Thermally Robust Heterobimetallic Palladium–Alkali Catalysts for Ethylene and Alkyl Acrylate Copolymerization

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (21) ◽  
pp. 3874-3882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongzheng Cai ◽  
Loi H. Do
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Acrylate ◽  
Alkali Catalysts

scholarly journals Bio-Derived Catalysts: A Current Trend of Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽  
My-Linh Nguyen ◽  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
A Current

Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance the reaction efficiency and simplify the production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodiesel synthesis. Recently, the use of bio-derived catalysts has attracted more interest due to their high catalytic activity and ecofriendly properties. These catalysts include alkali catalysts, acid catalysts, and enzymes (biocatalysts), which are (bio)synthesized from various natural sources. This review summarizes the latest findings on these bio-derived catalysts, as well as their source and catalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are also discussed. These bio-based catalysts show a promising future and can be further used as a renewable catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4492
Author(s):  
Komeil Kohansal ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Eliana Lozano Sanchez ◽  
Joscha Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Catalytic Experiment ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
Alkali Elements

This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

Molecular Combing of Various Poly(n-Alkyl Acrylate) Chains on Mica by the Dipping Method

Langmuir ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Ohmatsuzawa ◽  
Moriya Kikuchi ◽  
Seigou Kawaguchi ◽  
Jiro Kumaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Combing ◽  
Alkyl Acrylate

Metal-Alkali Catalytic Valorization of Lignocellulose Towards Aromatics and Small Molecular Alcohols and Acids in a Holistic Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lv ◽  
Yuting Zhu ◽  
Weiqi Mai ◽  
Changhui Zhu ◽  
Qifeng Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Reaction Phase ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
O Phase

Abstract In this work, we developed an approach of one-pot completely catalytic conversion of woody biomass into two value product streams: lignin-derived aromatics (68.54% monomer and 29.65% oligomer yields of lignin) and (semi-)cellulose-derived small molecular alcohols (about 59.60% of biomass mass). These could be afforded by conducting lignocellulose depolymerization over metal-alkaline catalysts in a mixture n-butanol/H2O solvent system at 250 °C and 30 bar H2. In the valorization process, the homogenous mixture of n-butanol-H2O solvents extract and depolymerize both lignin and hemicellulose, while the catalysts and H2 are essential to cleave the inter-/intramolecular linkages of lignocellulose into target products. After the reaction, phase separation of n-butanol and H2O takes place when systematic temperature at room temperature, providing a mild and effective strategy to isolate lignin-derived aromatics (n-butanol phase) from small molecular alcohols/acids (aqueous phase). Ru/C and alkali catalysts are collected by filtration from n-butanol phase and H2O phase, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of metal-alkali coupled catalysts enables facilitating the cleavage of β-O-4 linkage of lignin and increasing the attainability of (semi-)cellulose-derived oligomers and the small molecular alcohols. This catalytic system provides a versatile valorization approach for biomass catalytic to bio-based chemicals.

scholarly journals Side chain length impacting thermal transitions and water uptake of acrylate–maleimide copolymers with pendent catechols

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (77) ◽  
pp. 49114-49118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bartucci ◽  
E. Napadensky ◽  
J. L. Lenhart ◽  
J. A. Orlicki
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Side Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Acrylate

Significant moisture uptake was observed for a family of catechol side-chain poly(alkyl acrylate-maleimide)s (PAMs) intended to probe the effects of Tg and polarity.

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