Controlling the Stability and Rheology of Copolyol Dispersions in Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate (AEO9)-Stabilized Multiple Emulsions

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (40) ◽  
pp. 18307-18317
Author(s):  
Dereje Kebebew Debeli ◽  
Chao Lin ◽  
Destaw Bayabil Mekbib ◽  
Liuyun Hu ◽  
Jianjun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Multiple Emulsions ◽  
The Stability

The fate of detergent surfactants in sewer systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthijs ◽  
G. Debaere ◽  
N. Itrich ◽  
P. Masscheleyn ◽  
A. Rottiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Laboratory Findings

The fate of detergent surfactants in the sewer can be studied both in laboratory tests and in field experiments. The laboratory studies can be used to determine the rate of disappearance of a test molecule as a function of residence time and estimate its half-life in a given habitat. In addition, important information can be obtained on the mechanism of degradation. Field studies can determine the actual environmental concentrations of surfactants in raw sewage which can then be compared with the expected concentration based on consumption volumes. The difference between the measured and predicted concentration provides an estimate for the disappearance of the test chemical during its travel in the sewer and confirms the results of the laboratory tests. This paper focuses on the fate of a number of important representative anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, in the sewer. The results of laboratory die-away studies showed that, in general, the half-life for disappearance in the sewer was in the order of hours for Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE), Fatty Alcohol Ethoxy Sulphate (AES) and Di-Ethyl-Ester Di-methyl-Ammonium Chloride (DEEDMAC). These laboratory findings for AES were confirmed by monitoring actual raw sewage reaching municipal sewage treatment plants. In addition, a field study demonstrated that the concentration of glucose amides (GA) is considerably reduced during its travel in the sewer. These complementary laboratory and field studies provide key information for the safety assessment of surfactants. They demonstrate that the concentration of surfactants can be significantly reduced in the sewer resulting in a rapid reduction of the environmental loading, which is particularly important in environmental situations where inadequate or no sewage treatment exists.

Effects of compositions on the stability of polyols-in-oil-in-water (P/O/W) multiple emulsions

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanping Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Yubo Qin ◽  
Wenhua Ou ◽  
Yuhan Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Emulsions ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
The Stability

Derivatization LC/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Fatty Alcohol and Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Water and Wastewater Samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn C. Dunphy ◽  
Daniel G. Pessler ◽  
Stephen W. Morrall ◽  
K. Alex Evans ◽  
David A. Robaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Primary Biodegradation of Commercial Fatty-Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants: Characteristic Parameters

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jurado ◽  
M. Fernández-Serrano ◽  
J. Núñez-Olea ◽  
M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Characteristic Parameters

Study of Under Etching Characters of Si (100) in Surfactant Added TMAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Qi Fang Hu ◽  
Cheng Chen Gao ◽  
Yi Long Hao ◽  
Yang Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Deep Etching ◽  
Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Etching Effect

This work focuses on the etching characteristic of (100) silicon wafer in surfactant added tetramethyl-ammonium-hydroxide (TMAH:( CH3)4NOH) solution. The experimental result shows that under etching effect in TMAH achieves a significant reduction by adding fatty alcohol ethoxylate (R-O (CH2-CH2)n-OH) in the solution. Synperonic-A series fatty-alcohol-ethoxylate with increasing length of ethylene oxide segments are used to carry out the experiment. Comparing with the pure TMAH, the maximum under etching rate in the surfactant added TMAH is reduced to three quarters. The etching loss of convex corners is negligible for shallow to medium-deep etching (<30μm).

A Microstructural Study of the O/W Primary Emulsion on the Formation of Oil-in-Water-in-Oil Multiple Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianjie Zhang ◽  
Yubo Qin ◽  
Guolan Duan ◽  
Wenhua Ou ◽  
Yaping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Multiple Emulsion ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Multiple Emulsions ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Primary Emulsion ◽  
The Stability

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the preparation process and composition on the microstructure of the O/W primary emulsions and the corresponding impact on the formation of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) multiple emulsions. Objectives: Multiple emulsions were prepared by a two-step emulsification method and the microstructure was characterized by the microscope. Methods: The primary emulsion was prepared by four kinds of preparation methods, which including both high-energy and low-energy emulsification, and then the primary emulsion was re-emulsified by stirring in the outer phase. Result: Through the theoretical investigation and the corresponding verification experiments of the interfacial film, the geometric reason for that the O/W/O multiple emulsion was relatively difficult to prepare has been found. The microstructure of O/W particles was more obvious, and the particle size were smaller with the increase of the hydrophilic emulsifier amount which was beneficial to the formation and stability of O/W/O structures. However, the excess emulsifier existed in the water phase could interfere the stability of the W/O interface. Moreover, the viscosity of inner oil phase had a large influence on the formation of O/W/O emulsion by affecting the particle size of the primary emulsion and the dynamic equilibrium between the inner and outer oil phase. Conclusion: It can be concluded that fine multiple emulsions formed when the particle size of the primary emulsion was moderate since the large particles would breaking through the outer interface membrane and small particles would combining with the outer oil phase due to the Ostwald ripening.

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