Degraded Metabolites of Phlorizin Promote Germination of Valsa mali var. mali in its Host Malus spp.

A novel synthetic approach towards 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy butyrophenone is reported. Using 4-fluorophenol as a raw material, the processes of etherification protection, Friedel-Crafts acylation and demethylation provide the target compound under mild conditions. The structure was characterized by the melting point and IR, MS,1H-NMR, and13C-NMR spectroscopy. The bioassay results indicate that the target compound exhibits potent antifungal activities againstValsa mali,Coniella dipodiella, and other agricultural plant fungi. The target compound also shows potent herbicidal activities forLactuca sativa, a dicotyledon, andEchinochloa crus-galli, a monocotyledon. The toxicity regression C50values of the compound againstValsa mali,Coniothyrium diplodiella,Lactuca sativaseedling, andEchinochloa crusgalliseedling were calculated by SPSS. The Hormesis effect for roots ofEchinochloa crusgalliwas confirmed.

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Study on Interactions between the Major Apple Valsa Canker Pathogen Valsa mali and Its Biocontrol Agent Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 Using RT-qPCR

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0162174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. e0162174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dongying Fan ◽

Yanfang Li ◽

Lingyun Zhao ◽

Zhengpeng Li ◽

Lili Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Canker Pathogen ◽

Valsa Canker ◽

Apple Valsa Canker ◽

Valsa Mali

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Valsa mali. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20056500612 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Malus Pumila ◽

Distribution Map ◽

New Distribution ◽

Valsa Mali

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Valsa mali Miyabe & Yamada. Host: apple (Malus pumila). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, north, Hebei (Hopei), Japan, Korea Republic.

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Latent Infection of Valsa mali in the Seeds, Seedlings and Twigs of Crabapple and Apple Trees is a Potential Inoculum Source of Valsa Canker

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-44228-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiang-long Meng ◽

Xing-hua Qi ◽

Ze-yuan Han ◽

Yong-bin Guo ◽

Ya-nan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Infection ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Inoculum Source ◽

Valsa Canker ◽

Valsa Mali

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation ofValsa mali: An Efficient Tool for Random Insertion Mutagenesis

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/968432 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Caixia Wang ◽

Xiangnan Guan ◽

Hanyan Wang ◽

Guifang Li ◽

Xiangli Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Gene ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Insertion Mutagenesis ◽

Transformation System ◽

Canker Disease ◽

Germination Ability ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into ◽

Random Insertion ◽

Valsa Mali

Valsa maliis a causal agent of apple and pear trees canker disease, which is a destructive disease that causes serious economic losses in eastern Asia, especially in China. The lack of an efficient transformation system forValsa maliretards its investigation, which poses difficulties to control the disease. In this research, a transformation system for this pathogen was established for the first time usingA. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), with the optimal transformation conditions as follows: 106/mL conidia suspension, cocultivation temperature 22°C, cocultivation time 72 hours, and 200 μM acetosyringone (AS) in the inductive medium. The average transformation efficiency was 1015.00 ± 37.35 transformants per 106recipient conidia. Thirty transformants were randomly selected for further confirmation and the results showed the presence of T-DNA in all hygromycin B resistant transformants and also revealed random and single gene integration with genetic stability. Compared with wild-type strain, those transformants exhibited various differences in morphology, conidia production, and conidia germination ability. In addition, pathogenicity assays revealed that 14 transformants had mitigated pathogenicity, while one had enhanced infection ability. The results suggest that ATMT ofV. maliis a useful tool to gain novel insight into this economically important pathogen at molecular levels.

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Baseline sensitivity and biochemical responses of Valsa mali to propamidine

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.01.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yong Wang ◽

Yang Sun ◽

Zi Xiong ◽

Kai He ◽

Juntao Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Valsa Mali

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Valsa mali Pathogenic Effector VmPxE1 Contributes to Full Virulence and Interacts With the Host Peroxidase MdAPX1 as a Potential Target

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.00821 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mian Zhang ◽

Hao Feng ◽

Yuhuan Zhao ◽

Linlin Song ◽

Chen Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Target ◽

Valsa Mali

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Nep1-like Proteins from Valsa mali Differentially Regulate Pathogen Virulence and Response to Abiotic Stresses

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7100830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 830

Author(s):

Jianying Liu ◽

Jiajun Nie ◽

Yali Chang ◽

Lili Huang

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Early Stage ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Strong Immune Response ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

Pathogen Virulence ◽

Apple Leaves ◽

Its Gene ◽

Valsa Mali

Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1(Nep1)-like protein (NLP) is well known for its cytotoxicity and immunogenicity on dicotyledonous, and it has attracted large attention due to its gene expansion and functional diversification in numerous phytopathogens. Here, two NLP family proteins, VmNLP1 and VmNLP2, were identified in the pathogenic fungus Valsa mali. We showed that VmNLP2 but not VmNLP1 induced cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. VmNLP2 was also shown to induce cell death in apple leaves via the treatment of the Escherichia coli-produced recombinant protein. VmNLP1 and VmNLP2 transcripts were drastically induced at the early stage of V. mali infection, whereas only VmNLP2 was shown to be essential for pathogen virulence. We also found that VmNLP1 and VmNLP2 are required for maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, and they differentially contribute to V. mali tolerance to salt- and osmo-stresses. Notably, multiple sequence alignment revealed that the second histidine (H) among the conserved heptapeptide (GHRHDWE) of VmNLP2 is mutated to tyrosine (Y). When this tyrosine (Y) was substituted by histidine (H), the variant displayed enhanced cytotoxicity in N. benthamiana, as well as enhanced virulence on apple leaves, suggesting that the virulence role of VmNLP2 probably correlates to its cytotoxicity activity. We further showed that the peptide among VmNLP2, called nlp25 (VmNLP2), triggered strong immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. This work demonstrates that NLPs from V. mali involve multiple biological roles, and shed new light on how intricately complex the functions of NLP might be.

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Genome-Wide Characterization of HSP90 Gene Family in Malus sieversii and Their Potential Roles in Response to Valsa mali Infection

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12091232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1232

Author(s):

Yakupjan Haxim ◽

Yu Si ◽

Xiaojie Liu ◽

Xuejing Wen ◽

Gulnaz Kahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Canker Disease ◽

Malus Sieversii ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽

Valsa Mali

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is highly conservative molecular chaperon produced by plants in response to adverse environmental stresses including fungal infection. In China, canker disease, caused by Valsa mali, is the main threat for Malus sieversii, an ancestor of the cultivated apple. In this study, a total of eight HSP90 genes were identified from the M. sieversii genome and randomly distributed on eight chromosomes. According to gene structure and phylogenetic analysis, the MsHSP90s can be divided into five categories. The transcriptome analysis of M. sieversii under V. mali infection showed that the plant pathogen interaction pathway was identified as significantly enriched. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the MsHSP90-6a gene was significantly repressed by V. mali infection. We further predicted cis-regulatory elements on the promotor region of MsHSP90 genes and identified canonical SHE motifs. Our results improve our understanding of the HSP90 gene family and provide a foundation for further studies of disease prevention in M. sieversii.

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