Correction to “Polysialic-Acid-Based Micelles Promote Neural Regeneration in Spinal Cord Injury Therapy”

Abstract Imbalance of oxidative and inflammatory regulation is the main contributor to neurofunctional deterioration and failure of rebuilding spared neural networks after spinal cord injury (SCI). As an emerging biosafe strategy for protecting against oxidative and inflammatory damage, hydrogen (H2) therapy is a promising approach for improving the microenvironment to allow neural regeneration. However, achieving release of H2 at sufficient concentrations specifically into the injured area is critical for the therapeutic effect of H2. Thus, we assembled SiO2@mSiO2 mesoporous silica nanoparticles and loaded them with ammonia borane (AB), which has abundant capacity and allows controllable release of H2 in an acid-dependent manner. The release of H2 from AB/SiO2@mSiO2 was satisfactory at pH 6.6, which is approximately equal to the microenvironmental acidity after SCI. After AB/SiO2@mSiO2 were intrathecally administered to rat models of SCI, continuous release of H2 from these nanoparticles synergistically enhanced neurofunctional recovery, reduced fibrotic scar formation and promoted neural regeneration by suppressing oxidative stress reaction. Furthermore, in the subacute phase of SCI, microglia were markedly polarized toward the M2 phenotype by H2 via inhibition of TLR9 expression in astrocytes. In conclusion, H2 delivery through AB/SiO2@mSiO2 has the potential to efficiently treat SCI through comprehensive modulation of the oxidative and inflammatory imbalance in the microenvironment.

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The promotion of neural regeneration in an extreme rat spinal cord injury model using a collagen scaffold containing a collagen binding neuroprotective protein and an EGFR neutralizing antibody

Biomaterials ◽

10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (35) ◽

pp. 9212-9220 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Qianqian Han ◽

Wei Jin ◽

Zhifeng Xiao ◽

Hongbin Ni ◽

Jinhuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Collagen Scaffold ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Neural Regeneration ◽

Rat Spinal Cord ◽

Collagen Binding ◽

Spinal Cord Injury Model ◽

Injury Model ◽

Cord Injury

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Multipotent Neurotrophic Effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Spinal Cord Injury

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20236078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 6078 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kentaro Yamane ◽

Haruo Misawa ◽

Tomoyuki Takigawa ◽

Yoshihiro Ito ◽

Toshifumi Ozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Hepatocyte Growth Factor ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Neural Regeneration ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Hepatocyte Growth

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural tissue loss and so far untreatable functional impairment. In addition, at the initial injury site, inflammation induces secondary damage, and glial scar formation occurs to limit inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Consequently, it obstructs neural regeneration. Many studies have been conducted in the field of SCI; however, no satisfactory treatment has been established to date. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of the neurotrophic growth factors and has been listed as a candidate medicine for SCI treatment. The highlighted effects of HGF on neural regeneration are associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Moreover, HGF exerts positive effects on transplanted stem cell differentiation into neurons. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HGF in SCI recovery, and introduces recent advances in the clinical applications of HGF therapy.

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The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2012/826754 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jack Rosner ◽

Pablo Avalos ◽

Frank Acosta ◽

John Liu ◽

Doniel Drazin

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Cellular Therapy ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Neural Regeneration ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Combination Therapies ◽

Cord Injury

Any traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause symptoms ranging from pain to complete loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the injury. Currently, there are over 2 million SCI patients worldwide. The cost of their necessary continuing care creates a burden for the patient, their families, and society. Presently, few SCI treatments are available and none have facilitated neural regeneration and/or significant functional improvement. Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). Results are often limited because of the inhibitory environment created following the injury and the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Therapies that show promise in small animal models may not transfer to nonhuman primates and humans. None of the research has resulted in remarkable improvement, but many areas show promise. Studies have suggested that a combination of therapies may enhance results and may be more effective than a single therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new SCI research including combination therapies.

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Charting new paths in neural regeneration: some prospects and possibilities after spinal cord injury

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-1997-9303 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194

Author(s):

D. Gareth Jones

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Neural Regeneration ◽

Cord Injury

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Effects of Transplanted Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel Combining Dental Pulp Stem Cells and bFGF on Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2018/2398521 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lihua Luo ◽

Abdullkhaleg Ali Albashari ◽

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Ling Jin ◽

Yanni Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Neural Regeneration ◽

3D Network ◽

Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of serious traumatic diseases of the central nervous system and has no effective treatment because of its complicated pathophysiology. Tissue engineering strategy which contains scaffolds, cells, and growth factors can provide a promising treatment for SCI. Hydrogel that has 3D network structure and biomimetic microenvironment can support cellular growth and embed biological macromolecules for sustaining release. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), derived from cranial neural crest, possess mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics and have an ability to provide neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties for SCI treatment. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is able to promote cell survival and proliferation and also has beneficial effect on neural regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Herein, a thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel containing DPSCs and bFGF was prepared, and the effects of HP-bFGF-DPSCs on neuron restoration after SCI were evaluated by functional recovery tests, western blotting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology evaluation, and immunohistochemistry. The results suggested that transplanted HP hydrogel containing DPSCs and bFGF had a significant impact on spinal cord repair and regeneration and may provide a promising strategy for neuron repair, functional recovery, and tissue regeneration after SCI.

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