scholarly journals Agrogenic Transformation of Soil Cover in Pre-Salair Drained Plane (Western Siberia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
N. A. Sokolova ◽  
◽  
E. N. Smolentseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Large Area

Plowing up is a widespread type of anthropogenic transformation of soils and soil cover (SC) in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. As a result of plowing up agrogenic transformation (agrotransformation) of soils causes their form and properties change, as well as the spatial characteristics of the SC. In the example of a model territory the features of changes in the component composition and structure of the SC of the Pre-Salair drained plain under the influence of arable press are studied. Automorphic soil formation prevails in the studied area, and zonal natural soils here are chernozems (clay-illuvial and migrate-micellar) and dark grays. These soils have an upper dark humus horizon, which in arable soils becomes an agro-dark humus horizon. In the studied area, an increase in number of the SC components was found due to the soils of the agrozems section and different types of agricultural soils, which leads to a diversification of the component composition. It was found that the component composition of SC shows high degree of its agrotransformation: area of arable soils is 55.6% of total area of SC. We also showed the sequence of agrotransformation for the chernozems of the model territory: chernozems, agrochernozems, agrozems, abraded agrozems, agroabrazems. Agrozems occupy a large area and have a classification diversity. Factors affecting the diversity of agrozems at the type and subtype classification level are identified: the degree of agrogenic transformation of clay-illuvial and migrate-micellar chernozems are distinguished. The low thickness of the humus horizon of soils in the pre-agrarian period during plowing leads to various degrees of their agrotransformation and classification divergence of soils. The SC structure is characterized by geometric parameters in accordance with the concept of V.M. Friedland. These are areas and dissection coefficients (minimum, maximum, average and median) of elementary soil areal (ESA) and soil combinations areal (SCA). Geometries of ESA and SCA are caused by the combined influence of terrain features and anthropogenic impact. ESA of agrotransformed soils (agrograys, agrochernozems, agrozems) have largest sizes, besides undisturbed automorphic soils; ESA of strongly transformed soils developed in temporary flow hollows have smallest sizes. The overall result of the agrogenic transformation of the SC on the studied area is a new spatial agrogenic structure. In the component composition of SC specific soils of different taxonomic levels appear.

scholarly journals Holocene Soil Evolution in South Siberia Based on Phytolith Records and Genetic Soil Analysis (Russia)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gavrilov ◽  
Sergey Loiko ◽  
Nina Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Ams Dating

Dark, coniferous hemiboreal forests in the south of West Siberia are located in the Holocene forest-steppe ecotone, where natural environmental conditions have been quite dynamic. This dynamic environment resulted in the contrasting evolution of regional soil cover and the development of unique soil profiles with the second humus horizon. The second humus horizon is assumed to be a relic from the dark-humus soil formation stage in the mid-Holocene. This article draws conclusions about changes in regional environmental conditions by analysing data from a geochemically interrelated coevolutionary soil series, obtained by using a combination of conventional soil studies, phytolith analyses, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) and humic acids. The results showed that, in general, phytocenoses changed from mire-meadow vegetation towards forest vegetation via the meadow stage. However, these stages had different durations, depending on the soil catenary position. The topographical divergence of soil phytolith profiles reflects the relief effect on the development of specific soil type combinations, accounting for the major elements of the regional mid-Holocene soil cover. The leading elementary soil-forming processes were humus accumulation and hydrogenic accumulation of calcium carbonates. In the hilltop site of Endocalcic Stagnic Albic Luvisols, the evolutionary changes were shown by the shift from the meadow phytocenosis (Calcic Stagnic Chernozem) to the forest phytocenosis. In the midslope site, the environment was more humid from the start, favouring a phytocenosis with features of the meadow-mire type. The shift from the meadow-mire environment (with Spodic Chernic Gleysols) to the forest type environment with leading profile-forming processes, acid hydrolysis and lessivage, was gradual, occurring via the meadow stage with Calcic Stagnic Chernozem. In the toeslope site (Calcic Stagnic Greyzemic Epidystric Umbrisols), the meadow-mire stage (with Spodic Chernic Gleysols) was succeeded by the forest stage of soil formation. The AMS-dating of PhytOC estimated that the dark-humus stage of soil formation began 6.5–5.7 years calBC. Despite the observed slight translocation of phytoliths down soil profiles and phytolith solubilisation, phytolith analysis can be used to reconstruct shifts in the soil formation environment for surface Holocene palaeosols.

“FLAGMAN” - NEW VARIETY OF BROMUS INERMIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

scholarly journals Study of thickness of humus profiles of gray forest and chernozem soils of different terms of agricultural use in landscape shrubs of the central forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalyova ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova ◽  
Olga Kuzmina ◽  
Yuri Breslavets ◽  
Alexey Teteryadchenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Humus Profile ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Leaved Forest

The article presents the results of a field study of the thickness of the humus profiles of gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems of dif-ferent terms of agricultural use of soil catens of broad-leaved-forest (background) and meadow-steppe areas of the Belgorod region. The work was carried out in the spring and summer period 2018-2019. The objects of the study were different-aged arable plots with the age of agricultural development of 100 and 160 years, respectively. The steepness of the surface on the plots did not exceed 5-60. It is established that the thickness of humus profile under the influence of agricultural cultivation during 60 years has decreased by 49 cm, at that on the slopes of northern exposition this index is more expressed (33 cm) than on the slopes of southern exposition (16 cm). It is possible, to note, that with increase of age of agricultural use on slopes of northern and southern expositions the greatest thickness of humus horizon is observed on anomalous soils (72 and 65 sm accordingly). Within the background catens the soil cover is homogeneous, the second humus horizon was observed in each of the studied transects.

scholarly journals Incense burners and altar dishes of the Sargatka Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
V.A. Zakh
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Main Item ◽  
Incense Burner

The paper concerns the so-called incense burners and small altar dishes found in the burial complexes of the Sargatka Culture in the forest-steppe region of the Western Siberia, as well as in the burials of the Cis-Urals nomads of the 4th–2nd c. BC, which were used for burning and incensing of various substances. Compilation of materials allows forming a clearer view on the possible function of these objects, which is debatable amongst the researchers. The incense burners are small cylindrical stone or pottery vessels with considerable amount of tal-cum in the pottery clay. The altar dishes represent round, oval or subrectangular objects made of stone and clay with or without legs. The cylinder-shaped incense burners and altar dishes are, apparently, similar in function to each other. The absence of a high rim on the latter is compensated by a large area of the dish itself. The volume of the incensed substance would be nearly the same in both types of the burners, while sustaining burning on the altar-dishes would not require special means, such as wall penetrations alike those in the cylindrical incense burners. Few preserved burials contain incense burners alongside other, in our opinion related, objects — flat-bottom vessels, sometimes with stone bases, which allows econstruction of the implement in its assembled form and suggestion of a method of its application. The main item was an incense burner — a container of a cylindrical or conical shape, usually with through-holes in the wall to allow air intake inside the ware, sometimes having nip-ple-shaped protrusions on the inner surface of the bottom increasing the surface area of contact with the incense substance. The incense burner would have been placed in a flat-bottom jar filled with smoldering embers and installed on a fire-resistant base. The studied objects and their handling resemble the ceremonial described by Herodotus as a ritual purification amongst the Scythians. However, in our opinion, it cannot be ruled out that they could have been used in the rituals involving hallucinogenic substances, performed with the aim of prophesizing, divination, to communicate with gods and spirits, which were practised by people of the Sarmatian and Sargatian (at least in the western part of the area) Cultures and administered, most likely, by special, elected persons. When those persons die, the implements would be placed into their burials as a grave goods.

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

Limnoecosystems of the Kurgan region with domination in the zooplankton of the species group Daphnia (Daphnia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Kozlov ◽  
Sergei Valer’evich Arshevsky ◽  
Ol’ga Vladimirovna Arshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
South West ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Lake Waters

The paper presents data on the state of populations of species of the genus Daphnia in the ecosystems of small lakes in the forest-steppe zone of the south-west of Western Siberia, in which they are the highest trophic link. The research was conducted in 2017 on the territory of the Kurgan region. In total, 5 lakes (Lysanovo, Dolgoe, Golovka, Second Mogilnoye, Krutoyar) located between 66°30’ and 67°00 ‘ were studied.d. and 55°00’ and 55°30 ‘ s. The studied lakes are typical for the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. According to the chemical composition, the lake waters of the studied limnoecosystems can be attributed to the bicarbonate and chloride classes, the sodium group. 5 species of the genus Daphnia were found in the reservoirs: Daphnia (Daphnia) - D.(D.) pulex, D.(D.) obtusa, D.(D.) longispina, D.(D.) galeata, and Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia)- D. (C.) magna. Populations of D. (D.) pulex are found in all the studied reservoirs. The maximum density and biomass of crustaceans of this species is noted in Lake Mogilnoye of 51 thousand individuals/m² and 3.62 g/m², respectively. The minimum, in the lake Dolgoe – 3.8 thousand individuals/m² and 0.019 g/m². Of the other species, D. (C.) magna is most common-in three reservoirs. At the same time, there is a significant variability in the population density from 0.478 thousand. individuals/m² (Lake Krutoyar) up to 9,864 thousand. individuals/ m² (lake Dolgoe). D. (D.) longispina is found in two lakes – the Golovka (25,230 thousand. individuals/m²) and Krutoyar (6,428 thous. individuals/m²). The lowest occurrence is typical for D. (D.) obtusa (Lake Golovka) and D. (D.) galeata (Lake Lysanovo). The greatest species diversity of the genus Daphnia was observed in Lake Golovka (3 species) and Krutoyar (3 species). It is concluded that the studied limnoecosystems are characteristic daphnia reservoirs with the dominance of one or two species from the genus Daphnia.

SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF AQUATIC AND ASSOCIATED GEOSYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Chernykh ◽  
Dmitriy Zolotov ◽  
Roman Biryukov ◽  
Dmitriy Pershin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
Plant Associations

An unstable lake levels are characteristic for the Ob Plateau territory. Moreover, there are reciprocal level fluctuations. In this regard, both in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Plateau, a significant part of geosystems of underlying locations are periodically affected by the hydromorphic factor. It is manifested in the structure of soil cover, micro- and nanorelief, and composition of plant associations.

scholarly journals Use of remote Earth sensing for agro-ecological estimation of soil cover structures and optimisation of agriculture in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Gorbunova ◽  
Tatyana N. Demyanenko ◽  
Valentina V. Chuprova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adaptive Landscape Agriculture

The possibilities of using data of Earth remote sensing for the construction of a geomorphological profile for the purpose of agroecological assessment of soil cover patterns and subsequent land typification as a basis for the design of adaptive landscape agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. The geomorphological profile illustrates the features of the relief and regularities in the distribution of soil structures with a certain set of agro-ecological conditions and limiting factors that determine the choice of agro-technologies and farming systems.

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