scholarly journals Magnetic Susceptibility of Permafrost Meadow-Chernozem Soils of Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
A. P. Chevychelov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Alekseev ◽  
L. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Si Units ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Genetic Features

Magnetic susceptibility was studied for the first time, as well as geographical and genetic features of the formation of properties and composition of permafrost meadowchernozem soils in Central Yakutia, depending on the conditions of soil formation and anthropogenic impact. A total of 11 soil sections were studied, with 6 soils developing under natural vegetation, and 5 under various agricultural lands. Various soil research methods, such as comparative geographical, profile-genetic, and comparative-analytical, were used in the course of this work, and the composition and properties of soils were determined using generally accepted methods. The volume magnetic susceptibility (VMS) was determined using a smallsized magnetic susceptibility meter KM-7, which is an improved version of the kt- 6 kappameter. The value of the specific magnetic susceptibility (SMS) was obtained by dividing the VMS value by the soil density p (expressed in kg/m3), χ = χ/p. It is shown that the properties of the studied soils differed significantly depending on the conditions of soil formation, as well as on the nature and level of anthropogenic impact. Also, the values of VMS and SMS of these soils of natural landscapes of Central Yakutia changed significantly, making up 31.4-138.9 Si units, respectively. 31.4-102.3ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. Even more variable values of VMS and SMS were observed in anthropogenic-modified analogs of the studied soils, where the values of VMS were 31.5-267.8 Si units, and those of SMS– 30.6-199.8ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. The magnetic profiles of the studied soils, which are characterized by the ratio χ/χc in the soils of natural landscapes corresponded to a more or less uniform type of distribution, where the values of the ratio χ/χc were 0.7-1.3, while in the studied soils of anthropogenic landscapes the values of these relations significantly narrow down and expanded to 0.2-2.0. This cardinally distinguishes the magnetic profiles of the studied permafrost meadow-chernozem soils from the corresponding chernozem soils of other non-permafrost regions of Russia, where accumulative types of magnetic profiles are usually formed, and the ratio χ/χc in the surface humus horizons is about 1,5 or even more.

scholarly journals Magnetic susceptibility and palaeomagnetic collection of rocks from central and western North Greenland

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
N Abrahamsen ◽  
R Van der Voo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Si Units ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Subsurface Mapping ◽  
North Greenland

Some 1900 orientated palaeomagnetic samples were collected from 372 sites in central and western North Greenland in 1985 covering the complete rock sequence from the Precambrian crystalline basement to the Upper Cretaceous dolerite dykes. More than 1100 susceptibility measurements from 91 sites were measured in situ on as many rock units as possibie with susceptibilities above 10-4 SI units. The susceptibilities in the region span 4 orders of magnitude, but the geometrical mean values of major rock groups are well clustered and well defined suggesting that indirect subsurface mapping by aeromagnetic surveying may be a feasible tool for future investigations.

scholarly journals Iron-containing phases in metallurgical and coke dusts as well as in bog iron ore

Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szumiata ◽  
Marzena Rachwał ◽  
Tadeusz Magiera ◽  
Katarzyna Brzózka ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik-Szumiata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Coke Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Abstract Several samples of dusts from steel and coke plants (collected mostly with electro filters) were subjected to the investigation of content of mineral phases in their particles. Additionally, sample of bog iron ore and metallurgical slurry was studied. Next, the magnetic susceptibility of all the samples was determined, and investigations of iron-containing phases were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility χ varied in a wide range: from 59 to above 7000 × 10−8 m-3·kg−1. The low values are determined for bog iron ore, metallurgical slurry, and coke dusts. The extremely high χ was obtained for metallurgical dusts. The Mössbauer spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns point to the presence of the following phases containing iron: hematite and oxidized magnetite (in coke and metallurgical dusts as well as metallurgical slurry), traces of magnetite fine grains fraction (in metallurgical dusts), amorphous glassy silicates with paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, traces of pyrrhotite (in coke dusts), α-Fe and nonstoichiometric wüstite (in metallurgical slurry), as well as ferrihydrite nanoparticles (in bog iron ore). For individual samples of metallurgical dusts, the relative contributions of Fe2+/3+ ions in octahedral B sites and Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral A sites in magnetite spinel structure differs considerably.

scholarly journals Genetic and facial structure of quaternary deposits on the territory of the Gomel chemical plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Shershnyov ◽  
Aleksandr I. Pavlovskii
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Influence Zone ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Production Zone ◽  
Technogenic Landscape

Analysis of lithological and genetic features quaternary deposits within the influence zone of industrial objects continues to be an urgent task of modern geology and geoecology. The article presents the results of studies of the lithologic features of quaternary deposits of the first from the surface of the low permeable layer underlying the ground aquifer within the sanitary protection zone of the Gomel chemical plant (GCP). In its structure, genetic types, groups of facies and facial varieties were identified. Large-scale (1 : 25 000) mapping of the established facies of quaternary deposits has been carried out. The present-day appearance of the formed natural and technogenic landscape has been studied. It has been established technolithomorphological changes of the geological and geomorphological basis of natural landscapes took place in the production zone of the plant. Facies of technogenic genesis has been identified.

scholarly journals The Fate of Zn in Agricultural Soils: A Stable Isotope Approach to Anthropogenic Impact, Soil Formation, and Soil–Plant Cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 4140-4149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Imseng ◽  
Matthias Wiggenhauser ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Armin Keller ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Formation

Diagnosis of eluvial-illuvial profile differentiation processes in Pre-Carpathian soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Ivan Smaga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
System Of Parameters

Elementary soil processes, as components of the soil-forming process, play an important role in the formation of morphological and genetic features of soils and are used for their genetic diagnosis. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation of the background profile for Precarpathian soils is due to the passage of processes from the group of eluvial, in particular podzolization, silting and gley-eluvial. The diagnostic criteria for these processes remain controversial and need further development. The article provides some justifications for their objectivity and reliability in identifying individual processes of soil formation and the results of establishing the genetic consequences of their passage. The formation of clay cutanes in the illuvion is considered to be an important sign of lessivage, but the presence of one and a half oxides may also indicate the passage of the processes of podzolization and in-soil clay forming According to another criterion - the presence of "optically oriented clays" in the illuvion is difficult to establish their migration path and the intensity of the lessivage process. Increasing the value of the ratio of silt content to the content of physical clay in the illuvial horizons compared to the eluvial horizons does not allow to distinguish the processes of podzolization and lessivage, and the same ratio in the illuvial horizon compared to the parent rock - lessivage and clay forming. Changes within the profile of the mineral part of the soil, which are reflected by the molecular ratios of SiO2:Al2O3 and eluvial-accumulative coefficients of aluminum, the values of silt and aluminum losses, also the profile distribution of montmorillonite are important criteria for the separation of loess and podzolization and indicate the decisive role of the latter in the formation of the profile differentiation of the soils of Precarpathians. Important criteria for gley-eluvial processes are higher losses from the upper podzolic illuminated of Fe2O3 layer than Al2O3, an increase in the molecular ratio of Al2O3:Fe2O3, the ratio of losses of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, also increase the criterion SiO2:Fe2O3/SiO2. Complementing the national system of parameters for the diagnosis and classification of soils with criteria that are characteristic of the substantive-genetic approach according to the WRB requires further study.

Luminescence age constraints on the Pleistocene-Holocene transition recorded in loess sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Constantin ◽  
Stefana-Madalina Sacaciu ◽  
Viorica Tecsa ◽  
Anca Avram ◽  
Robert Begy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Here we investigate the timing of the last glacial loess - Holocene soil transition recorded in loess-paleosol sequences across the Chinese Loess Plateau, the SE European loess belt and the Central Great Plains, Nebraska, USA by applying comparative luminescence dating techniques on quartz and feldspars. Equivalent dose measurements were carried out using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol on silt (4–11 μm) and sand-sized (63–90 μm and coarser fraction when available) quartz. Feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) emitted by 4–11 μm polymineral grains was measured using the post IR-IRSL<sub>290</sub> technique.</p><p>The paleoenvironmental transition from the last glacial loess to the current interglacial soil was characterized using magnetic susceptibility and its frequency dependence. Based on the OSL ages and the threshold of the magnetic signal enhancement the onset of soil formation started around Termination 1 (~17 ka in the North Atlantic) as observed in radiocarbon-dated regional benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O stacks (Stern and Lisiecki, 2014) but before the stratigraphic Pleistocene/Holocene transition dated at 11.7 ka in ice core records (Svensson et al., 2008).</p><p>No major hiatuses in ages are identified in the investigated sites. A change in the sedimentation rate is generally observed at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and no significant sedimentation change during the Holocene. Sedimentation rates of around 6 cm/ka are determined for the Holocene soil in most of the sites investigated.</p><p>The magnetic susceptibility indicates a gradual increase in pedogenesis after Termination 1 (∼17 ka in the North Atlantic). Based on this, we infer that the upbuilding soil formation prevailed over topdown soil formation during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the investigated sites (Roberts, 2008).</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Roberts, H.M., 2008. The development and application of luminescence dating to loess deposits: a perspective on the past, present and future. Boreas 37, 483-507.</p><p>Svensson, A., Andersen, K.K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H.B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S.M., Johnsen, S.J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S.O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J.P., Vinther, B.M., 2008.A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology. Climate of the Past 4, 47-57.</p><p>Stern, J.V., Lisiecki, L.E., 2014. Termination 1 timing in radiocarbon-dated regional benthic δ18O stacks. Paleoceanography 29, 1127-1142.</p><p> </p><p>This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC-2015-STG (grant agreement No [678106]).</p>

scholarly journals Magnetic Behavior of Carbon Materials Made from Biomass by Fe-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Olivares ◽  
Silvia Román ◽  
Beatriz Ledesma ◽  
Alfredo Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Magnetization Curves ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Diffraction ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Pyrolysis Processes

Biomass magnetic materials were synthesized by several hydrothermal carbonization methods, by which iron was provided in different ways: as FeCl3 prior to or during hydrothermal carbonization, as pure Fe particles, or as magnetic ferrofluid, followed or not by pyrolysis processes. The materials were thoughtfully characterized in terms of elemental composition, thermal degradation, porosity (N2 adsorption, SEM micrography), surface chemistry (FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffraction), and magnetization curves on a self-made installation. The results indicated that the process design can significantly improve the structure and chemistry of the material, as well as the magnetization effect induced on the adsorbent. Fe as FeCl3 was more interesting in regards to the development of porosity, mainly creating micropores, although it did not provide magnetism to the material unless a further pyrolysis was applied. Thermal treatment at 600 °C did not only increase the BET-specific surface (SBET) (262 m2 g−1) of the hydrochar, but also involved the transformation of Fe into magnetite, providing magnetic behavior of the hydrochar. Increasing pyrolyisis temperature to 800 °C even enhanced a better development of porosity (SBET of 424 m2 g−1) and also increased the specific magnetic susceptibility of the hydrochar as a result of the further transition of Fe into wustite and hydroxi-ferrite.

scholarly journals Detection of the pedogenic magnetic fraction in volcanic soils developed on basalts using frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility: comparison of two instruments

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Grison ◽  
Eduard Petrovsky ◽  
Ales Kapicka ◽  
Hana Hanzlikova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Frequency Meter

Abstract In studies of the magnetic properties of soils, the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility percentage (χFD%) is often used for the identification of ultrafine magnetically superparamagnetic/stable single-domain (SP/SSD) particles. This parameter is commonly used as an indicator for increased pedogenesis. In strongly magnetic soils, the SP/SSD magnetic signal (mostly bio-pedogenic) may be masked by lithological signals; making pedogenesis hard to detect. In this study, we compare results for the detection of ultrafine SP/SSD magnetic particles in andic soils using two instruments: a Bartington MS2B dual-frequency meter and an AGICO Kappabridge MFK1-FA. In particular, the study focuses on the effect of pedogenesis by investigating the relationship between specific soil magnetic and chemical properties (soil organic carbon and pHH2O). The values of χFD% obtained with the MS2B varied from 2.4 to 5.9 per cent, and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χLF) from 283 to 1688 × 10−8 m3 kg−1, while values of χFD% and χLF obtained with the MFK1-FA varied from 2.7 to 8.2 per cent and from 299 to 1859 × 10−8 m3 kg−1, respectively. Our results suggest that the detection of the SP/SSD magnetic fraction can be accomplished by comparing relative trends of χFD% along the soil profile. Moreover, the discrimination between bio-pedogenic and lithogenic magnetic contributions in the SP/SSD fraction is possible by comparing the χFD% and χLF data determined in the fine earth (<2 mm) and the coarse fraction (4–10 mm) samples down the soil profile.

scholarly journals History of economic using the valley of the Dnieper river in its middle flow

2015 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
M. Kulinich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reserve Fund ◽  
Local Nature

In the article is researched the process economic using of the valley of the Dnieper River in its middle flow. There was performed a retrospective analysis of human impacts on local nature landscapes. The history of economic using of the researched area is divided into four main periods according to the intensity and diversity of types of anthropogenic impact on the environment. There are presented the basic objects of nature reserve fund, which purposefully was created by man in the twentieth century, in order to preserve natural landscapes in the region of the Middle Dnieper.

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