Primary Biodegradation of Commercial Fatty-Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants: Characteristic Parameters

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jurado ◽  
M. Fernández-Serrano ◽  
J. Núñez-Olea ◽  
M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Characteristic Parameters

The fate of detergent surfactants in sewer systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthijs ◽  
G. Debaere ◽  
N. Itrich ◽  
P. Masscheleyn ◽  
A. Rottiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Laboratory Findings

The fate of detergent surfactants in the sewer can be studied both in laboratory tests and in field experiments. The laboratory studies can be used to determine the rate of disappearance of a test molecule as a function of residence time and estimate its half-life in a given habitat. In addition, important information can be obtained on the mechanism of degradation. Field studies can determine the actual environmental concentrations of surfactants in raw sewage which can then be compared with the expected concentration based on consumption volumes. The difference between the measured and predicted concentration provides an estimate for the disappearance of the test chemical during its travel in the sewer and confirms the results of the laboratory tests. This paper focuses on the fate of a number of important representative anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, in the sewer. The results of laboratory die-away studies showed that, in general, the half-life for disappearance in the sewer was in the order of hours for Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE), Fatty Alcohol Ethoxy Sulphate (AES) and Di-Ethyl-Ester Di-methyl-Ammonium Chloride (DEEDMAC). These laboratory findings for AES were confirmed by monitoring actual raw sewage reaching municipal sewage treatment plants. In addition, a field study demonstrated that the concentration of glucose amides (GA) is considerably reduced during its travel in the sewer. These complementary laboratory and field studies provide key information for the safety assessment of surfactants. They demonstrate that the concentration of surfactants can be significantly reduced in the sewer resulting in a rapid reduction of the environmental loading, which is particularly important in environmental situations where inadequate or no sewage treatment exists.

Controlling the Stability and Rheology of Copolyol Dispersions in Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate (AEO9)-Stabilized Multiple Emulsions

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (40) ◽  
pp. 18307-18317
Author(s):  
Dereje Kebebew Debeli ◽  
Chao Lin ◽  
Destaw Bayabil Mekbib ◽  
Liuyun Hu ◽  
Jianjun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Multiple Emulsions ◽  
The Stability

Derivatization LC/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Fatty Alcohol and Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Water and Wastewater Samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn C. Dunphy ◽  
Daniel G. Pessler ◽  
Stephen W. Morrall ◽  
K. Alex Evans ◽  
David A. Robaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Study of Under Etching Characters of Si (100) in Surfactant Added TMAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Qi Fang Hu ◽  
Cheng Chen Gao ◽  
Yi Long Hao ◽  
Yang Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Deep Etching ◽  
Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Etching Effect

This work focuses on the etching characteristic of (100) silicon wafer in surfactant added tetramethyl-ammonium-hydroxide (TMAH:( CH3)4NOH) solution. The experimental result shows that under etching effect in TMAH achieves a significant reduction by adding fatty alcohol ethoxylate (R-O (CH2-CH2)n-OH) in the solution. Synperonic-A series fatty-alcohol-ethoxylate with increasing length of ethylene oxide segments are used to carry out the experiment. Comparing with the pure TMAH, the maximum under etching rate in the surfactant added TMAH is reduced to three quarters. The etching loss of convex corners is negligible for shallow to medium-deep etching (<30μm).

Some properties of an oil-soluble phosphated fatty alcohol ethoxylate

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. GROVES ◽  
R. M. A. MUSTAFA ◽  
J. E. CARLESS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate

scholarly journals Use of Adjuvants to Optimize the Activity of Two Broad-Spectrum Herbicides for Weed Control in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ABBAS ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
T. AHMAD ◽  
M. AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate

ABSTRACT: Herbicide resistance development among weeds, environmental contamination and health concerns due to the overuse of herbicides have led researchers to focus on ways to reduce herbicides to be sprayed for weed management. Adjuvants are best suited for that purpose, as they accomplish a crucial role in achieving satisfactory control of weeds by maximizing herbicidal activity. A two-year field investigation was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, in the University of Agriculture, in Faisalabad, Pakistan during the winter of 2014 and 2015, with the objective to optimize the activity of two broad-spectrum herbicides at reduced dose (75% of the label mentioned rate) for weed control in wheat. Minimum weed density, weed dry weight and NPK uptake were recorded with reduced dosed mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium at 10.60 g a.i. ha-1 combined with fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 mL ha-1. This was followed by reduced dosed sulfosulfuron at 18.75 g a.i. ha-1 combined with the same adjuvant. Among various herbicidal treatments, application of reduced dosed mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium at 10.60 g a.i. ha-1 combined with fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 mL ha-1 was proved to be most cost effective and resulted in maximum wheat yield during both years of study.

scholarly journals Increased Foliar Activity of Isoproturon+Tribenuron and Pyroxsulam Against Little Seed Canary Grass and Field Bindweed by Proper Adjuvant Selection in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RIZWAN ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
N.A. IKRAM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Canary Grass

ABSTRACT: Using an adjuvant to optimize and increase the foliar activity of post emergence herbicides is an acceptable way to reduce their side effects. Field researches were conducted to detect a suitable adjuvant for two post-herbicides namely, isoproturon+tribenuron and pyroxsulam against little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). Treatments were, isoproturon+tribenuron at 1,025 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) and pyroxsulam at 140.6 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) alone or their reduced dose (75% of the recommended dose) isoproturon+tribenuron at 769 and pyroxsulam at 105.5 g a.i. ha-1, tank mixed with three different adjuvants viz. alkylethersulphate sodium salt at 400, fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 and sunflower oil at 1,000 mL ha-1. These treatments were applied at the two to three leaf stages of weeds. All the adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of herbicides; however, maximum herbicide efficacy against P. minor (93.50-97.66%) and C. arvensis (82-100%) was achieved with the application of isoproturon+tribenuron plus alkylethersulphate sodium salt, showing the lowest total weed dry weight (1.48, 0.88 g m-2). The maximum NPK-uptake was associated to the untreated control. Nutrient saving (55-95% N, 43-92% P, 55-95% K) was enhanced by the addition of all adjuvants to herbicides, with better weed control. The maximum yield (41 - 43% increase over weedy check) and yield attributes were recorded with reduced rates of isoproturon+tribenuron plus alkylethersulphate sodium salt, followed by the recommended rate of the same herbicide applied alone. In contrast, sunflower oil with pyroxsulam exerted greater control of little seed canary grass and field bindweed with more yield and yield related traits than alkylethersulphate sodium salt and fatty alcohol ethoxylate with pyroxsulam. These results demonstrated the improvement in the performance of reduced rates of isoproturon+tribenuron with the inclusion of alkylethersulphate sodium salt, with a dose higher than or equal to the recommended dose of the same herbicide, and this is the most cost-effective combination.

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