scholarly journals Tear Film Lipid Layer Structure: Self-Assembly of O-Acyl-ω-hydroxy Fatty Acids and Wax Esters into Evaporation-Resistant Monolayers

Nano Letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Viitaja ◽  
Jukka Moilanen ◽  
Kirsi Johanna Svedström ◽  
Filip S. Ekholm ◽  
Riku O. Paananen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Lipid Layer

scholarly journals Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2471-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Butovich ◽  
Jadwiga C. Wojtowicz ◽  
Mike Molai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Fatty Acyl Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid (FAHFA) Lipid Families

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Paul L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Branched Chain

Fatty Acyl esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFA) encompass three different lipid families which have incorrectly been classified as wax esters. These families include (i) Branched-chain FAHFAs, involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and inflammation, with acylation of an internal branched-chain hydroxy-palmitic or -stearic acid; (ii) ω-FAHFAs, which function as biosurfactants in a number of biofluids, are formed via acylation of the ω-hydroxyl group of very-long-chain fatty acids (these lipids have also been designated as o-acyl hydroxy fatty acids; OAHFA); and (iii) Ornithine-FAHFAs are bacterial lipids formed by the acylation of short-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the addition of ornithine to the free carboxy group of the hydroxy fatty acid. The differences in biosynthetic pathways and cellular functions of these lipid families will be reviewed and compared to wax esters, which are formed by the acylation of a fatty alcohol, not a hydroxy fatty acid. In summary, FAHFA lipid families are both unique and complex in their biosynthesis and their biological actions. We have only evaluated the tip of the iceberg and much more exciting research is required to understand these lipids in health and disease.

scholarly journals Interactions of polar lipids with cholesteryl ester multilayers elucidate tear film lipid layer structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riku O. Paananen ◽  
Tuomo Viitaja ◽  
Agnieszka Olżyńska ◽  
Filip S. Ekholm ◽  
Jukka Moilanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Layer

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Specific Tear Film Lipids Connected to Dry Eye Syndrome: A Study on O-Acyl-ω-hydroxy Fatty Acids and Diesters

Langmuir ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 3545-3552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena C. Bland ◽  
Jukka A. Moilanen ◽  
Filip S. Ekholm ◽  
Riku O. Paananen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome

scholarly journals Interactions of Meibum and Tears with Mucomimetic Polymers: A Hint towards the Interplay between the Layers of the Tear Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Petar Eftimov ◽  
Norihiko Yokoi ◽  
Ana M. Melo ◽  
Philippe Daull ◽  
Georgi As. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Brewster Angle Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Surface Balance

Recent clinical findings suggest that mucomimetic polymers (MMP) can alter not only the texture of the aqueous tear but also the spreading and structure of the tear film (TF) lipid layer, thereby allowing for their synchronized performance in vivo. Thus, we aimed to evaluate in vitro (i) the capability of pharmaceutically applicable MMP to ensure the formation of post-evaporative ferning patterns (a characteristic feature of the “healthy” tear colloid) and (ii) the MMP interactions with human meibum films accessed in the course of blink-like deformations via Langmuir surface balance and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). Four MMP were used- hyaluronic acid (HA), cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CHA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gellan gum (GG)- at the concentrations of 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%. Significant differences were observed in the MMP fern formation capability: CHA (≥0.001%) > HA (≥0.01%) = CMC (≥0.01%) > GG (≥0.05%). All MMP affected the spreading of meibum, with BAM micrographs revealing thickening of the films. CHA was particularly efficient, showing concentration-dependent enhancement of tear ferning and of meibomian layer structure, surfactant properties and viscoelasticity. Thus, endogenous and exogenous MMP may play key roles for the concerted action of the TF layers at the ocular surface, revealing novel routes for TF-oriented therapeutic applications.

Human meibum and tear film derived (o-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids in meibomian gland dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safal Khanal ◽  
William Ngo ◽  
Kelly K. Nichols ◽  
Landon Wilson ◽  
Stephen Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
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