scholarly journals Mapping Opportunities for Transportation Electrification to Address Social Marginalization and Air Pollution Challenges in Greater Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 2103-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Adam Mahady ◽  
Claudia Octaviano ◽  
Oscar Sebastian Araiza Bolaños ◽  
Erick Rosas López ◽  
Daniel M. Kammen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Greater Mexico ◽  
Transportation Electrification

scholarly journals Modelling local patterns of child mortality risk: a Bayesian Spatio-temporal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lome-Hurtado ◽  
Jacques Lartigue-Mendoza ◽  
Juan C. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The North ◽  
Greater Mexico ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

Abstract Background Globally, child mortality rate has remained high over the years, but the figure can be reduced through proper implementation of spatially-targeted public health policies. Due to its alarming rate in comparison to North American standards, child mortality is particularly a health concern in Mexico. Despite this fact, there remains a dearth of studies that address its spatio-temporal identification in the country. The aims of this study are i) to model the evolution of child mortality risk at the municipality level in Greater Mexico City, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium, and low risk over time, and (iii) using municipality trends, to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities. Methods In order to control for the space-time patterns of data, the study performs a Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis. This methodology permits the modelling of the geographical variation of child mortality risk across municipalities, within the studied time span. Results The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities were in the east, along with a few in the north and west areas of Greater Mexico City. In some of them, it is possible to distinguish an increasing trend in child mortality risk. The outcomes highlight municipalities currently presenting a medium risk but liable to become high risk, given their trend, after the studied period. Finally, the likelihood of child mortality risk illustrates an overall decreasing tendency throughout the 7-year studied period. Conclusions The identification of high-risk municipalities and risk trends may provide a useful input for policymakers seeking to reduce the incidence of child mortality. The results provide evidence that supports the use of geographical targeting in policy interventions.

scholarly journals Exposure to PM2.5 and Obesity Prevalence in the Greater Mexico City Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
Martha María Téllez-Rojo ◽  
Stephen J. Rothenberg ◽  
Ivan Gutiérrez-Avila ◽  
Allan Carpenter Just ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
City Area ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Greater Mexico ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with the prevalence of obesity. In the Greater Mexico City Area (GMCA), both are ranked among the highest in the world. Our aim was to analyze this association in children, adolescents, and adults in the GMCA. We used data from the 2006 and 2012 Mexican National Surveys of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT). Participants’ past-year exposure to ambient PM2.5 was assessed using land use terms and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth estimates; weight and height were measured. We used survey-adjusted logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of obesity (vs. normal-overweight) for every 10 µg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 exposure for children, adolescents, and adults. Using a meta-analysis approach, we estimated the overall odds of obesity. We analyzed data representing 19.3 million and 20.9 million GMCA individuals from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012, respectively. The overall pooled estimate between PM2.5 exposure and obesity was OR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.18). For adolescents, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an OR of 3.53 (95% CI: 1.45, 8.58) and 3.79 (95% CI: 1.40, 10.24) in 2006 and 2012, respectively. More studies such as this are recommended in Latin American cities with similar air pollution and obesity conditions.

Air Pollution and Infant Mortality in Mexico City

Epidemiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Loomis ◽  
Margarita Castillejos ◽  
Diane R. Gold ◽  
William McDonnell ◽  
Victor Hugo Borja-Aburto
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Mexico City

scholarly journals Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Detailed View

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vega ◽  
Silvia Eidels ◽  
Hugo Ruiz ◽  
Diego López-Veneroni ◽  
Gustavo Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution

Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: A series of 256 patients in Mexico City and Monterrey. Is air pollution the missing link?☆☆☆

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILIAN CALDERÓN-GARCIDUEÑAS ◽  
RICARDO DELGADO ◽  
ANA CALDERÓN-GARCIDUEÑAS ◽  
ABELARDO MENESES ◽  
LUZ MARIA RUIZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Missing Link

Brief Analysis of Spatial Clustering of Mexico City Air Pollution Centroids during MILAGRO Campaign

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Salcido ◽  
Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo ◽  
Susana Carreón-Sierra ◽  
Carlos-Daniel Salcido-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Spatial Clustering

Brief Analysis of Spatial Clustering of Mexico City Air Pollution Centroids during MILAGRO Campaign

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Salcido ◽  
Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo ◽  
Susana Carreón-Sierra ◽  
Carlos-Daniel Salcido-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Spatial Clustering

Apolipoprotein E4, Gender, Body Mass Index, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Air Pollution Interactions: Recipe for Alzheimer’s Disease Development in Mexico City Young Females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Suzanne M. de la Monte
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Given the epidemiological trends of increasing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and growing evidence that exposure and lifestyle factors contribute to AD risk and pathogenesis, attention should be paid to variables such as air pollution, in order to reduce rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above the US EPA standards is associated with AD risk. Mexico City children experienced pre- and postnatal high exposures to PM2.5, O3, combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and endotoxins. Exposures are associated with early brain gene imbalance in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, along with epigenetic changes, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cognitive deficits, and brain structural and metabolic changes. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele, the most prevalent genetic risk for AD, plays a key role in the response to air pollution in young girls. APOE 4 heterozygous females with >75% to <94% BMI percentiles are at the highest risk of severe cognitive deficits (1.5–2 SD from average IQ). This review focused on the relationships between gender, BMI, systemic and neural inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, dyslipidemia, vascular risk factors, and central nervous system involvement in APOE4 urbanites exposed to PM2.5 and magnetite combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles that can reach the brain. APOE4 young female heterozygous carriers constitute a high-risk group for a fatal disease: AD. Multidisciplinary intervention strategies could be critical for prevention or amelioration of cognitive deficits and long-term AD progression in young individuals at high risk.

A Critical Proton MR Spectroscopy Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease Early Neurodegenerative Change: Low Hippocampal NAA/Cr Ratio Impacts APOE ε4 Mexico City Children and Their Parents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño ◽  
Gastón Melo-Sánchez ◽  
Joel Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jardón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
The Right

Severe air pollution exposures produce systemic, respiratory, myocardial, and brain inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks in clinically healthy children. We tested whether hippocampal metabolite ratios are associated with contrasting levels of air pollution, APOE, and body mass index (BMI) in paired healthy children and one parent sharing the same APOE alleles. We used 1H-MRS to interrogate bilateral hippocampal single-voxel in 57 children (12.45 ± 3.4 years) and their 48 parents (37.5 ± 6.78 years) from a low pollution city versus Mexico City (MC). NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr metabolite ratios were analyzed. The right hippocampus NAA/Cr ratio was significantly different between cohorts (p = 0.007). The NAA/Cr ratio in right hippocampus in controls versus APOE ε4 MC children and in left hippocampus in MC APOE ε4 parents versus their children was significantly different after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (p = 0.027 and 0.01, respectively). The NAA/Cr ratio is considered reflective of neuronal density/functional integrity/loss of synapses/higher pTau burden, thus a significant decrease in hippocampal NAA/Cr ratios may constitute a spectral marker of early neurodegeneration in young urbanites. Decreases in NAA/Cr correlate well with cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and dementia severity; thus, since the progression of AD starts decades before clinical diagnosis, our findings support the hypothesis that under chronic exposures to fine particulate matter and ozone above the standards, neurodegenerative processes start in childhood and APOE ε4 carriers are at higher risk. Gene and environmental factors are critical in the development of AD and the identification and neuroprotection of young urbanites at high risk must become a public health priority.

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