department at the University of Alberta have used isotopes to study topics of ecological importance. This review highlights the soil isotope research conducted within our department over this time, including an historical overview of studies of interest. Analytical techniques and advances in instrumentation are discussed, focusing on the measurement of light stable isotope ratios (i.e., for C, H, N, S, and O) using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Early soil isotope work (1950–2000s) focused on agricultural soils and soil fertility issues. These studies included the use of radioactive isotopes such as 14C and 35S, and (or) artificially enriched stable isotopes including 15N-labelled fertilizers. More recently (2000–present), the scope of research widened to include natural-abundance stable isotope ratio studies as higher-sensitivity IRMS systems became more prevalent. Current isotope research topics include N biogeochemistry in natural and managed ecosystems, land management effects on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon cycling in northern landscapes, paleo-reconstruction in peatlands, carbon sequestration in boreal forests, and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Further technological progress also enabled new techniques such as compound-specific IRMS analysis, including δ13C and δ2H measurements of soil n-alkanes and phospholipid fatty acids. In conclusion, current IRMS instrumentation presents unparalleled opportunities for multidisciplinary research to track carbon, plant nutrients, and pollutants as they move through soils.

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Use of Paper-mill Wastes on Agricultural Soils: Is This a Way to Reduce Nitrate Leaching?

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science ◽

10.1080/09064710310003925 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Holger Kirchmann ◽

Lars Bergström

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Paper Mill

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Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000183 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 25-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guangwen Tang

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Provitamin A ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Plant Food ◽

Plant Foods ◽

A Value ◽

Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽

Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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